Risk Factor For Lung Function Research Articles

Organic Wood Dust Exposure as a Risk Factor for Lung Function Disorders in Workers : Systematic Review

Wood dust is wood particles that result from wood processing and handling. The level of fine dust in the work environment can expose to workers breathing and cause lung function disorders. Obstructive lung function disorders, namely blockages that make it difficult for air to escape from the lungs, resulting in a decrease in airflow velocity. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine wood dust exposure and risk factors for impaired lung function for workers. Article searches carried out through the Portal Garuda Indonesia, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. There are 9 articles reviewed. Exposure to wood dust was assessed as a significant risk factor for impaired lung function in workers as seen from the statistical analysis results in each study showing that the p-value < 0.05. The risk factors that were stated to have a significant relationship were the concentration of wood dust, gender, work location, use of personal protective equipment (mask), length of work, and smoking habits. Exposure to wood dust increases the risk of impaired lung function in workers, with dust levels ranging from 1.15 mg/m3– 24 mg/m3.

The Consensus Definition of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Is an Adequate Predictor of Lung Function at Preschool Age.

BackgroundRecent attempts to refine the definition bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have based its predictive capacity on respiratory outcome in the first 2 years of life, eliminating the pre-existing requirement of 28 days of oxygen therapy prior to 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). The objective of this study was to assess the utility of the 2001 consensus definition in predicting impaired lung function at preschool age.MethodsThis cohort study included children aged 4–6 years old who were born at gestational age (GA) <32 weeks or bodyweight <1500 g. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess differences in antenatal and neonatal variables between BPD and non-BPD children. All participants underwent incentive spirometry. Lung function parameters were contrasted with the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI-2012) reference equations and, together with antenatal and neonatal variables, compared among the different subgroups (no BPD, mild BPD, and moderate-to-severe BPD). A multivariate model was generated to identify independent risk factors for impaired lung function.ResultsGA, hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, and late sepsis were independent risk factors for the development of BPD. A total of 119 children underwent incentive spirometry. All lung function parameters were significantly altered relative to reference values. Greater impairment of lung function was observed in the mild BPD vs. the no BPD group (forced expiratory volume in the first 0.75 seconds [FEV0.75]: −1.18 ± 0.80 vs. −0.55 ± 1.13; p = 0.010), but no difference in forced vital capacity (FVC) was observed (−0.32 ± 0.90 vs. −0.18 ± 1; p = 0.534). The moderate-to-severe BPD group exhibited the most severe FEV0.75 reduction (FEV0.75: −2.63 ± 1.18 vs. −0.72 ± 1.08; p = 0.000) and was the only condition with FVC impairment (FVC: −1.82 ± 1.12 vs. −0.22 ± 0.87; p = 0.000). The multivariate analysis identified a diagnosis of moderate-to-severe BPD as an independent risk factor for lung function impairment.ConclusionThe 2001 consensus definition of BPD has adequate predictive capacity for lung function measured by spirometry at 4–6 years of age. Moderate-to-severe BPD was the best predictor of respiratory impairment. Children with mild BPD showed greater alteration of FEV0.75 than those without BPD.

Early Life Risk Factors for Lung Function During Childhood & Adolescence

Early life risk-factors are important to lung health across the lifespan. We hypothesized that early life exposures and risk factors in participants in the Childhood Origins of ASThma (COAST) birth-cohort study will influence lung function across childhood and adolescence.

Life-course socioeconomic disadvantage and lung function: a multicohort study of 70 496 individuals.

Lung function is an important predictor of health and a marker of physical functioning at older ages. This study aimed to quantify the years of lung function lost according to disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions across the life-course. This multicohort study used harmonised individual-level data from six European cohorts with information on life-course socioeconomic disadvantage and lung function assessed by forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). 70 496 participants (51% female) aged 18-93 years were included. Socioeconomic disadvantage was measured in early life (low paternal occupational position), early adulthood (low educational level) and adulthood (low occupational position). Risk factors for poor lung function (e.g. smoking, obesity, sedentary behaviour, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases) were included as potential mediators. The years of lung function lost due to socioeconomic disadvantage were computed at each life stage. Socioeconomic disadvantage during the life-course was associated with a lower FEV1. By the age of 45 years, individuals experiencing disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions had lost 4-5 years of healthy lung function versus their more advantaged counterparts (low educational level -4.36 (95% CI -7.33--2.37) for males and -5.14 (-10.32--2.71) for females; low occupational position -5.62 (-7.98--4.90) for males and -4.32 (-13.31--2.27) for females), after accounting for the risk factors for lung function. By the ages of 65 years and 85 years, the years of lung function lost due to socioeconomic disadvantage decreased by 2-4 years, depending on the socioeconomic indicator. Sensitivity analysis using FVC yielded similar results to those using FEV1. Life-course socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with lower lung function and predicts a significant number of years of lung function loss in adulthood and at older ages.

Life-Course Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Lung Function in Older Adults: A Multicohort Study of 70 496 Participants from Four European Countries

Background: Lung function is an important predictor of health and a marker of physical functioning at older ages. This study aimed to quantify the years of lung function lost according to disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions across life-course. Methods: This multicohort study used harmonised individual-level data from six European cohorts with information on life-course socioeconomic disadvantage and lung function assessed by FEV1 and FVC. 70496 participants (51% women) aged 18-93 years were included. Socioeconomic disadvantage was measured in early life (low paternal occupational position), early adulthood (low educational level), and adulthood (low occupational position). Risk factors for poor lung function (i.e., smoking, obesity, sedentary behaviour, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases) were included as potential mediators. The years of lung function lost due to socioeconomic disadvantage were computed at each life stage. Findings: Socioeconomic disadvantage during life-course was associated with a lower FEV1. By age 45, individuals experiencing disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions had lost 4 to 5 years of healthy lung function vs their more advantaged counterparts (low educational level: -4.36 [95% CI -7.33 to -2.37] for men and -5.14 [-10.32 to -2.71] for women; low occupational position: -5.62 [-7.98 to -4.90] for men and -4.32 [-13.31 to -2.27] for women), after accounting for the risk factors for lung function. By ages 65 and 85, the years lung function lost due to socioeconomic disadvantage decreased by 2 to 4 years, depending on the socioeconomic indicator. Interpretation: Life-course socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with lower lung function and predicts a considerable number of years of lung function loss in adulthood and older ages. Funding: Foundation for Science and Technology; European Commission; University of Lausanne; Medical Research Council; US National Institute on Aging; NordForsk; Helsinki Institute of Life Science; GlaxoSmithKline; Swiss National Science Foundation; Agence Nationale de la recherche. Declaration of Interests: None declared. Ethics Approval Statement: The relevant local or national ethics committees approved each study, and all participants gave written informed consent to participate.

Risk Factors and Early Symptoms Related to Respiratory Disease in Pedicab Drivers in Surabaya

Various factors which cause respiratory diseases such as smoking, air pollution, and disease history are found in pedicab. The purpose of this study was to understand the risk factors and early symptoms that related to respiratory disease in pedicab drivers. This study used observational cross-sectional design with purposive sampling. Variables that were recorded in this study were lung function risk factors and early symptoms of respiratory disorders. The number of samples was 148 respondents (135 with respiratory disorder and 13 without respiratory disorder). The results of this study found the most common risk factor was air pollution exposure. In 145 respondents (97.97%), the average lung function was 52.56%. The most frequent early symptom was dyspnea with percentage of 7.43% and average lung function value of 26.20%. Air pollution was the most common risk factor and dyspnea was the most common early symptom in pedicab drivers with respiratory disorders in Surabaya.

The effect of occupational exposure to petrol on pulmonary function parameters: a review and meta-analysis.

Introduction Exposure to petrol and gasoline can have harmful effects on the lungs. This review aimed to summarize the reported effects of this exposure on pulmonary function parameters. Methods Relevant studies were identified by a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. Irrelevant studies were excluded. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa score (NOS). The standard mean difference of pulmonary parameters between exposed and unexposed petrol station attendants was pooled using random effects. Meta-regression was used to investigate factors probably related to heterogeneity. Studies affecting the total estimates were assessed during sensitivity analysis. The Egger test was performed to investigate any evidence of publication bias. Results Eventually, 26 studies entered the meta-analysis, and the pooled standard difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, vital capacity (VC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) in the exposed minus unexposed groups was -1.08 L (95% CI: -1.38, -0.78), -0.92 L (-1.15, -0.69), -0.65 (-1.01, -0.30), -0.51 L (-0.96, -0.06), -0.96 L/s (-1.21, -0.69), -0.78 L/s (1.14, -0.42) and -0.58 L/min (-0.90, -0.27), respectively, and showed a decrease in all pulmonary parameters in the exposed group. Conclusion Occupational exposure to petrol fumes is a risk factor for lung function and there is a reverse relation between lung function and the duration of exposure.

Factors Associated With Progression of Lung Function Abnormalities in HIV-Infected Individuals.

HIV is an independent risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; however, baseline risk factors for lung function decline remain largely unknown in this population. HIV-infected participants in the Pittsburgh Lung HIV Cohort with at least 3 pulmonary function measurements between 2007 and 2016 were included. Pulmonary function testing including postbronchodilator (BD) spirometry and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) was performed every 18 months. We used a mixed-effect linear model to evaluate factors associated with pulmonary function testing and DLco decline and logistic regression models to evaluate factors associated with rapid FEV1 decline (defined as >80 mL per year) and any DLco decline. Two hundred eighty-five HIV-infected participants were included. Median baseline CD4 cell count was 521 cells per micro liter, 61.9% had an undetectable HIV viral load at baseline, and 78.5% were receiving ART. Approximately 20% of participants met Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria for a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at baseline. Older age and baseline GOLD stage 1 compared with stage 0 were associated with faster decline in post-BD FEV1%, whereas female sex was associated with slower decline. Similarly, female sex was associated with slower decline in DLco%. HIV-related factors including CD4 cell count, viral load, and ART use were not significantly associated with pulmonary function decline. Older age, male sex, and higher baseline GOLD stage were associated with more rapid post-BD FEV1% decline in HIV-infected individuals.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2—a Potential Genetic Risk Factor for Lung Function among Southern Chinese in China: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2—a Potential Genetic Risk Factor for Lung Function among Southern Chinese in China: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2—a potential genetic risk factor for lung function among southern Chinese: evidence from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

PurposeIn Asia, moderate alcohol users have better lung function. Never users have more inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) alleles (A) potentially generating confounding because inactive alleles may increase acetaldehyde exposure and reduce lung function. MethodsWe examined the association of ALDH2 genotypes with percentage predicted lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second; forced vital capacity) for age, sex, and height among 5641 older Chinese using multivariable linear regression. ResultsALDH2 genotypes were associated with alcohol use and height but not other attributes. Inactive alleles were inversely associated with lung function (percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second −1.52%, 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.52% to −0.51% for one inactive allele and −2.05%, 95% CI, −3.85% to −0.26% for two inactive alleles compared with two active alleles; and for percentage predicted forced vital capacity −1.25%, 95% CI −2.15% to −0.35% and −1.65%, 95% CI, −3.25% to −0.04%). The association of moderate use with lung function was attenuated after adjusting for ALDH2, in addition to other potential confounders. ConclusionsPrevious findings in Chinese may be confounded by ALDH2. High frequency of inactive ALDH2 alleles in East Asia may exacerbate the effect of environmental acetaldehyde exposure on lung function and potentially on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Cumulative exposure to dust and gases as determinants of lung function decline in tunnel construction workers

Aims: To study the relation between lung function decrease and cumulative exposure to dust and gases in tunnel construction workers. Methods: A total of 651 male construction workers (drill and...