Risk Factor For Maladjustment Research Articles

Human-Computer Interaction: Lights, Shadows, and Spotlights

In the last decades, Information and Computer Technology (ICT) has become part and parcel of our lives, bringing undeniable advantages, especially in the workplace, both to individuals and organizations. Nonetheless, the increasingly massive use of ICT also contributed to a higher risk for maladaptive effects on quality of life, thus jeopardizing workers’ well-being. From the perspective of the organizational safety approach, the study of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is crucial. Despite this, so far, much attention has been paid to ergonomics and to technostress, but mostly from a sectorial perspective and disregarding several additional phenomena. In this conceptual paper, a multidimensional model able to go beyond the ergonomic features necessary to set a functional physical environment and facilitate the isomorphism mind-ICT is advocated. We point out a modern approach aimed at exploring additional dimensions underpinning HCI in the workplace, with a dual purpose: to highlight possible risk factors for maladjustment and to pave the way for intervention strategies to facilitate a healthy HCI.

Sex differences in bidirectional associations between conduct problems and cannabis use across two years of adolescence

BackgroundThere is a large body of research that has identified bidirectional associations between conduct problems and cannabis use. Despite growing knowledge regarding comorbidities between conduct problems and cannabis use, it remains unclear whether these findings generalize across both males and females. The current study examined sex differences in longitudinal associations between conduct problems and cannabis use in a predominantly Hispanic sample of adolescents followed over a two-year period. MethodsParticipants were 401 adolescents (89.8% Hispanic, 46% female; Mage = 15.5) taking part in a two-year longitudinal investigation examining the associations between neurocognitive functioning and cannabis use. The sample consisted predominantly of youth selected for risk of cannabis escalation, with 90% reporting using cannabis, nicotine, or alcohol prior to baseline. Negative binomial cross-lagged regressions and simple slope difference tests were used for all analyses. ResultsWe found support for bidirectional associations between conduct problems and cannabis use, controlling for demographics, covariates, and baseline frequencies. Simple slope difference tests revealed that there was a significant, positive association between baseline cannabis use and subsequent conduct problems among females but not males. In contrast, the association between baseline conduct problems and subsequent frequency of cannabis use did not differ as a function of sex. ConclusionsOur results underscore the importance of viewing cannabis use as a risk factor for maladjustment rather than solely as a consequence, particularly among female adolescents. Information gained from temporal sequencing of cannabis use and conduct problem symptoms can guide the selection of intervention programs for referred youth.

The Reliability and Validity of a Modified Revised Class Play Examined in Dutch Elementary-School Children

Abstract. Social withdrawal in children is a risk factor for maladjustment. The Revised Class Play (RCP; Masten, Morison, & Pelligrini, 1985 ) has often been used to identify children’s behavioral difficulties with peers. However, in previous studies the sensitive-isolated scale of the RCP appeared to measure a mixture of different types of withdrawal, including withdrawal from peers and exclusion by peers. In the present study the original RCP was modified to more clearly distinguish withdrawal from the peer group from behavior associated with exclusion by peers. Two studies in Dutch samples of 8–13-year-old children were conducted to examine the reliability and validity of this modified Revised Class Play. Both studies revealed three scales: Sociability-Leadership, Aggressive-Disruptive, and a third factor labeled Anxious-Withdrawn. Anxious-Withdrawn primarily reflected social reticence. Stability of the scales after two years was high. High scores on the Anxious-Withdrawn scale were best predicted by teacher ratings of timid and anxious behavior and by negative self-perceptions of social competence. The results support the reliability and validity of the modified RCP in a Dutch sample.

Desviación social entre adolescentes inmigrantes procedentes de la antigua Unión Soviética en Israel: Datos y factores de riesgo.

This paper describes the adjustment problems of immigrant adolescents from the former Soviet Union (FSU) in Israel and discussed risk factors for these problems. Adolescents from FSU immigrant families, native- and foreign-born, comprised in the last decade between 11% and 10% of their age-group in Israel. Presented are recent public data on education-related problems, substance abuse and delinquency among these adolescents. The data indicate that: a) FSU immigrants are highly over-represented among maladjusted students in schools and among those who drop out of school; b) the use of alcohol and cigarettes is more common among FSU immigrant youth than among Israeli non-immigrant adolescents as is the use of ecstasy; c) the rate of involvement of FSU immigrant adolescents in criminal activity is considerable and surpasses their relative weight in the population. Economic hardships and difficulties to integrate into the new society combine as risk factors for maladjustment and delinquency among FSU immigrant adolescents. However, the decisive factor that determines the extent of their maladjustment is the quality of family functioning – family cohesion and relationships, parental functioning and the support extended to immigrant youths by their parents.

Long-Term Psychological Functioning of Adults with Severe Congenital Facial Disfigurement

In adults with severe congenital facial disfigurement, assessment of long-term psychological impact remains limited. This study determines the long-term psychological functioning in these patients and evaluates differences compared with patients with acquired facial disfigurement and a non-facially disfigured reference group. Also explored is the extent to which psychological functioning of the congenital group is related to satisfaction with facial appearance, fear of negative appearance evaluation by others, self-esteem, and severity of the facial deformity. Fifty-nine adults with severe congenital facial disfigurement, 59 adults with a traumatically acquired facial deformity in adulthood, and 120 non-facially disfigured adults completed standardized psychological, physical, and demographic questionnaires, including the Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Achenbach Adult Self-Report, the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and a visual analogue scale. Adults with severe congenital facial disfigurement had relatively normal psychological functioning but appeared more prone to internalizing problems than the non-facially disfigured adults. Compared with patients with an acquired facial deformity, the congenital group displayed fewer problems on the physical component score of quality of life only. Satisfaction with facial appearance, fear of negative appearance evaluation, and self-esteem were good predictors of the different aspects of psychological functioning, with the exception of the physical component score of quality of life. Improving satisfaction with facial appearance (by surgery), enhancing self-esteem, or lowering fear of negative appearance evaluation (by psychological support) may enhance long-term psychological functioning. Future research should focus on the individual patient and risk factors for maladjustment. Risk, II.

Parental Background, Social Disadvantage, Public “Care,” and Psychological Problems in Adolescence and Adulthood

To assess whether the structure of the parental background (birth, restructured, widowed, single) or the context (severe social disadvantage or care) in childhood is associated with psychological problems in adolescence and adulthood. Data on 8,441 cohort members of the National Child Development Study were used to explore the impact of parental background on maladjustment at age 16, as assessed by the Rutter A Health and Behaviour Checklist, and psychological distress at age 33, as assessed by the Malaise Inventory. Restructured parenting (without disadvantage or care) was not a risk factor for maladjustment at age 16. Rather, a childhood experience of care or social disadvantage was significantly related to psychosocial problems at age 16. Psychological distress at age 33 was associated with maladjustment at age 16. A childhood experience of care was associated with a tendency to adult psychological distress in men, as was growing up with a single parent. It is not the structure of the family background but the context that is more strongly associated with maladjustment in adolescence. A childhood experience of single parenthood and an experience of care predicted adult psychological distress in men but not in women.

Psychosocial adjustment after gynecologic cancer treatment: a longitudinal study on risk factor for maladjustment

International Journal of Gynecology & ObstetricsVolume 70, Issue S1 p. A30-A30 Gynecological oncology Psychosocial adjustment after gynecologic cancer treatment: a longitudinal study on risk factor for maladjustment Y.M. Chan, Y.M. ChanSearch for more papers by this authorH.Y.S Ngan, H.Y.S NganSearch for more papers by this authorP.S.F. Yip, P.S.F. YipSearch for more papers by this authorB.Y.G. Li, B.Y.G. LiSearch for more papers by this authorO.W.K. Lau, O.W.K. LauSearch for more papers by this authorG.W.K. Tang, G.W.K. TangSearch for more papers by this author Y.M. Chan, Y.M. ChanSearch for more papers by this authorH.Y.S Ngan, H.Y.S NganSearch for more papers by this authorP.S.F. Yip, P.S.F. YipSearch for more papers by this authorB.Y.G. Li, B.Y.G. LiSearch for more papers by this authorO.W.K. Lau, O.W.K. LauSearch for more papers by this authorG.W.K. Tang, G.W.K. TangSearch for more papers by this author First published: 09 December 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(00)82051-2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume70, IssueS12000Pages A30-A30 RelatedInformation

Children of chronic pain patients: risk factors for maladjustment

Recent research has documented negative effects of chronic pain problems on patients' spouses and children. This study examined the adjustment of children of 35 chronic pain patients, compared with children of 29 healthy controls, and the relationship of specific parental characteristics to child adjustment. Pain group children had significantly more teacher-rated behavior problems and significantly lower teacher-rated social competence than did control group children. Children of male patients were rated by parents as significantly less socially competent than children of female patients. Compared with controls, pain patients and their spouses reported significantly more depression, and pain patients were significantly more disabled. Patient functional disability was significantly associated with parent-rated child behavior problems, but group membership, patient gender, patient depression, and patient marital satisfaction were not. Child social competence was predicted by patient gender, but was not predicted by patient depression or disability, group membership, or by patient marital satisfaction. The results suggest that children of chronic pain patients may be at risk for adjustment problems.

Income Level, Gender, Ethnicity, and Household Composition as Predictors of Children's School-based Competence

In the United States, being black, male, or growing up in a low-income and/or single-parent household have all been identified as risk factors for maladjustment during childhood. Interpretation of these findings is, however, often difficult because of the well-known associations among these variables. In the present study, we compared predictions of 3 different forms of children's competence from each of these 4 variables. In a sample of 868 black and white elementary school children from 2-parent and mother-headed 1-parent homes, we studied 3 aspects of school-based competence: conduct, peer relations, and academic achievement. Results showed that although the independent variables accounted for different amounts of variance in each domain of competence, income level and gender were better overall predictors of children's competence in conduct and peer relations than were ethnicity or household composition. Income level and ethnicity were better overall predictors of academic achievement than were gender or household composition, although each of the 4 variables made a significant contribution. Overall, income level and gender were thus the strongest predictors of children's competence. Black children were, however, more likely than white children to live in low-income homes. Our results thus highlighted some correlates of the unequal distribution of economic resources among black and white children growing up in the United States today.

Risk Factors for Maladjustment in Puerto Rican Children

Data are presented on risk factors for childhood psychopathology derived from a study of an island-wide probability sample of children in Puerto Rico aged 4 through 16 years. Analyses estimated the effects of 12 demographic, health, and family variables on the probability of being a “case,” using two different operational definitions of caseness, as well as on the probability of receiving the diagnoses of oppositional disorder, attention deficit disorder, separation anxiety, depression, functional enuresis, and adjustment disorder. When compared to other findings, the results from these analyses indicate that the relationship between maladjustment and the risk factors evaluated does not appear to be culturally specific.