Risk Factors For Postpartum Depressive Symptoms Research Articles

Correlations between GRIN2B and GRIN3A gene polymorphisms and postpartum depressive symptoms in Chinese parturients undergoing cesarean section: A prospective cohort study

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) and self-harm ideation with n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor GRIN2B and GRIN3A gene polymorphisms and other risk factors in women undergoing cesarean section. MethodsA total of 362 parturients undergoing cesarean section under lumbar anesthesia were selected and their postpartum depression level was assessed by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) at 42 days postpartum, with an EPDS score of 9/10 as the cut-off value. Three GRIN2B SNP loci (rs1805476, rs3026174, rs4522263) and five GRIN3A SNP loci (rs1983812, rs2050639, rs2050641, rs3739722, rs10989563) were selected for genotype detection. The role of each SNP, linkage disequilibrium and haplotypes in the development of postpartum depression was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed for related risk factors. ResultsPDS incidence was 16.85%, and self-harm ideation incidence was 13.54%. Univariate analysis showed that GRIN2B rs1805476, rs3026174 and rs4522263 gene polymorphisms were associated with PDS (p < 0.05), with GRIN2B rs4522263 gene also associated with maternal self-harm ideation. GRIN3A rs1983812, rs2050639, rest rs2050641, rs3739722 and rs10989563 alleles were not associated with PDS. Logistic regression analysis indicated that high pregnancy stress, as well as rs1805476 and rs4522263 alleles were PDS risk factors following cesarean delivery. GRIN2B (TTG p = 0.002) and GRIN3A (TGTTC p = 0.002) haplotypes were associated with the lower PDS incidence and higher PDS incidence respectively. ConclusionGRIN2B rs1805476 GG genotype, rs4522263 CC genotype and high stress during pregnancy were risk factors for PDS, whilst a significantly higher incidence of self-harm ideation was evident in parturients carrying GRIN2B rs4522263 CC genotype.

Does Perceived Quality of Care Moderate Postpartum Depression? A Secondary Analysis of a Two-Stage Survey.

The purpose of this study was to examine if women's perceptions of the quality of hospital care during childbirth moderate their risks for symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD). This cross-sectional secondary analysis analyzed data from the Listening to Mothers III (2013) series surveys with a weighted sample size of 1057 of women surveyed from across the United States. PPD symptoms were defined according the Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Associations between risk factors and PPD symptoms were tested using logistic regressions with the moderating variable of perceived quality of care then added to models with significant risk factors. Of the 22 potential risk factors for PPD symptoms, 10 were found to be significantly associated with PPD symptoms in this sample of women. Very good perceived quality of care moderated the following risk factors for PPD symptoms in a protective direction: relationship status (p = 0.01), pre-pregnancy BMI (p = 0.02), and pain that interfered with routine activities 2 months postpartum (p = 0.003). These findings suggest risk factors for PPD symptoms are moderated by perceived quality of care and therefore, maternity providers can influence women's psychological wellbeing postpartum by providing very good perceived quality of care during the hospital stay for birth. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously due to a lack of a direct, proven relationship between provider action and women's perceived quality of care.

The role of kynurenine pathway and kynurenic aminotransferase alleles in postpartum depression following cesarean section in Chinese women

ObjectivesA growing body of data indicates that the kynurenine pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS). Kynurenic aminotransferase (KAT) is an important kynurenine pathway enzyme, catalyzing kynurenine (KYN) into kynurenic acid (KYNA). This study investigated as to whether genetic variations in KAT are associated with PDS.MethodsA cohort of 360 Chinese women scheduled to undergo cesarean delivery was enrolled into this study. PDS was determined by an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥ 13. A total of eight KAT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped and their association with PDS investigated. Serum concentrations of KYN, KYNA, and quinolinic acid (QUIN) in women with or without PDS were also measured. This allowed the determination of the KYNA/KYN ratio, which is reflective of KAT activity.ResultsPostpartum depressive symptoms incidence was 7.2%. Advanced maternal age, lower education, antenatal depression, and postpartum blues were risk factors for PDS (p < .05). Women with PDS, versus non‐PDS, had heightened KYN levels one day prior to surgery (ante‐d1) (p < .05), as well as having significantly lower KYNA and higher QUIN levels at postnatal day three (post‐d3) (p < .05). Women with, versus without, PDS also had a significantly higher QUIN/KYNA ratio at post‐d3 (p < .05). KAT activity was significantly lower in women with, versus without, PDS at ante‐d3 (p < .05). No significant association was evident between the KAT SNPs and PDS.ConclusionOur data support a role for alterations in the kynurenine pathway in the pathogenesis of PDS, although no significant association was found for the eight tested KAT SNPs with PDS.

ABO blood types and postpartum depression among Chinese women: A prospective cohort study in Tianjin, China

ABSTRACTPostpartum depression is associated with adverse consequences for mother and offspring. The heritable ABO blood group has been associated with multiple diseases, including mental illness and diabetes. We explored the association of ABO blood group and postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) in a population-based cohort of pregnant Chinese women. From 2010 to August 2012, we recruited 8842 pregnant women with a mean age of 28.5 years (SD: 2.94) and mean body mass index of 22.4kg/m2 (SD: 3.45) in Tianjin, China. We used the Mainland Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale after delivery with a cutoff score of 10 to define PPDS. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PPDS were obtained using binary logistic regression. Of 8842 women, 8.5% (n = 747) developed PPDS. Compared to those with blood group B, women with blood groups A, AB or O had a higher odds of PPDS (adjusted ORs: 1.23 (95% CI: 1.13–1.40), 1.31 (95% CI: 0.98–1.74), and 1.30(95% CI:1.03–1.60), respectively). Blood group B was associated with reduced odds of PPDS in pregnant Chinese women. If replicated in other studies, non-blood group B may be a useful risk factors for PPDS in Chinese pregnant women.

Prevalence of Self-Reported Postpartum Depressive Symptoms—17 States, 2004-2005

Postpartum depression (PPD) affects 10%-15% of mothers within the first year after giving birth. Younger mothers and those experiencing partner-related stress or physical abuse might be more likely to develop PPD. CDC analyzed data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) for 2004-2005 (the most recent data available) to 1) assess the prevalence of self-reported postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) among mothers by selected demographic characteristics and other possible risk factors for PDS and 2) determine factors that identify mothers most likely to develop PPD. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that, during 2004-2005, the prevalence of self-reported PDS in 17 U.S. states ranged from 11.7% (Maine) to 20.4% (New Mexico). Younger women, those with lower educational attainment, and women who received Medicaid benefits for their delivery were more likely to report PDS. State and local health departments should evaluate the effectiveness of targeting mental health services to these mothers and incorporating messages about PPD into existing programs (e.g., domestic violence services) for women at higher risk.