Variety Of Risk Factors Research Articles

Comparison of Traditional and Intensive Cardiac Rehabilitation on Dietary Behavior and Clinical Risk Factor Outcomes

Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess differences in dietary behavior and clinical risk factor outcomes and explore predictors of change among patients participating in traditional and Pritikin intensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Methods: This secondary analysis of cardiac registry data from 2015 to 2021 included patients participating in traditional CR (n = 420) or Pritikin intensive CR (n = 1005) at a single hospital site. Dietary behavior outcomes included the Rate Your Plate measure, while clinical risk factor outcomes included fasting lipids, blood pressure, anthropometrics, functional outcomes, and psychosocial assessment. Analysis of covariance examined a difference in Rate Your Plate scores between CR groups. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to determine differences in clinical risk factor variables between CR groups. Predictors of change in dietary behavior and clinical risk factors were determined through multiple bivariate linear regression models within each CR group. Results: Both CR programs led to significant improvements though more change was observed among Pritikin intensive CR participants in dietary behavior, anthropometrics, and fasting lipids. Status as a current or recent smoker was not a significant predictor of dietary behavior. Male sex, status as a current or recent smoker, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors prescribed were not significant predictors of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for traditional and Pritikin intensive CR groups. There were not significant predictors of blood pressure, body mass, or waist circumference. Conclusion: Although participation in either CR program yielded cardiometabolic benefits, Pritikin intensive CR patients exhibited significantly greater improvements in dietary behavior and clinical risk factors.

Impact of clinical features on in-hospital outcomes in premature coronary artery disease patients post percutaneous coronary intervention

Background: Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is a significant health concern globally, characterized by the onset of coronary atherosclerosis at an early age. The development of PCAD is influenced by a variety of risk factors and leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in interventions, the clinical and angiographic characteristics influencing in-hospital outcomes for these patients remain underexplored. Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between clinical features and in-hospital outcomes in patients with premature CAD post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1279 patients who underwent PCI for premature CAD the period of January 2022–December 2023. Clinical information was gathered from medical records, including risk factors and angiographic results. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 22, employing univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine correlations. Result: The study included 1279 patients, with 438 in the premature CAD group and 841 in the non-premature CAD group. Significant differences were observed in age, sex distribution, BMI, lipid profiles, smoking status, and family history between the groups. Premature CAD patients were younger (mean age 50 vs. 64.8, p<0.001) and had higher rates of smoking and dyslipidemia. Angiographic analysis showed significant differences in LAD and LCx involvement and occlusion rates. In-hospital outcomes indicated higher incidences of shock, cardiac complications, and in-hospital mortality in the non-premature CAD group. Conclusion: Clinical and angiographic characteristics significantly influence in-hospital outcomes for premature CAD patients. Younger age, smoking, and dyslipidemia were prevalent risk factors. Enhanced management strategies focusing on these factors could improve patient outcomes. Keyword: angiography findings, clinical characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, percutaneous coronary intervention, premature coronary artery disease

Heterogeneity of postpartum bonding and maternity blues among mothers three days after delivery

Abstract Background Findings about risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD) are often inconsistent. The variability could be due to the heterogeneity of characteristics of mothers at risk for PPD in certain populations, which has important mental health implications. We examined the heterogeneity of sociodemographic, pregnancy and labor characteristics in postpartum women referred to follow-up care on the third day after delivery. Methods We performed a nested cross-sectional latent profile analysis (LPA) on a convenience sample of women in a tertiary community hospital in Split, Croatia in 2020. Participants completed the first subscales of Postpartum Bonding and Maternity Blues questionnaires, as well as five subscales of the Questionnaire of Family Functioning According to Parents and 12 sociodemographic, pregnancy and childbirth-related variables. LPA identified profiles of mother-infant bonding and postnatal blues, and multinomial regression analysis was used to determine the influence of different profiles. Results Of the 318 participants, the best-fitting model had three latent profiles. First (n = 76, 24% of participants) and second (n = 216, 68% of participants) latent profiles showed good postpartum bonding, while second profile showed higher primary blues. Third profile (n = 80, 25% of participants) was characterized by poorer postpartum bonding and elevated primary blues. Only good youth experiences of mothers with their parents (relative risk [RR] 0.26; 95% CI 0.12-0.57; p = 0.001) and good present-day relationships with partners (RR 0.26; 95% CI 0.13-0.52; p < 0.001), significantly decreased the risk for third latent profile classification. Conclusions Postpartum bonding and primary blues of women who gave birth three days prior were heterogeneous. This heterogeneity could result in the well-documented heterogeneity of postpartum depression in women, and therefore, be the focus of mental health interventions in similar settings. Key messages • We found heterogeneity of sociodemographic, pregnancy, and labor characteristics in postpartum women after delivery, highlighting the variability in risk factors for postpartum depression. • This heterogeneity could result in the well-documented heterogeneity of postpartum depression in women, and therefore, be the focus of mental health interventions in similar settings.

Cardiovascular outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients with cancer: a statewide population-linkage study

Abstract Background Advances in oncology treatment have led to an increase in the number of cancer survivors. As a result, the number of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with cancer is increasing and the outcomes of these patients are not well described. Purpose This study aimed to examine revascularisation strategies and all cause and cardiovascular death in ACS patients with and without cancer. Methods Hospitalised patients in New South Wales, Australia, from July 2006 to December 2020 with a primary diagnosis of ACS were identified from the statewide Admitted Patient Data Collection database. Patients were stratified into those with or without a history of cancer (non-melanoma skin cancers excluded). Propensity scoring matching (PSM) for the variables of age, gender and cardiovascular risk factors was performed with each cancer patient matched to two non-cancer patients. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the hazard ratios of all-cause mortality between individuals with a history of cancer in the 5 years preceding their hospital admission, and those without. Additionally, Fine-Gray competing risk analysis was performed for cardiovascular death with non-cardiovascular mortality as the competing event. Results During the study period, 193,848 patients were admitted with ACS. 12,543 patients had a history of cancer and were PSM to 25,085 patients without cancer. The median age was 75 (Q1-Q3 67-82) years with 69% male and hypertension the most prevalent risk factor (55%) (Table 1). ACS patients with cancer had clinically comparable, rates of percutaneous revascularisation (36 vs 37%, p=0.07) and coronary artery bypass grafting (11 vs 13%, p<0.001) with ACS patients without cancer. During a median follow up of 8.6 (95% CI 8.4-8.8) years, ACS patients with a history of cancer had a significant higher risk of all cause death (HR 1.42 95% CI [1.38-1.46]) and cardiovascular death (SHR 1.14 [1.11-1.18]). The cumulative incidence function demonstrated cardiovascular death in those with a cancer history occurred in 20% by approximately 1.4 years follow up compared to 2.5 years in those without cancer (Figure 1). Conclusion ACS patients with cancer have a higher risk of all cause death and cardiovascular death compared to those without a history of cancer with clinically comparably revascularisation rates. Further studies to determine the cause of increased cardiovascular death in ACS patients with cancer are required.Figure 1

Plasma Lipidomic Profiles Improve upon Traditional Risk Factors for the Prediction of Arterial Stiffness Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitum: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Exercise or vitamin D intervention can reduce the risk of arterial stiffness; however, the underlying mechanisms of lipid metabolism remain unexplored. To examine the effects of a 12-week moderate and vigorous exercise program (65-80% maximal heart rate, 60 min/time, 2~3 times/week) with or without vitamin D supplementation (1000 IU/day) on the reduction in arterial stiffness and further explore whether the effects of interventions could be associated with the basal lipidome among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitum (T2DM). 61 patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to the following groups: control (CON, n = 15), exercise (EX, n = 14), vitamin D (VD, n = 16), and exercise + vitamin D (EX + VD, n = 16). Arterial stiffness risk factors (ankle-brachial index (ABI); brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) were evaluated before and after the intervention. The plasma lipidome was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Machine learning was applied to establish prediction models for the responsiveness to arterial stiffness. Vitamin D supplementation could inhibit the decrease in the ankle-brachial index (mean ± SD: EX + VD and VD, -0.001 ± 0.058; EX + CON, -0.047 ± -0.089; p = 0.03). We observed high inter-individual variability in the arterial stiffness risk factors in response to the interventions. We also found that optimally selecting the lipid predictors at baseline, such as SM d44:6, LPE 18:2, and Hex2Cer 29:0, could enhance the predictive power by 100% for arm SBP changes in the exercise group. Basal levels of Cer (33:1) and GM3 (44:4) could enhance the predictive power by 100% for changes in baPWV in the vitamin D group. A 12-week vitamin D supplementation was beneficial in preventing arterial stiffness. Compared with traditional clinical risk factors, specific lipids at baseline could significantly improve the ability to predict intervention-induced changes in the reduction of arterial stiffness.

Application of Earned Value Analysis Method and Earned Schedule Method to Time and Cost Control In Bank X Building Project

Construction projects are activities that must be completed within limited time and resources. This research aims to identify risky activities and make control efforts to reduce the level of hazard risk in the installation of steel box girder on the bridge. This research used a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected through surveys and interviews with 60 respondents from 35 bridge projects. The results showed that there were 29 variables of work accident risk factors, including 3 variables with moderate risk levels, 24 variables with high risk levels, and 2 variables with extreme risk levels. The highest risk factors were mobilization that caused congestion and crane overturning during girder lifting that caused operators to fall. To reduce the risk level, efforts are made to ensure all work is done correctly, conduct regular safety inspections, and ensure an effective communication system in the installation of steel box girders on the bridge. The findings can serve as a basis for policy makers to develop better OHS regulations and guidelines, as well as provide valuable information for the development of more effective safety training programs for workers in the construction sector.

Application of the world guidelines for falls prevention and management’s risk stratification algorithm to patients on a frailty intervention pathway and the potential utility of sensory impairment information

BackgroundThe 2022 world guidelines for falls prevention and management suggest measuring sensory function including dizziness, vision, and hearing. These variables are not included in the falls risk stratification algorithm. This study sought to investigate the utility of the guidelines and potential avenues for improvement. This study applied the falls risk stratification recommendations and reviewed the individual sensory impairment risk factor variables predictive of falls and falls risk grouping in those assessed by a frailty intervention team (FIT) based in an emergency department (ED).MethodsPatients over 65 years old who attended the ED and had a comprehensive geriatric assessment carried out by FIT over a period of four months were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Patient characteristics, medication, physical and sensory function status data was retrieved and analysed with respect to falls and falls risk grouping.ResultsData was gathered retrospectively from 392 patients. Excluding those with missing data, almost all attendees were in the high-risk of falls category (n = 170, 43.4%), or the low-risk category (n = 149, 38.0%). Few people were in the intermediate-risk category (n = 19, 4.8%). Hearing loss and dizziness were significantly associated with falls incidence, whereas vision and balance were not. Hearing loss, balance and dizziness were significantly associated with risk grouping, whereas vision was not.ConclusionsMost older adults included in the analysis fell into the low- or high-risk categories, with a minority in the intermediate-risk category. This suggests that the inclusion criteria for the intermediate category could be altered for greater sensitivity. While impaired balance and vision were the most common impairments, hearing status, balance and dizziness were associated with risk group. These results, through a practical application of the world guidelines for falls to an acute clinical sample, raise the possibility of refining the falls risk stratification criteria, and highlight the capacity for additional sensory intervention to mitigate falls risk.

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE SKIN

Introduction: squamous cell carcinoma is steadily increasing year after year, representing a major public health challenge. The mortality rates of dermal squamous cell carcinoma are comparable to those of melanoma, renal carcinoma and oropharyngeal carcinoma. Adequate surveillance, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to reduce the risks of morbidity and mortality. Objective: to detail current information related to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, histopathology, examination, evaluation, treatment, differential diagnosis, prognosis and complications. Methodology: a total of 37 articles were analyzed in this review, including review and original articles, as well as clinical cases, of which 25 bibliographies were used because the other articles were not relevant to this study. The sources of information were PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane; the terms used to search for information in Spanish, Portuguese and English were: skin cancer, epidermoid carcinoma, squamous cell, clear cell, Mohs surgery, cutaneous carcinoma. Results: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has a multifactorial etiology, with UV radiation being the main risk factor. It is the second most common form of skin cancer in the USA, with a higher incidence in men and fair-skinned, older people. The mortality rate is between 1% and 2%, although in some regions it may be comparable to other more aggressive cancers. It originates from keratinocytes and often has mutations in the tp53 gene. There are several histological subtypes with different characteristics and prognoses. Diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy, and staging is performed with systems such as BWH and AJCC-8, with surgical excision being the preferred intervention. Conclusions: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma represents an important public health problem, emphasizing the need for prevention and sun protection education programs. Early identification and appropriate treatment are crucial to improve prognosis. The diversity of risk factors, together with the variability in histologic subtypes and their clinical behavior, underscores the importance of a personalized approach to care. In addition, rigorous surveillance is essential in immunocompromised patients, who are at significantly increased risk of developing this neoplasm. Finally, continued research and development of new therapies, such as immunotherapeutic agents, promise to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for affected patients. KEY WORDS: cancer, carcinoma, skin, squamous, Mohs.

Drinking motives and alcohol sensitivity mediate multi-dimensional genetic influences on alcohol use behaviors.

Genetic influences account for a substantial proportion of individual differences in alcohol use behaviors (AUBs). However, multiple distinct sets of genes are linked to different AUBs, which may explain their dramatic variability in risk factors and manifestations. In this study, we explore whether intermediate neurobiological traits and alcohol-related cognitions mediate the relationship between polygenic scores (PGS) and multiple AUBs, with the aim to better understand processes captured by different genetic profiles. Using results from prior genome-wide association studies, we derived PGS for 6 AUBs in participants from Spit for Science, a longitudinal study of college students in the U.S. (n=4,549). Self-report measures included personality traits, alcohol expectancies, drinking motivations, and alcohol sensitivity measures as well as drinking frequency, drinking quantity, alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms, and maximum drinks in 24 hours. Using linear regression and multiple mediation models, we investigated the direct and indirect effects of PGS on AUBs. In univariable regression results, PGSs indexing broad AUB dimensions such as drinks per week (DPW) and AUD predicted higher levels of sensation-seeking and multiple drinking motives, while BeerPref PGSs (indexing a variable pattern of alcohol problems associated with a preference for beer) predicted higher negative urgency and lower alcohol sensitivity. Mediational models indicated strong direct and indirect effects of DPW PGSs on multiple AUBs via social/enhancement drinking motives and alcohol sensitivity, indirect effects of AUD PGSs on AUD symptoms via coping motives, and indirect effects of BeerPref PGS on all AUBs via the joint effect of mediators including alcohol sensitivity. These findings provide initial evidence that the genetic influences on different AUBs are associated with and partially mediated by intermediate neurobiological and cognitive factors, which may be more amenable to intervention. Greater focus on drinking motives and alcohol sensitivity is warranted in genetic research, as well as attention to the heterogeneous pathways linking genes to alcohol use outcomes.

Analisis Faktor Psikososial pada Tenaga Kesehatan di KecamatanSungai Raya Kabupaten Kubu Raya

Introduction: Psychosocial risks can lead to stress and depression in the workplace, causing potential negligence and errors in performing work resulting in workplace accidents. Objective: To analyze the psychosocial risk factors of health workers in health centers that lead to the risk of workplace stress. Methods: Deskriptif analysis research using the Spearman test with a sample 65 people selected by purposive sampling from 186 health workers who served at the Sungai Durian, Sungai Raya Dalam, and Korpri health centers in Kubu Raya Regency. Research variables: Role Confusion, Role Conflict, Quantitative Overload, Qualitative Overload. Career Development, Responsibility for Others and job stress. Data were obtained from the IFRC and SDS. Results: Spearman test the most influential is qualitative overload mean value (x̄=11.28) moderate stress (39.24%). severe stress (1.54%), second quantitative overload (x̄=10.25) moderate stress 49.24%, third responsibility to others (x̄=10.26) moderate stress (41.34%). severe stress (3.0). The significance of the relationship between the variables of psychosocial risk factors and work stress very strong correlation level, the direction of the relationship is positive and unidirectional between psychosocial risk factors and work stress in health workers. Conclusion: Psychosocial risk factors experienced by health workers quantitative overload and responsibility for others need to be of concern to management there is a decrease in motivation and weakening of activities. Suggestions for management leader and health workers to increasing motivation and managing effective working hours.

Insightful Perspectives on Sodium-glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors: Navigating Safety Updates and Beyond

SGLT2 (Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2) inhibitors, also known as gliflozin class, are a novel family of oral drugs being used to treat type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 inhibitors can work alone or in conjunction with other medications. This class includes five drugs, including canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin. SGLT2 inhibitors inhibit the SGLT2 cotransporter in the proximal tubules of the kidney, reducing glucose and sodium reabsorption. It promotes the elimination of sugar in urine (diabetes mellitus) and lowers blood sugar levels. SGLT2 inhibitors also have pleiotropic effects on cardiac and renal function, broadening their therapeutic applications in heart failure. Despite the clinical benefits, regulators have placed secondary warnings in product information since the medications first hit the market. SGLT2 inhibitors, in particular, have had a significant impact on a variety of risk factors. This can lead to hypoglycaemia, urinary tract infections, diabetic ketoacidosis, lower limb amputation, and fractures. Although some of these events are uncommon, they can lead to severe and deadly consequences; therefore, patients must be closely monitored. In general, SLGT2 inhibitors are an efficient diabetes treatment with strong cardiovascular and renal protection and a favourable safety overview. This review sought to summarise the safety overview of commercially available SGLT2 inhibitors.

Patient-Centered Management of Brain Tumor-Related Epilepsy.

Brain tumor-related epilepsy is a heterogenous syndrome involving variability in incidence, timing, pathophysiology, and clinical risk factors for seizures across different brain tumor pathologies. Seizure risk and disability are dynamic over the course of disease and influenced by tumor-directed treatments, necessitating individualized patient-centered management strategies to optimize quality of life. Recent translational findings in diffuse gliomas indicate a dynamic bidirectional relationship between glioma growth and hyperexcitability. Certain non-invasive measures of hyperexcitability are correlated with survival outcomes, however it remains uncertain how to define and measure clinically relevant hyperexcitability serially over time. The extent of resection, timing of pre-operative and/or post-operative seizures, and the likelihood of tumor progression are critical factors impacting the risk of seizure recurrence. Newer anti-seizure medications are generally well-tolerated with similar efficacy in this population, and several rapid-onset seizure rescue agents are in development and available. Seizures in patients with brain tumors are strongly influenced by the underlying tumor biology and treatment. An improved understanding of the interactions between tumor cells and the spectrum of hyperexcitability will facilitate targeted therapies. Multidisciplinary management of seizures should occur with consideration of tumor-directed therapy and prognosis, and anti-seizure medication decision-making tailored to the individual priorities and quality of life of the patient.

416-P: Variability of Metabolic Risk Factors for Kidney Function Decline in Diabetes Compared with Nondiabetes—A Cluster Analysis of Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study

416-P: Variability of Metabolic Risk Factors for Kidney Function Decline in Diabetes Compared with Nondiabetes—A Cluster Analysis of Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study

Review of global burden of disease studies: trends, challenges, and future directions

Global burden of disease (GBD) studies plays an important role in assessing the variability of risk factors, injuries, and diseases worldwide, providing essential evidence for policy-making and healthcare planning. This study presents a review of current literature on GBD studies, aiming to analyze the trends, challenges, and future directions in this field. We conducted a review of published GBD studies from inception to date, utilizing major scientific databases and relevant sources. Our findings reveal several noteworthy trends in GBD studies. Over the years, GBD studies have expanded to cover a wider range of diseases and risk factors, providing a more comprehensive understanding of global health. Advances in data availability, technology, and modeling techniques have improved the accuracy of disease burden estimates. The inclusion of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) has enabled comparisons as well as prioritization of interventions. However, challenges remain, such as limited data in middle and low-income countries and methodological complexities. The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the need for responsive methodologies. Future directions include strengthening data collection, utilizing machine learning, big data analytics, ethical use of artificial intelligence and promoting collaboration for consistent GBD studies.

Spatial Analysis of Risk Factors for Tuberculosis Incidence in South Jakarta City in 2022

Introduction: South Jakarta City, within DKI Jakarta, bears a substantial burden of TB cases, yet case detection rates and treatment success remain low. Factors such as population density, gender disparity, socio-economic conditions, and healthcare accessibility influence TB transmission. The city's high population density presents challenges in controlling TB spread. Additionally, males and low-income families face higher TB risks. Objective: This study aims to analyze TB case distribution across 10 districts in South Jakarta, assess TB case clustering, and understand the spatial regression model of TB risk factors. Method: The methodology of this research utilizes a quantitative approach with an ecological study design and spatial methodology, secondary data from various sources, including the national TB control reporting application. Data processing involves GeoDa v1.22, QGIS v.3.32.3, SPSS v.22, and GWR v4.0 applications for spatial analysis. Result: Findings reveal that spatial autocorrelation tests using Moran's Index on TB cases in South Jakarta City are not statistically significant, indicating no spatial autocorrelation. The LISA test identifies Mampang Prapatan District as a cold spot in Quadrant III (Low-Low). GWR regression analysis highlights three spatially influential risk factor variables affecting TB cases: gender ratio, number of health centers, and population density. The first two variables affect all districts in South Jakarta City, whereas population density only impacts the Setiabudi District. Conclusion: In conclusion, Mampang Prapatan district in South Jakarta City exhibits low TB transmission risk, considering population density and other factors. Notably, three spatial risk factors affect TB transmission in South Jakarta City, warranting attention from the health department in TB elimination efforts.

Identifying Risk of Stillbirth Using Machine Learning

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;229:327:e1–16) A tool that could help identify women at risk for stillbirth would be a welcome addition to clinical practice. Machine learning models, which can look at relationships between variables in large data sets, was investigated in this article. This study’s aim was to refine a machine learning model to predict stillbirth using data available prior to the gestational age of viability (22 to 24 wk). The researchers performed a secondary analysis of data in the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network (SCRN), a study database of 982 stillbirths and 3000 representative live births from 2006 to 2009. The study included patients who delivered a live or stillborn fetus at >18 weeks’ gestation from 59 hospitals in 5 states (Georgia, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Texas, and Utah). The data set included 6000 measures collected from interviews with the mother, postmortem pathological exam, cause of death analysis, and medical record Abstractsion. Subsequently 101 risk factor variables were identified and used in the model. These included maternal and biological father demographics, family history, maternal health history, prenatal lab data, fetal genetics, second-trimester screen, prenatal care history, ultrasound, and social determinants of health.

Influence of sleep quality and other associated factors on glycemic control among diabetic patients: A hospital-based study

The glycemic control of diabetes patients is influenced by a variety of risk factors, some of which are adjustable and others of which are not. Diabetes and sleep quality are most frequently correlated in both directions. To evaluate the quality of sleep and pinpoint the risk factors for inadequate glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. : This cross-sectional study included seventy consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale was used to evaluate the quality of sleep. Siemens- ID 29984, dimension RxL Max, Architect plus ABBOT (ci 4100), completely automatic seven-part cell-counter by Horiba Pentra Dx and Siemens ADVIA Centaur XPT (Immonoassay system) were utilized for the biochemical tests.: Of the 70 participants in the study, 22 patients [31.4%] reported having good sleep quality, while 15 patients [21.4%] had average sleep quality and 33 patients [47.1%] had poor sleep quality. Patients with managed and uncontrolled blood sugar showed varying degrees of sleep quality; 48.4% and 17.9% showed good sleep quality, 29% and 15.4% showed moderate sleep quality, and 22.6% and 66.7% showed poor sleep quality. A statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was seen in the sleep quality of the two groups. : In summary, the results of our study suggested that diabetics with poor sleep quality are more likely to have poor glycemic control. A significant modifiable risk factor for improved glycemic management in diabetic patients is sleep quality.

Correlation between hyperemesis gravidarum risk factors and body weight of first-trimester pregnant women

Background: Nausea and vomiting early in pregnancy are experienced by around 70-80% of pregnant women. If nausea and vomiting occur too often, it will become a pathological condition called hyperemesis gravidarum. Many factors trigger hyperemesis gravidarum, necessitating more in-depth research regarding the risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum and their impact on the weight of pregnant women in the first trimester. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between hyperemesis gravidarum risk factors and the body weight of first-trimester pregnant women in East Jakarta. Methods: A quantitative study employing descriptive analysis and a cross-sectional case-control method was conducted, including 84 first-trimester respondents selected using targeted sampling techniques. Data collection was performed using questionnaires, and data analysis was conducted using Chi-square. Results: There is a significant relationship between the risk factor variables for severe morning sickness, namely age, occupation, history of vomiting, anemia, and the outcome, which is the measurement of pregnant women’s weight. Conclusions: There is a relationship between age, occupation, pregnancy, history of vomiting, anemia, and mild stress with the results of weight measurement of pregnant women in the first 3 months of pregnancy.

Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: Have We Understood the Right Timing of PVR?

Despite many advances in surgical repair during the past few decades, the majority of tetralogy of Fallot patients continue to experience residual hemodynamic and electrophysiological abnormalities. The actual issue, which has yet to be solved, is understanding how this disease evolves in each individual patient and, as a result, who is truly at risk of sudden death, as well as the proper timing of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). Our responsibility should be to select the most appropriate time for each patient, going above and beyond imaging criteria used up to now to make such a clinically crucial decision. Despite several studies on timing, indications, procedures, and outcomes of PVR, there is still much uncertainty about whether PVR reduces arrhythmia burden or improves survival in these patients and how to appropriately manage this population. This review summarizes the most recent research on the evolution of repaired tetralogy of Fallot (from adolescence onwards) and risk factor variables that may favor or delay PVR.

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN QOM (TOBA) POPULATIONS OF TWO PUBLIC INSTUTIONS IN NORTHERN ARGENTINE

Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and control of high blood pressure in Qom (indigenous) populations of northern Argentina. Design and method: A descriptive, prospective and observational study was carried out through a survey directed at patients who attended 2 public institutions in the Province of Formosa: one carried out in the city of Formosa (Capital) and another in the town of Las Lomitas, in the interior of the province. It was carried out between the months of July and December 2023. A survey was carried out based on the risk factor variables of the Heart study and others useful for the population studied. The study was carried out under local and international ethical standards and under signed informed consent. Results: Of 34 patients surveyed (80% women), 25% were from the capital of Formosa and 75% from the rural area of Las Lomitas. Of the CVRFs, it was observed that 50% had high blood pressure (HTN) at some point, although 22% assumed that they currently had it and the rest did not know it. 97% of the population took their blood pressure at some point and 61% did so in the last year. 51% of hypertensive patients take medication regularly, using one (1) drug in 14%, two (2) drugs in 28% and three (3) drugs in 42%. Regarding the body mass index, it was observed that 55% were obese, having values above provincial and national surveys. In addition, it was found that 8% are active smokers, 23% are diabetic and the same percentage (23%) had cholesterol alterations. 2.9% had chronic renal failure and 5.9% had atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: The present study highlights adherence to treatment, the high proportion of diabetes and the lack of cholesterol controls, taking into account the percentage of obese individuals. Although the number of patients is limited, the present study retrieves valuable information to continue with future research that can improve the cardiovascular quality of life of this specific population.