The aim of the work was to identify factors of genetic and phenotypic conditionality of a persons propensity for risky behavior. The study involved 300 people, men and women aged 1825, residents of 6 regions of the Russian Federation. Psychological status of the study participants by evaluating the indicators of the Freiburg multifactorial personality questionnaire, character accentuations, suggestibility, frustration, irritability and resentment, adventurousness, behavior and social activity. The functional status was assessed by the level of general non-specific reactivity of the organism. Genetic research was carried out by PCR. Investigate the genotypes of polymorphisms rs6923492 (GRM1), rs6280 (DRD3), rs1851048 (CACNA2D3), rs2562456 (ZNF). As a result of the study, the systematic organization of genetic and phenotypic mechanisms for the formation of a persons propensity for risky behavior is substantiated. As a result of the performed studies, the systematic organization of genetic and phenotypic mechanisms of the individual formation of a persons propensity for risky behavior is substantiated. The predisposition to risk behavior in men and women is due to the SNP rs1851048 (CACNA2D3), as well as increased levels of irritability, neuroticism, reactive aggressiveness, emotional lability, resentment, and the severity of cardiotype A.