Risk Factors For Oral Cancer Research Articles

Community awareness regarding smokeless tobacco (Shamma) as a cause of oral cancer in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Introduction: Oral cancer has emerged as a significant public health issue, with 90% of instances because of avoidable causes. Smokeless tobacco usage is thought to be a substantial source of cytological alterations in the oral mucosa, and snuff (Shamma) is often used in Saudi Arabia. In this study, we investigated community awareness of Shamma as a cause of oral cancer in the Jazan region’s general population. Methods: A cross-sectional A self-administered questionnaire was used in analytical research of people in the Jazan region to determine their awareness of Shamma consumption and its association with oral cancer. The collected data were analysed with SPSS software. Results: About 1380 participants were included in the study. 730 (52.9%) were females and most of the participants (63%) were between eighteen and thirty years old. About three-quarters 1022 (74.1%) of the participants had previously heard about oral cancer, 457 (44.7%) stated that it is possible to avoid oral cancer and 593 (58%) mentioned that oral cancer is treatable. About 45.1% of the participants believe that older ages are risk factor of oral cancer. Concerning awareness of the warning oral cancer’s symptoms and signs; more than half (76.9%) mentioned oral ulcers. Regarding knowledge about risk factors for oral cancer; the most often mentioned ones were smokeless tobacco (87%), smoking (86%), followed by khat chewing (62.1%), and alcohol (58.9%). About 66.2% of the participants have tried to stop Shamma in the past 12 months. We found that gender and age are a risk factor for oral cancer, where they are correlated significantly with knowledge and awareness of smokeless tobacco (P value < 0.001 and 0.049, respectively. Conclusion: Good overall awareness and knowledge about Shamma and smokeless tobacco. More than half of the individuals recognized Shamma as an oral cancer risk factor with accuracy. Oral ulcers were revealed to be the most well-known sign of oral cancer among survey participants. It was shown that there was a significant correlation between gender awareness and knowledge levels. In addition interventional research is necessary.

Oral cancer perceptions amongst adult attendees of a Dental Hospital in the Republic of Ireland: A cross-sectional pilot study

Objectives This study aimed to assess (i) awareness of the signs and symptoms of oral cancer and its risk factors and (ii) awareness and attitudes towards oral cancer screening, in an Irish cohort. Methods A cross-sectional self-administered survey was used in a convenience sample of patients > 18 years with no cancer history attending the Dublin Dental University Hospital. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests. Results 124 responses were received. 83.7% reported knowing little/nothing about oral cancer risk factors. 12.8% did not identify smoking, 35.3% alcohol consumption, 90.5% betel nut, 35.3% age and 80.2% male gender, as risk factors. 46% were unaware that a dentist is trained to check for oral cancer. Participants were more likely to seek advice regarding a persistent oral white or red patch from their doctor than their dentist but were more likely to attend their dentist in relation to a persistent ulcer, swelling or pain. The study did not find any statistically significant relationship between gender, age, educational level and either awareness of the signs and symptoms of oral cancer and its risk factors, or with experiences and attitudes towards oral cancer screening. Conclusions The study demonstrated a lack of knowledge of the risk factors, signs and symptoms of oral cancer, and of awareness of the role of dentists in screening for oral cancer. It should be repeated in a larger cohort in non-dental settings to inform the development of oral cancer awareness programmes that address those areas where awareness is lacking.

Causal associations of MICB, CTSA, and MMP9 proteins with oral cancer: Mendelian randomization study

Oral cancer (ORCA) is the most prevalent histological subtype of oral malignancies in which immune modulation is relevant. The goal of this work was to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal connection between the immune-related proteins MICB, CTSA, MMP9, and ORCA. The Open GWAS database of the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) was accessed to collect GWAS data for ORCA (ieu-b-4961), MICB (prot-a-1898), CTSA (prot-a-717) and MMP9 (prot-a-1921). From 372,373 samples, the ORCA dataset comprises 7,723,107 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). MICB, CTSA, and MMP9 all have 10,534,735 SNPs and 3,301 sample sizes. Then, the primary SVMR implementation approaches were weighted mode, simple mode, inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger. IVW was the most effective technique. A sensitivity study was also carried out to assess the correctness of SVMR data, with special focus devoted to heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and Leave-One-Out (LOO). MVMR was eventually implemented as well. A Mendelian randomization analysis of the three exposure factors in the dataset (ieu-b-94, ebi-a-GCST012237) was also performed to validate the study results. According to the SVMR results, there was a noteworthy causal interaction between ORCA and MICB (P = 0.0014), MMP9 (P = 0.0343), and CTSA (P = 0.0003). Furthermore, odds ratios (ORs) values revealed that MMP9 (OR = 1.0005) was an ORCA risk factor, whereas MICB (OR = 0.9994) and CTSA (OR = 0.9993) were security factors. The robustness of the SVMR findings was confirmed by the p-values of the heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, both of which were greater than 0.05. The MVMR result did not affect any of the safety or hazard features of these three exposure factors. However, the P value for MMP9 was greater than 0.05, implying that MICB and CTSA may have a greater influence on ORCA than MMP9. The validation outcomes in both datasets harmonized with the findings from previous research, thereby solidifying the reliability of results. Our investigation provided a crucial resource for further research on the subject by demonstrating a causal relationship between ORCA and MICB, CTSA, and MMP9.

Assessing Oral Cancer Knowledge and Awareness among Dental Patients of Bengaluru City, India

Abstract Background Oral cancer (OC) is prevalent in India, with serious social and economic ramifications on the public, often resulting in poverty and societal imbalance. Knowledge of the risk factors and signs and symptoms may reduce the OC burden on the society. Objectives To assess the knowledge regarding risk factors and clinical indicators in early detection and prevention of OC among dental patients. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study, interviewer-administered questionnaire was conducted among 540 adult patients attending the outpatient department of dental hospital. The questionnaire contained items about participants' characteristics, including demographics, education level, and knowledge about major risk factors: use of tobacco products, alcohol, diet/nutrition, family cancer history, oral hygiene habits and dental aspects, and clinical presentation of OC. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data, and the significance threshold was set at p = 0.05. The subjects were counseled immediately after completion of the questionnaire regarding tobacco cessation, and was given advice on diet, oral hygiene maintenance, and other lifestyle modifications. Results A solid understanding of signs and symptoms was demonstrated by 72%. However, two-thirds of this group were unaware of the symptoms associated with OC. As for OC risk factors such as tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption, 61.6% expressed good knowledge. Of the total, 38.3% reported visiting a dentist at least once a year for dental issues in the past 3 years, yet none of them had undergone OC screening. Additionally, less than 10% of the patients received OC counseling or tobacco cessation intervention from a dentist. Conclusion Knowledge of OC risk factors and signs and symptoms were average, which may adversely affect the practices regarding prevention and early detection.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Oral Cancer Among Dental Students From Two Private Colleges in Pakistan: A Comparative Study.

Globally, oral cancer is still a major public health concern, with different lifestyle and socioeconomic variables influencing its occurrence. This study compared the prevalence and risk factors of oral cancer among students from private colleges in Pakistan, identifying patterns and variations in risk profiles within this group. This six-month cross-sectional research was carried out at Azra Naheed Dental College and Rahbar College of Dentistry, two private dental institutions in Lahore, Pakistan. Four hundred and thirty students between the ages of 18 and 30 who were split evenly between the two schools made up the sample. A well-structured questionnaire including lifestyle variables, oral cancer awareness, and demographic information was used to gather data. Dental practitioners with training conducted clinical oral exams to look for any indications of oral lesions. The demographic variables were summed up using descriptive statistics, and the relationships between risk factors and the prevalence of oral cancer were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used to define statistical significance. Among the 430 students, 215 were from Azra Naheed Dental College and 215 were from Rahbar College of Dentistry; 12 students (5.58%) at Azra Naheed and 19 students (8.84%) at Rahbar College were found to have oral lesions. Regarding lifestyle factors, 69 students (32.22%) at Azra Naheed and 62 students (28.89%) at Rahbar College reported current tobacco use. Regular betel quid chewing was observed in 93 students (43.33%) at Azra Naheed compared to 77 students (35.56%) at Rahbar College. Dietary habits showed that 148 students (68.89%) at Azra Naheed and 138 students (64.44%) at Rahbar College consumed a diet high in processed foods. The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified significant risk factors for oral cancer, including current tobacco use (odds ratio (OR) = 2.15, p = 0.001), regular betel quid chewing (OR = 2.87, p < 0.001), and a diet high in processed foods (OR = 1.62, p = 0.021). The research identifies important risk factors for oral cancer among dentistry college students, pointing to the need for focused preventative and educational initiatives to address lifestyle-related concerns.

Epidemiological Profile of Oral Cancer Patients Attending at B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal

Background: Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent and leading causes of mortality in certain regions, like South-Central Asia. The incidence of oral cancer in Nepal is also increasing. Oral cancer is preventable and treatable if diagnosed in an early stage. The study conducted at B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital (BPKMCH) in Bharatpur, Nepal, was aimed at assessing the epidemiological profile of oral cancer patients attending BPKMCH. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess the epidemiological profile of oral cancer, and 50 patients were included in this study during January to July 2023. A semi-structured interview schedule was developed, which has 3 parts, viz., i. socio-demographic variables, ii. Lifestyle-related factors and iii. Clinical profile of oral cancer, to obtain the information from the respondents. Results: The study findings revealed that out of 50 majorities of respondents (88%) were male. According to the religion, most of them (84%) were Hindu, and likewise, according to ethnicity, about half of them (40%) belong to Madeshi, followed by 30% Brahmin/Chhetri. Similarly, most of the respondents (90%) were married. Regarding the exposure to risk factors, half of the respondents (50%) had habits of smoking consumption, More than half (68%) had the habit of tobacco consumption, near to half (40%) had the habit of Gudka consumption, and 68% had the habit of alcohol consumption. None of the respondents had the habits of oral sex or a family history of oral cancer. Similarly, about one-third (30%) of respondents had stage IV, followed by 28% stage II, 26% stage I, and only a few (14%) stages in III disease; all the oral cancer was OSCC. Concerning the treatment modalities, 36% of respondents had surgery, near to one quarter (20%) received chemotherapy, 10% received radiation therapy, and 30% of respondents had surgery with adjuvant therapy. Conclusion: The study found that the majority of oral cancer patients attending BPKMCH were between the ages of 30 and 45 and were predominantly male. Smoking, tobacco, and Gudka consumption are the main risk factors for oral cancer. The risk assessment approach and screening program should be focused on preventing oral cancer.

Predicting oral and esophageal cancers by one model in a Chinese prospective cohort study

ObjectiveOral and esophageal cancers are both upper gastrointestinal cancers that share a number of risk factors. However, most previous risk prediction models only focused on one of these two types of cancer. There is no single model that could predict both cancers simultaneously. Our objective was to develop a model specifically tailored for oral and esophageal cancers. MethodsFrom 1996 to 2007, a total of 431,460 subjects aged 20 and older without a history of cancer at baseline were included and were monitored for an average duration of 7.3 years in Taiwan, China. A total of 704 cases of oral and esophageal cancers were detected. We utilized both univariate and multivariate COX regression for screening predictors and constructing the model. We evaluated the goodness of fit of the model based on discriminatory accuracy, Harrell's C-index, and calibration. ResultsFinally, we developed a Cox regression model using the twelve most significant variables: age, gender, alcohol consumption, betel chewing, smoking status, history of oral ulceration, educational level, marital status, oropharynx status, family history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, volume ratio of blood cell, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. The AUC (area under the curve) for the complete model was 0.82. Additionally, the C-index was 0.807 (with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 0.789 to 0.824) and internal calibration results demonstrated that the model performed well. ConclusionsThis study identified the twelve most significant common risk factors for oral and esophageal cancers and developed a single prediction model that performs well for both types of cancer.

Alcoholism: risk factor for oral cancer and its new rise in a sample in the state of Paraná-Brazil over 30 years

Alcoholism continues to occupy a significant space in the global and Brazilian charts as one of the main risk factors for mouth cancer. Objective: To bring to literature the experience of 30 years of health actions to prevent oral cancer in the state of Paraná. Method: From 1989 to 2018, health actions aimed at preventing oral cancer were carried out in the State of Paraná - Brazil. A systematic anamnesis together with the intra-oral clinical examination was carried out on individuals participating in the campaigns over 30 years of age. Everyone responded to a questionnaire with personal data and reports of risky habits, such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Results: 29,682 people were examined and 6,358 mouth lesions were detected in the evaluated population. With alcoholism, there was an increase in the percentage of patients who consume alcohol from 14.6% between 1989 and 2008 to 16% between 2009 and 2013. After this year, there was a significant increase to 20.7% from 2014 to 2018. Conclusion: Oral cancer prevention campaigns are extremely important, as they help in the early diagnosis of malignant and potentially malignant lesions.

A study of risk factors associated with the presence of oral potentially malignant disorders: a community-based study from Northeastern Thailand

BackgroundThe principal objective of this study is to ascertain the connections between well-known risk factors of oral cancer, including smoking (cigarette and tobacco), alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, irritations in the oral cavity, history of head and neck cancer, and history of working outdoor more than 4 days/week, and the presence of OPMDs within the Thai population.Method349,318 subjects were recruited for initial screening, then 1,483 subjects who had at least 1 risk factor and a suspicious lesion underwent comprehensive oral examinations followed by a clinical diagnosis and then received initial treatment from either oral surgeons or oral medicine specialists. Among these subjects, individuals with at least 1 risk factor and with a clinical diagnosis of OPMDs were classified as cases, while those with at least 1 risk factor but without OPMDs were categorized as controls. The case group comprised a total of 487 subjects, whereas the control group consisted of 996 subjects. Exclusion criteria were known cases of currently having oral cancer or OPMDs.ResultsThe outcomes of the multivariate analysis revealed that among the variables assessed, betel quid (adjusted OR 5.12 [3.93–6.68], p < 0.001) and smoking (adjusted OR 1.46 [1.08–1.97], p = 0.013), there were an association with the presence of OPMDs. Conversely, alcohol drinking, having irritations in the oral cavity, a history of head and neck cancer, and a history of working outdoors more than 4 days/week were not associated with the presence of OPMDs. Furthermore, we also study the synergistic effect of alcohol drinking, irritations in the oral cavity, history of head and neck cancer, and history of working outdoors more than 4 days/week using subgroup analysis. The analysis showed that alcohol consumption combined with smoking or betel quid chewing expressed a significantly increased risk of OPMDs, from 1.46 to 2.03 (OR 2.03 [1.16–3.56], p = 0.014) and from 5.12 to 7.20 (OR 7.20 [3.96–13.09], p < 0.001).ConclusionSmoking and exposure to betel quid were a significant risk factors for the presence of OPMDs. The combination of alcohol with smoking or betel quid chewing was also found to increase the risk of OPMDs in this Thai northeastern population.

Salivary Profile Analysis Based on Oral Cancer Risk Habits: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.

In Indonesia, cultural practices such as betel quid chewing, smoking, and alcohol consumption are prevalent. These practices are known risk factors for oral cancer and may influence the salivary profile, which is essential for maintaining oral health. To compare the salivary profiles of individuals with and without risk factors for oral cancer. The study included 49 individuals identified as having risk factors for oral cancer. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected. Various parameters were measured, including salivary pH, flow rate (FR), thickness, color, turbidity, and the levels of IL-1β and IL-8. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and t-tests. A significant difference was found in salivary IL-1β levels between the two groups (p = 0.009), with higher levels observed in individuals with oral cancer risk factors. Notably, the salivary IL-1β concentrations showed significant differences between the smoking group (p = 0.021; OR = 2.94) and the alcohol-drinking group (p = 0.007; OR = 4.96) compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of salivary viscosity, color, turbidity, flow rate, acidity, or IL-8 levels (p > 0.05). Individuals with risk factors for oral cancer exhibit distinct salivary IL-1β profiles compared to those without such risk factors, particularly those who practice alcohol drinking.

Smoking as a risk factor for Oral Cancer and 30 years of prevention campaigns in the state of Paraná, Brazil

Smoking as a risk factor for Oral Cancer and 30 years of prevention campaigns in the state of Paraná, Brazil

Oral cancer in India.

To describe the epidemiological status of oral cancer (OC) in India along with updates on risk factors, advances and gaps in preventive measures, treatment, costs of care and monitoring. Two national estimates of incidence and mortality were cited, one for 2016 by the Global Burden of Disease India Study and one based on projections for 2020 by GLOBOCAN. The National Cancer Registry Project provided local and regional incidence and trends using data from 2012-2016. Scientific literature, reports of the NCRP, the IARC and government press releases were also consulted. Tobacco and areca nut habits are the major risk factors for OC in India. In the 1980s, intervention studies on oral screening, awareness generation and habit cessation in rural areas reduced tobacco use and oral leukoplakia. Lately, adoption of the tobacco control law and mass media communications have resulted in decreased tobacco use. However, the increasing popularity of highly carcinogenic tobacco products containing areca nut, with evasion of their bans, is increasing OC incidence. Despite advances in care, there is growing incidence of OC, persisting poor awareness about the need to quit tobacco/areca nut/alcohol use and go for screening. Major efforts are needed to implement preventive activities.

Assessing Oral Cancer Awareness Among Dental Students in Van Province, Turkey

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess and compare oral cancer awareness among 3rd year and 5th year undergraduate dental students in Faculty of Dentistry, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University. Methods: A validated questionnaire testing oral cancer awareness was distributed to third and fifth year dental students at Faculty of Dentistry, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University. A total of 140 students participated in this survey. Knowledge of oral cancer risk factors and diagnostic procedures, dental students' attitudes towards oral cancers, management practices related to oral cancer and sources of oral cancer information were evaluated using 25 questions. The level of significance was set at p

Exploring the therapeutic mechanisms of resveratrol for treating arecoline-induced malignant transformation in oral epithelial cells: insights into hub targets.

Betel nut chewing is a significant risk factor for oral cancer due to arecoline, its primary active component. Resveratrol, a non-flavonoid polyphenol, possesses anti-cancer properties. It has been shown to inhibit arecoline-induced oral malignant cells in preliminary experiments but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This research therefore aimed to explore the potential therapeutic targets of resveratrol in treating arecoline-induced oral cancer. Data mining identified common targets and hub targets of resveratrol in arecoline-induced oral cancer. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was used to score and validate the expression and clinical significance of these hub targets in head and neck cancer (HNC) tissues. Molecular docking analysis was conducted on the hub targets. The effect of resveratrol intervention on hub targets was verified by experiments. Sixty-one common targets and 15 hub targets were identified. Hub targets were highly expressed in HNC and were associated with unfavorable prognoses. They played a role in HNC metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and invasion. Their expression also affected immune cell infiltration and correlated negatively with sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents such as bleomycin and docetaxel. Experiments demonstrated that resveratrol down-regulated the expression of the hub targets, inhibited their proliferation and invasion, and induced apoptosis. Resveratrol inhibits the arecoline-induced malignant phenotype of oral epithelial cells by regulating the expression of some target genes, suggesting that resveratrol may be used not only as an adjuvant treatment for oral cancer, but also as an adjuvant for oral cancer prevention due to its low toxicity and high efficacy. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

The association between smoking and smokeless tobacco use with dental caries among Pakistani patients

BackgroundTobacco use is widely recognised as a significant risk factor for oral cancer and periodontal diseases. However, the relationship between various types of tobacco use and dental caries has been inconsistent. This study aimed to determine the association between smoking and smokeless tobacco and dental caries among patients in a tertiary care hospital in Quetta, Pakistan.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to March 2021 among patients in a tertiary care hospital in Quetta, Pakistan. Oral examinations and interviews were performed according to the WHO Oral Health Survey basic methods (5th edition) to determine dental caries status, tobacco use, and oral health behaviours. The odds ratio and binary logistic regression were analysed to assess the association between the types (smoking tobacco, smokeless tobacco, and use of both types), duration, and frequency of tobacco use and high caries level (DMFT ≥ 5).ResultsFour hundred participants aged 18–65 were included, and 67.8% were tobacco users. Use of both smoking and smokeless tobacco (aOR = 14.7, 95%CI = 1.87–115.96, p = 0.011), smokeless tobacco only (aOR = 5.90, 95%CI = 1.89–18.37, p = 0.002), and smoking only (aOR = 2.18, 95%CI = 1.23–3.88, p = 0.008) were associated with significantly increased risk of high caries. Using tobacco for longer periods and more frequently daily also significantly increases the risk of high caries.ConclusionSmoking and smokeless tobacco are significantly associated with high dental caries after adjusting for other factors. Due to the high severity of dental caries and the high prevalence of tobacco use among Pakistani patients in this study, it is highly recommended to strengthen policies aimed at reducing tobacco usage, including smokeless forms.

Assessing the information provided regarding oral cancer by dental practice websites within the Greater Manchester area.

With increasing numbers of oral cancer diagnoses and guidance recommending that patients approach their doctors or dentists for assessments, when searching for information regarding mouth cancer, patients may first look to their dental practice website. This study aimed to evaluate the variance of patient information provided regarding oral cancer on dental practice websites. Dental practices within the Manchester area with an active website were included with assessment of whether there was any information provided regarding reducing oral cancer risk factors, signs to look out for and if oral cancer screening was included as part of the general check-up, using a three-point score based on the joint statement from the British and Irish Society for Oral Medicine (BISOM) and Cancer Research UK (CRUK) regarding oral cancer diagnosis and prevention. In total, 66.6% (n=60) of practices provided no accessible information regarding oral cancer screening and prevention on their websites. Only 12.2% (n=11) discussed all three factors of oral screening, symptoms and reducing risk factors. Screening as part of routine examination was most frequently mentioned at 27% (n=24), risk factors were discussed by 23% (n=21) of practices and symptoms to be aware of by 13% (n=12). There is a lack of information available to patients on dental practice websites regarding oral cancer. To overcome lack of quality assurance on the internet, dentists can provide factual information via their dental practice websites. This could help with improving patient awareness and therefore aiding in early detection, improving patient outcomes.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Towards Oral Cancer Among Dental Practitioners in the Northeastern Region of India: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey.

This study aimed to review the overall knowledge of oral cancer based on its clinical presentation as well as associated risk factors, attitudes towards oral cancer examination, and practices among dentists in the northeastern region of India. A total of 300 dentists practicing in various parts of the northeastern region participated in this online cross-sectional study. A questionnaire consisting of 26 questions was mailed to the dentists requesting them to fill in the survey form. Based on their responses, knowledge of the risk factors of oral cancer, information on attitudes towards oral cancer examination, and clinical practices were attained. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Descriptive statistics was used for demographic variables. Unpaired t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the mean knowledge scores with demographic variables. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. Overall, the knowledge of the risk factors of oral cancer was low among dentists. The majority were not familiar with the proper physical oral examination steps and considered oral medicine specialists to have a vital role. This study revealed areas in which the knowledge, attitudes, and practices were good to below average and identified areas where improvement is required. Gaps in dentists' knowledge of oral cancer could be identified; dentists displayed substandard knowledge of the clinical presentation as well as risk factors of oral potentially malignant disorders.

Periodontitis and the risk of oral cancer: a meta-analysis of case-control studies.

The current studies have yielded inconclusive findings regarding the connection between periodontitis and oral cancer (OC). Therefore, our goal is to elucidate this relationship. We conducted a thorough search of electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) up to September 2023. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was applied to assess study quality. To evaluate potential publication bias, both a funnel plot and Egger's test were employed. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore the source of heterogeneity when the I2 statistic exceeded 50%. This systematic review encompassed 16 studies, involving a total of 6,032 OC patients and 7,432 healthy controls. Our meta-analysis, incorporating data from nine studies, revealed a significant correlation between periodontitis and the risk of OC (OR [odds ratio] = 2.94, 95% CI [confidence interval] (2.13, 4.07); five studies, 6,927 participants; low certainty of evidence). Findings also suggested that individuals with more than 15 missing teeth may have a heightened risk of OC (OR = 1.91, 95% CI (1.01, 3.62)). Furthermore, clinical attachment loss (CAL) and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) in OC patients were more pronounced compared to the control group (CAL, SMD = 1.94, 95% CI (0.22, 3.66); DMFT, SMD= 0.65, 95% CI (0.12, 1.18)). Periodontitis may serve as a potential risk factor for OC. However, caution is warranted in interpreting these findings due to the substantial level of heterogeneity.

Prevalence of Xerostomia and Hyposalivation Among Individuals Attending Oral Cancer Screening in Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study.

It has been speculated that the prevalence of xerostomia and hyposalivation might be higher among individuals attending oral cancer screening than among members of the general population. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence of these conditions and their associated factors among individuals taking part in oral cancer screening and residing in the northeastern provinces of Thailand. This cross-sectional study recruited convenient individuals aged ≥40 years with at least one oral cancer risk factor. In total, 561 participants were included. Demographic characteristics and relevant oral cancer risk factors were recorded. A questionnaire comprising five items was used to assess xerostomia. Participants were then categorized into two groups based on the absence or presence of xerostomia. Subsequently, the stimulated salivary flow rate was assessed using the spitting technique to identify hyposalivation. Participants were then separated into two groups depending on the absence or presence of hyposalivation. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were then performed to identify factors associated with xerostomia or hyposalivation. The mean age of participants was 65.62 ± 9.70 years, and approximately 60% of participants were post-menopausal women. The prevalence of xerostomia was 43.85%, and the prevalence of hyposalivation was 61.50%. It was revealed that age ≥65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.57, P = 0.02) and burning sensation in the mouth (OR = 5.36, P < 0.001) were strongly associated with xerostomia. Female participants were more likely to exhibit hyposalivation (OR = 2.38, P = 0.001). Oral cancer risk factors were not associated with xerostomia or hyposalivation. In this study, age ≥65 years and burning sensation were identified as risk factors for xerostomia, whereas female sex was a risk factor for hyposalivation. Dentists should be aware of both conditions. Various interventions to alleviate dry mouth symptoms might be useful for individuals with these risk factors.

Clinical Presentation, Tumour Characteristics, Sociodemographic, And Lifestyle-Related Factors of Oral Cancer In Patients Visiting Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Pakistan

Clinical Presentation, Tumour Characteristics, Sociodemographic, And Lifestyle-Related Factors of Oral Cancer In Patients Visiting Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Pakistan