Risk Factors For Degenerative Diseases Research Articles

Healthy Status in the Gymnastic Community in West Bandulan, Sukun, Malang

Obesity is a risk factor for various degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Obesity and all degenerative diseases could be prevented by implementing a healthy lifestyle, early detection of risk factors for degenerative diseases, and increasing knowledge about degenerative diseases. Therefore, this service activity aimed to form a healthy community with a program for three consecutive months. Activities included healthy exercise once a week, degenerative disease risk factors screening, and health education. Activities were carried out every Sunday morning for three months located in Bandulan Barat, Sukun District, Malang City. This activity was attended by 40 non-menopausal women. Health screening included waist circumference, random blood glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, and blood pressure. Of the 40 women examined, 39 suffered from central obesity, 6 suffered from hypertension, 4 suspected diabetes mellitus, 5 suffered from hyperlipidemia, and 4 of them suffered from hyperuricemia. As an intervention, participants received education about healthy lifestyles and degenerative diseases, the treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and diabetes mellitus. From healthy screening, central obesity was the most prevalent in this women's community. Healthy exercise community activities with health screening, and health education could be effective strategies for promotive and preventive activities to prevent degenerative obesity.

Genomic Analysis to Determine Genetic Risk Factors in Degenerative Diseases in the Elderly: Challenges and Opportunities in the Genomic Era

This study aims to identify and analyze genetic risk factors associated with degenerative diseases in old age, by utilizing advanced genomic approaches. Amid advances in genomic technology, this research details the challenges and opportunities faced in understanding the genetic basis of complex degenerative diseases. The study methodology involved analysis of complete genome data from an elderly cohort that had been collected over several years. Mapping of genetic variations associated with degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and cardiovascular disease, will be carried out to identify genetic polymorphisms that may act as risk factors. The main challenges of this research include managing large and complex data, interpreting complex genomic results, and understanding the interactions of genes and environmental factors. On the other hand, the opportunity for this research lies in the potential for developing genome-based therapies tailored to an individual's genetic profile, enabling a more precise approach in the prevention and treatment of degenerative diseases. This research contributes valuable insights into the understanding of genetic risk factors for degenerative diseases in the elderly. While challenges in genomic analysis persist, opportunities in the development of customized therapies and a better understanding of gene-environment interactions pave the way for improvements in the prevention and treatment of degenerative diseases in the aging population. Ethical and policy implications must also be seriously considered to ensure the safe and beneficial application of genomic information in the context of public health.

Socialization of Balanced Nutrition with Comic Media and Assistance for Urban Gardening in Waiheru Village

Basic Health Research data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018 showed that nationally the problem of central obesity at the age of 15 years was still serious, namely, 31%, while the prevalence of central obesity at the age of 15 years in Maluku reached 33%. Obesity is becoming a health problem worldwide; even the WHO states that obesity has become a global epidemic. Obesity is a health problem that must address immediately because it is a risk factor for degenerative diseases and metabolic syndrome. Obesity in adolescents needs to get serious attention, be consistent, and be addressed together. To improve health status and optimize adolescent growth and development, it is necessary to apply a healthy diet through the socialization of balanced nutrition with comic media and implementation assistance. Urban gardening for teenagers through mosque youth can be an effort to implement healthy eating patterns for teenagers for optimal nutrition and health status.

Physical activity, exercise habits, and body mass index of adults

Introduction: The risk of degenerative diseases begins to appear in adulthood. Physical activity and exercise habits prevent the incidence of obesity which is a risk factor for degenerative diseases' emergence. Therefore, this study aims toexamine the relationship between physical activity, exercise habits, body mass index, and fat mass percentage.
 Design and Methods: This study used an analytic observational cross-sectional design and 32 office workers in Surabaya aged 28-56 years were selected by simple random sampling technique. The data collected included measurements of physical activity, exercise habits, anthropometry, and body composition, which were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test.
 Results: The results showed that 46.9% of participants had moderate activity, 43.8% exercised 1-2x a week, 56.3% exercised for 20-60 minutes, 56.30% had a low exercise intensity, 62.50% had an overweight body mass index, and 71.9% had overfat mass percentage. Spearman's rank test showed a significant relationship between energy intake, physical activity, exercise frequency, duration and intensity, and body mass index as well as between energy intake, physical activity, exercise intensity, and body fat percentage.
 Conclusions: Increased physical activity and exercise habits were associated with decreased BMI and body fat percentage.

Benefits of Fiber-Rich Snacks on Waist Circumference and Atergenic Index of Plasma in Obese

TitleBenefits Of Fiber-Rich Snacks to Prevent the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease by Reducing Waist Circumference dnd Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Obese Author(s): Fatma Syukrina, Sunarti, Ika Ratna Palupi Affiliation: Departement of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, Farmako Street, North Sekip, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281 Abstract: Background and aimsObesity, which is marked by an increase in waist circumference, is one of the risk factors for degenerative diseases including cardiovascular disease which is characterized by an increase in atherogenic index of plasma. Dietary fiber decreases the speed of gastric emptying which maintains satiety and decrease appetite through the secretion of the hormones GLP-1 and PYY. These effects is believed can reduce the waist circumference and atherogenic index of plasma in obese. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fiber-rich snacks on waist circumference and atherogenic index of plasma in obese. Material and MethodsThis study uses a quasi-experimental study design that use control group with pre-post test intervention. A total of 40 adults age 19-60 years old with obesity were recruited. From Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The Intervention group were asked to consume fiber-rich snacks as much as 42 grams/day for 6 weeks. The fiber-rich snacks made into chip from Dioscorea esculenta, Arrowroot, Cassava and Pumpkin. Waist circumference was measured using midline, while the atherogenic index of plasma was measured and calculated as follows: Log10(Triglyceride [TG] /High-Density Lipoprotein [HDL-C]. Paired t-test was used to evaluate the results. ResultsThe fiber-rich snacks intervention in obese was significantly reduce waist circumference and atherogenic index of plasma in obese (p<0.05) ConclusionsThis study shows that fiber-rich snacks has a positive effect in reducing waist circumference and atherogenic index of plasma in obese. Therefore, fiber-rich snacks can be considered for daily consumtion to prevent cardiovascular disease

Risk factors of chronic subscapularis tendon tear.

Chronic subscapularis tendon tear (SBT) is a degenerative disease and a common pathologic cause of shoulder pain. Several potential risk factors for chronic SBT have been reported. Although metabolic abnormalities are common risk factors for degenerative disease, their potential etiological roles in chronic SBT remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential risk factors for chronic SBT, with particular attention to metabolic factors. This study evaluated single shoulders of 939 rural residents. Each subject undertook a questionnaire, physical examinations, blood tests, and simple radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations of bilateral shoulders. Subscapularis tendon integrity was determined by MRI findings based on the thickness of the involved tendons. The association strengths of demographic, physical, social, and radiologic factors, comorbidities, severity of rotator cuff tear (RCT), and serologic parameters for SBT were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. The significance of those analyses was set at p<0.05. The prevalence of SBT was 32.2% (302/939). The prevalence of partial- and full-thickness tears was 23.5% (221/939) and 8.6% (81/939), respectively. The prevalence of isolated SBT was 20.2% (190/939), SBT combined with supraspinatus or infraspinatus tendon tear was 11.9% (112/939). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, dominant side involvement (p<0.001), manual labor (p=0.002), diabetes (p<0.001), metabolic syndrome (p<0.001), retraction degree of Patte tendon (p<0.001), posterosuperior RCT (p=0.010), and biceps tendon injury (p<0.001) were significantly associated with SBT. Metabolic syndrome is a potential risk factor for SBT, as are these factors: overuse activity, diabetes, posterosuperior RCT, increased retraction of posterosuperior rotator cuff tendon, and biceps tendon injury.

Peran Edukasi Gizi terhadap Pengetahuan Gizi Seimbang dan Aktivitas Fisik pada Siswa SMA/Sederajat di Banten

Obesity is one of the most common nutritional problems in adolescents. The report from Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) showed an increase the prevalence of obesity in adolescents, as 7.5% (2013) and 9.5% (2018). Obesity is also a risk factor for degenerative diseases. This activity was held to provide information on balanced nutrition guidelines and physical activity to prevent obesity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Education on balanced nutrition guidelines and physical activity was held by Zoom meeting. The targets of this activity were students in senior high school in Banten. The results showed that there was an increase of average knowledge score after nutrition education, from 7.48 to 14.09, and there was a significant difference between knowledge scores before and after the nutrition education (p value = 0.000). This results shows that the online method using zoom meeting is one of choice for the implementation of nutrition education in the community during the Covid-19 pandemic.&#x0D;

Molecular and metabolic effects of extra-virgin olive oil on the cardiovascular gene signature in rodents

Background and aimsOverweight and obesity are major risk factors for degenerative diseases, including cardiometabolic disorders and cancer. Research on fat and fatty acids’ type is attracting less attention than that on carbohydrates. High adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with a better prognosis. One characteristic of the Mediterranean diet is extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) as the foremost source of dietary fat. EVOO is different from other vegetable oils because it contains peculiar “minor” components, mainly phenolic in nature. Even though olive oil is highly caloric, unrestricted use of olive oil in the PREDIMED trial did not result in weight gain. We sought to study the effects of EVOO in an appropriate mouse model of increased body weight. Furthermore, we explored the biochemical and metabolomic responses to EVOO consumption. Methods and resultsC57BL/6N male mice were weight-matched and fed ad libitum with the following diets, for 16 weeks: 1) saturated fatty acid diet (SFA) or 2) extra-virgin olive oil diet (EVOO), a custom-prepared diet, isocaloric compared to SFA, in which 82% of fat was replaced by high (poly)phenol EVOO. We evaluated glucose homeostasis, serum biochemistry and plasma metabolomics, in addition to cardiac and hepatic gene profile, and mitochondrial respiration rate. ConclusionReplacing saturated fatty acids (e.g. lard) with EVOO translates into moderate yet beneficial cardiometabolic and hepatic effects. Future research will further clarify the mechanisms of action of EVOO (poly)phenols and their role in a balanced diet.

Obesity, Smoking, Physical Activity, Hypertension: Models of Stroke Causes in South Sulawesi Province

Lifestyle changes have led to an increase in cases of non-communicable diseases in Indonesia, including hypertension and stroke. Unhealthy eating behavior, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, stress, and lack of physical activity are risk factors for degenerative diseases, besides the other risk factors such as age, gender, and heredity. This research aimed to determine the factor of obesity, smoking behavior, physical activity, and hypertension on the incidence of stroke in South Sulawesi Province. The method of research was analytic observational with a case-control approach. The case group was stroke patients as many as 750 cases and the control group was non-stroke patients as many as 750 cases. Data analysis using Path analysis. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between stroke and hypertension with a path coefficient value of 0.33, the relationship between physical activity and the incidence of stroke through hypertension with a path coefficient value of 0.13, obesity and the incidence of stroke through hypertension with a path coefficient value of 0, 21, there is a relationship between smoking and the incidence of stroke through hypertension with a path coefficient value of 0.08. Hypertension is a risk factor that directly affects the incidence of stroke compared to other risk factors. however, all of these risk factors can be reduced, especially by doing routine and regular physical activity every day.

Molecular processes mediating hyperhomocysteinemia-induced metabolic reprogramming, redox regulation and growth inhibition in endothelial cells

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an established and potent independent risk factor for degenerative diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), Alzheimer disease, type II diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. HHcy has been shown to inhibit proliferation and promote inflammatory responses in endothelial cells (EC), and impair endothelial function, a hallmark for vascular injury. However, metabolic processes and molecular mechanisms mediating HHcy-induced endothelial injury remains to be elucidated. This study examined the effects of HHcy on the expression of microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA in human aortic EC treated with a pathophysiologically relevant concentration of homocysteine (Hcy 500 μM). We performed a set of extensive bioinformatics analyses to identify HHcy-altered metabolic and molecular processes. The global functional implications and molecular network were determined by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) followed by Cytoscape analysis. We identified 244 significantly differentially expressed (SDE) mRNA, their relevant functional pathways, and 45 SDE miRNA. HHcy-altered SDE inversely correlated miRNA-mRNA pairs (45 induced/14 reduced mRNA) were discovered and applied to network construction using an experimentally verified database. We established a hypothetical model to describe the biochemical and molecular network with these specified miRNA/mRNA axes, finding: 1) HHcy causes metabolic reprogramming by increasing glucose uptake and oxidation, by glycogen debranching and NAD+/CoA synthesis, and by stimulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production via NNT/IDH2 suppression-induced NAD+/NADP-NADPH/NADP+ metabolism disruption; 2) HHcy activates inflammatory responses by activating inflammasome-pyroptosis mainly through ↓miR193b→↑CASP-9 signaling and by inducing IL-1β and adhesion molecules through the ↓miR29c→↑NEDD9 and the ↓miR1256→↑ICAM-1 axes, as well as GPCR and interferon α/β signaling; 3) HHcy promotes cell degradation by the activation of lysosome autophagy and ubiquitin proteasome systems; 4) HHcy causes cell cycle arrest at G1/S and S/G2 transitions, suppresses spindle checkpoint complex and cytokinetic abscission, and suppresses proliferation through ↓miRNA335/↑VASH1 and other axes. These findings are in accordance with our previous studies and add a wealth of heretofore-unexplored molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying HHcy-induced endothelial injury. This is the first study to consider the effects of HHcy on both global mRNA and miRNA expression changes for mechanism identification. Molecular axes and biochemical processes identified in this study are useful not only for the understanding of mechanisms underlying HHcy-induced endothelial injury, but also for discovering therapeutic targets for CVD in general.

Konsumsi zat gizi dan parameter lemak tubuh pada wanita umur lebih dari 40 tahun

Food intake and body fat parameter among women older than 40 years old in DenpasarBackground: The prevalence of obesity in Indonesia tends to increase, particularly among women older than 40 years old.Objective: This study aimed to identify the associations between nutrient consumption and parameters of body fat among women in Denpasar.Methods: This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The population was women aged older than 40 years old in Denpasar with sampled population were members Dharma Wanita PDAM Kota Denpasar. Eighty out of 200 women were selected through systematic random sampling method. Variables collected in this study included women’s characteristics, nutrient consumption, and body fat parameters: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist to hip ratio (WHR). Analysis of the relationship between nutrient consumption and body fat parameters using the Spearman Rank correlation.Results: This study found that the majority aged 41-50 years (83.8%), were Balinese (95.0%), have married (98.8%), did not use contraception (65.0%), completed higher education (63.8%), worked in informal sector (60.0%), had low income (65.0%), had no history of obesity (80.0%) and no family with degenerative diseases (73.8%). Based on the body fat parameters, most of the women were obese based on BMI (52.5%), WC (70.0%), and WHR (57.5%) categories. There was a significant association between fiber consumption and waist circumference (p=0.021).Conclusions: There was an association between fiber consumption and waist circumference, thus having a balanced and varied diet is recommended to prevent obesity and reduce risk factors for degenerative diseases.

Nutrition Counseling with and without Modules towards Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude, and Macronutrient Intake among Prediabetic Women

Prediabetes is one of risk factors for degenerative diseases. One of the prevention efforts is by improving the knowledge of nutrition and attitude through a counseling program. Modules are used as the media to convey the message of health with the form of words and pictures. The purpose of the study is to analyze the difference between the influence of nutrition counseling with the module and without the module, toward the raise of nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and the adequacy of macronutrients (energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates) in prediabetic women. This study used a quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 29 women ages between 35-50 with prediabetes who were divided into 2 groups: a treatment group provided with modules (n=15); and a control group with no modules provided (n=14). The counselling was done 4 times in 15-30 min duration each session. Paired t test and wilcoxon were used for within group, while independent t-test and Mann-Whitney were used between two groups. In treatment group, there was a significant increase score of pre-test and post-test of knowledge (p=0.01) by 16.16±21.56 and attitude (p=0.04) by 1.46±2.66. In control group, there was a notable increase score of pre-test and post-test of knowledge (p=0.02) by 10.71 ±15.39. There was no indicative difference in the improvement of knowledge score (p=0.443), score of attitude (p=0.783), energy intake (p=0.693), carbohydrates (p=0.585), protein (p=0.458), and fat (p=0.495) between the control group and the treatment group.

Nicotinamide and Demographic and Disease transitions: Moderation is Best.

Good health and rapid progress depend on an optimal dose of nicotinamide. Too little meat triggers the neurodegenerative condition pellagra and tolerance of symbionts such as tuberculosis (TB), risking dysbioses and impaired resistance to acute infections. Nicotinamide deficiency is an overlooked diagnosis in poor cereal-dependant economies masquerading as ‘environmental enteropathy’ or physical and cognitive stunting. Too much meat (and supplements) may precipitate immune intolerance and autoimmune and allergic disease, with relative infertility and longevity, via the tryptophan-nicotinamide pathway. This switch favours a dearth of regulatory T (Treg) and an excess of T helper cells. High nicotinamide intake is implicated in cancer and Parkinson’s disease. Pro-fertility genes, evolved to counteract high-nicotinamide-induced infertility, may now be risk factors for degenerative disease. Moderation of the dose of nicotinamide could prevent some common diseases and personalised doses at times of stress or, depending on genetic background or age, may treat some other conditions.

SOSIAL EKONOMI, KONSUMSI FAST FOOD DAN RIWAYAT OBESITAS SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO OBESITAS REMAJA

Obesity is a public health problem that encompasses life cycle including adolescent. Adolescent obesity bring consequences to increase case of obesity in adult and the risk factors for degenerative diseases. This study analyze riskfactor of socio-economic, parents history of obesity, nutrition knowledge and fast food consumption with the prevalence of adolescent obesity. The study was case control study and conducted at several high school in Gorontalo City, with670 adolescent, consisting of 335 case groups and 335 control groups. Data analysis was performed to assess the risk of independent variables of obesity. Low father’s education (OR= 2.724; 95% CI; 1.970 – 3,767), low mother education (OR= 4.727; 95% CI; 3.357 – 6.657), parents history of obesity (OR= 2.016; 95% CI; 1.482 – 2.743), low adolescent knowledge (OR= 6.673; 95% CI; 2.296 – 19.393) and fast food consumption more than 3 times per week (OR= 1.829; 95% CI; 1.337 – 2.502) increasing the risk of adolescent obesity. Mother occupation as a household mother (OR=0.338; 95% CI; 0.224 – 0.468) become protective factor. Pocket money (OR= 1.015; 95% CI; 0.724 – 1.423) was not a risk factor of obesity. Multivariate analysis showed that mothers occupation was dominant factor that infl uence obesity. Parent education, history of obesity, nutrition knowledge and fast food consumption were risk factors for obesity.

MINI REVIEW SENYAWA POLIFENOL PADA KOPI : PENGARUH PENGOLAHAN, METABOLISME DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KESEHATAN

Coffe is one of the main resources of polifenol compound, especially chlorogenat acidwhich is known have the capacity as antioxidant. There are the changes of chlorogenat acidduring processing, preparation and digestion by in vitro and in vivo which is have an impact toits availability and power. Coffe consumption reported can decrease blood rate on mice butincrease the total of plasma homocystein on humans. The high homocystein concentration inblood is one of the risk factor for degenerative diseases. Advanced researchs need to support thestatements.

Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in Children Born Small and Large for Gestational Age

Our aim was to evaluate the effect of BW and obesity on oxidative stress and IR in prepubertal SGA and LGA children compared with appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) children. We performed a cross-sectional study comparing oxidative stress and IR in 103 children categorized into 6 groups according to BW (26 SGA, 15 AGA, and 16 LGA normal-weight children) and obesity (15 SGA, 15 AGA, and 16 LGA obese children). Indexes of IR (HOMA-IR, G/I) and the marker of oxidative stress (urinary isoprostanes) were evaluated. Homeostasis Model Assessment was higher in both normal-weight SGA and LGA children than in normal-weight AGA children (all P <or= .02). Furthermore, a difference was detected between obese SGA and obese LGA subjects compared with normal-weight SGA (all P <or= .0007) and LGA (all P <or= .01) children, respectively. The G/I ratio was lower in the 3 obese groups than normal-weight AGA (all P <or= .009) and normal-weight SGA children (all P <or= .02). Furthermore, a difference was detected between obese SGA and obese LGA children compared with normal-weight LGA children (all P <or= .0002). Isoprostane levels were higher in both normal-weight SGA and LGA children than in normal-weight AGA children (all P <or= .002). Moreover, both obese SGA and LGA children showed higher levels than obese AGA children (all P <or= .01) and in comparison to the 3 normal-weight groups (all P <or= .04). Increased IR and oxidative stress are already present in prepubertal normal-weight SGA and LGA children with a continuous alteration in relation to obesity, suggesting that BW and adiposity represent 2 independent risk factors for degenerative diseases.

L’École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP) : III. Prévention et dépistage des maladies

The ongoing epidemiological transition is characterized by the increasing predominance of degenerative diseases. New responses from the health system are thus needed, reorganizing curative services as well as preventive strategies. The latter have to target risk factors for degenerative disease in order to improve primary prevention. And for all other diseases with unknown or non-modifiable risk factors, screening (or secondary prevention) is an option to be considered as a public health response. Early diagnosis and early treatment can improve the prognosis of patients screened in defined conditions. Although medical screening is generally well accepted by health professionals, screening is rather sophisticated and encounters substantial difficulties when implemented in the real world. This article briefly presents the main theoretical and practical drawbacks of early diagnosis. Screening will substantially improve health if the knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals are substantially increased.

Dietary survey of Hopi native American elementary students

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diets of 96 Hopi 5th and 6th grade students on the Hopi Indian Reservation in Arizona for dietary risk factors related to degenerative diseases — heart disease, cancer, diabetes, diverticulosis, osteoporosis, and obesity. Dietary food intakes were collected with a 3-day dietary record administered during health class or homeroom period. The 5–6th graders' diets were analyzed with Nutritionist III (version 5.0) to obtain information on the intake of calories, protein, carbohydrate, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, fiber, 10 vitamins, and 6 minerals. Results of the analysis revealed a daily dietary average of 2123 calories consisting of 35% fat (83.54 gm), 48% carbohydrate (261.31 gm/38% from sugar), and 17% protein (89.18 gm), with 27.39 gm saturated fat, 442 mg of cholesterol, 11 gm of fiber, and 2477 mg of sodium. At least 97% or 100% of the RDA was met for all analyzed vitamins and minerals except for vitamin D (145.75 IU/37% RDA), calcium (874.24 mg/82% RDA), and zinc (11.54 mg/94% RDA). To reduce the dietary risk factors for degenerative diseases, modification of the diet would include reducing fat to below 30% of calories, cholesterol to less than 250 mg, sodium to lower levels but not below 500 mg/day, and refined sugars, while increasing carbohydrates to at least 58% of calories, fiber to 20–30 gm, complex carbohydrates, and vitamin D, calcium, and possibly zinc to RDA levels.