Risk Assessment Of Trace Metals Research Articles

Human health risk assessment of trace metals and metalloids concentrations in saffron grown in Gonabad, Iran

Human health risk assessment of trace metals and metalloids concentrations in saffron grown in Gonabad, Iran

Human Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Water from Bandama, Bia and Comoé Rivers, Southeast Côte d’Ivoire

Human Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Water from Bandama, Bia and Comoé Rivers, Southeast Côte d’Ivoire

Spatial Distribution, Contamination Characteristics, and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Soils of South-Central Stretch Of India

Spatial Distribution, Contamination Characteristics, and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Soils of South-Central Stretch Of India

Distribution, Levels, Potential Sources and Human Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Ogbia communities of Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria

The occurrence of toxic metals in atmospheric particulate matter is of high risk to human health. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the distribution, concentrations, potential sources and human health risk assessment of trace metals in atmospheric particulate matter in Ogbia communities of Bayelsa State, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Samples of atmospheric particulate matter were digested using a mixture of acids, and quantification of trace metals was achieved using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Model: Buck 230 ATS). The concentration (µg m-3) of trace metals in atmospheric particulate matter ranged as follows: Pb (<0.010 - 0.060), Cd (<0.010 - 0.880), Ni (<0.010 - 0.028), Cu (<0.010 - 0.046), Zn (<0.010 - 0.028), and Co (<0.010 - 0.021). Except nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd), other metal concentrations were below the US EPA limits. Principal component analysis indicated a common source of the studied metals and two major factors (gas flaring and uncontrollable fossil fuel combustion) were identified; while non-carcinogenic risk due to inhalation indicated negligible health risk. Therefore, hazardous effects due to inhalation of trace metals in atmospheric particulate matter in the study area is minimal.

Bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and ecological risk of trace metals in the ecosystem around oilfield production area: A case study in Shengli Oilfield.

The production for crude oil usually leads to contamination of the soil with trace metals and organic contaminants from spilled petroleum. Organic contaminants were generally paid more attention than trace metals in the oilfield pollution. Many studies have investigated the impacts of some petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants, however, the impacts and risk assessment of trace metals remain largely unexplored. Moreover, under some circumstances, the risks associated with trace metals are not necessarily lower than those associated with organic contaminants. This study aimed to investigate methods to evaluate the possible risks associated with 11 trace metals (Ti, Ba, Sr, Rb, V, Li, Mo, Co, Cs, Bi, and Tl) in soil and biota samples from the Shengli Oilfield using ICP-MS. The results showed that 11 trace metals in the surface soils exceeded the local background levels. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) indicated that the soils had light-moderate to moderate contamination levels, with higher Igeo value of Ba, V, Li, Mo, Co, and Cs. The individual potential ecological risk indices ([Formula: see text]) demonstrated moderate Bi and Tl pollution in soils. Comparatively, the [Formula: see text] is recommended for the risk assessment of trace metals on the ecosystem around the oilfield area. Mo, Bi, and Sr easily accumulate in plants, as reflected by their bioaccumulation factor. Ti, Ba, V, Li, Co, Cs, Bi, and Tl exhibited considerable biomagnification, particularly in birds. In this study, trace metals showed considerable bioaccumulation and biomagnification, and the risks of these trace metals on the ecosystem around oilfield production area need more attention.

Field determination and ecological health risk assessment of trace metals in typical mariculture area of China

Field determination of dissolved trace metals (Cu, Pb and Cd) by using automated electrochemical system had been done in three typical mariculture areas of Yellow Sea (YS), East China Sea (ECS) and South China Sea (SCS) in China. Higher concentrations of Cu and Pb were found in ECS while the Cd concentration showed a decreasing trend from north to south of China. The metal distribution and ecological health risk assessments were also conducted. Cu and Pb in the YS and Cu in SCS were moderately contaminated. ECS had considerable Cu contamination and very high Pb contamination. Compared with other coastal areas, mariculture affected the concentration and spatial distribution of trace metals, but it was not a necessarily dominant factor. Overall, the results contribute to the further development of field and on-board metal detection technology and lay a foundation for the realization of field ecological health risk assessments of mariculture waters.

Source identification and risk assessment of trace metals in surface sediment of China Sea by combining APCA-MLR receptor model and lead isotope analysis

This study aimed to investigate the distribution, pollution, risk and sources of trace metals in sediments along China Sea. Clear spatial variations were found for Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, and Pb, whereas As did not show spatial variation. East China Sea (ECS) contained the highest concentrations of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, South China Sea (SCS) shallow sea contained the highest concentrations of Zn, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, and Pb, whereas coral reefs contained the lowest concentrations of trace metals. Spatial variations could be explained by economic development characteristics along China Sea. As, Se and Cd exhibited low to moderate pollution in China Sea sediment, yet pollution for Cu, Zn, Ni, and Ag appeared in some regions. Sediment in ECS had moderate ecological risks and other regions at low ecological risks. The absolute principle component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) and Pb stable isotope indicated that 43–74% of trace metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, and Pb) were derived from anthropogenic sources like traffic emission, agricultural activities, industrial source. No pollution and ecological risk were observed in coral reefs, yet 39–71% (Pb) was derived from anthropogenic activities such as motor vessels.

Water Physicochemical Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in River Mouths Along a Tropical Coastline of Gulf Guinea, West Africa

Water Physicochemical Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in River Mouths Along a Tropical Coastline of Gulf Guinea, West Africa

Risk assessment of trace metals in canned fish commercialized for human consumption in Egypt

Fourteen trace elements were examined using ICP-OES in the imported canned tuna fish, sardines, and tuna packaging medium that were sold in Greater Cairo. The leaching into acetic acid (3%) was done to simulate the releasing of trace metals from cans. The association between the trace metal levels in tuna, oil/brine, and the leaching of trace metals into 3% acetic acid solution was investigated. All trace metals were found in all samples, although Cd was not. Eight of 25 canned tuna (32%), and one of 5 canned Sardina pilchardus fish (20%) have Pb concentrations that exceeded the permissible limit (PL), whereas one albacore tuna (1/25; 4%) exceeded Finland's PL for As. Except for aluminum, which had higher concentration in oil/brine than in brine alone, there were no variations in other metal concentrations. Although, there is no considerable release of most metals into acetic acid, Fe and Al did, with a leaching median of 32 and 0.16 mg/L, respectively. The average daily intake of arsenic (0.850 mg) was greater than tolerable daily intake (TDI) for adults advised by WHO. The provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for As (0.085 mg/kg bw/week) also surpassed the advised PTWI. Only 3 out of 30 samples (10%) had PTWIs for Pb above them. The computed non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) indicating that canned tuna consumption may have health risk for human. The most significant factor in all samples' higher target hazard quotient (THQ) levels was arsenic. This study comprises popular tuna fish species from Thailand, Vietnam, Italy, and Morocco, including skipjack, longtail, albacore, and sardina fish. Thus, it is pertinent to all nations that import tuna from these nations.

Distribution characteristics, source identification and health risk assessment of trace metals in the coastal groundwater of Taizhou City, China

This study was carried out to evaluate and analyze the fluctuations in groundwater for certain trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Al, Cd, Cr, Pb, As, and Se) in Taizhou City over three years (2020–2022), evaluate the potential human health risks due to the consumption of groundwater. To quantify the spatiotemporal changes in groundwater trace metals, the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) were utilized. Furthermore, multivariate statistical methods were utilized to distinguish the sources of trace elements. Deterministic health risk assessment and Monte Carlo health risk simulation methods were employed to evaluate human health risks associated with exposure to trace metals. The results indicate that areas with higher pollution are in the south-central region, with low HPI increasing from 50% to 75% and low HEI from 68.75% to 81.25%, reflecting improved water quality. Correlation matrix analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) pinpointed anthropogenic sources as major trace metal contributors. Cr and As concentrations were associated with farming activities, Cd and Pb concentrations showed links to local industries such as e-waste recycling and shipbuilding. Furthermore, Cu levels in groundwater was influenced by the combined effects of industry, agriculture, and urban sewage discharge. Based on the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) calculations, the majority of groundwater samples did not exceed the reference values, indicating acceptable noncarcinogenic risks for both adults and children. However, the analysis of carcinogenic risk (CR) and uncertainty revealed an overall decreasing trend in carcinogenic risk, with Cr and Cd possessing the highest potential for causing carcinogenic risks. The sensitivities were 46.3%, 53.3%, and 70.3% for Cr, and 18.8%, 27.6%, and 9.3% for Cd.

Human Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Water, Sediments and Edible Fish Species Collected from Idu-Uruan Beach, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Human Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Water, Sediments and Edible Fish Species Collected from Idu-Uruan Beach, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Characteristics, sources and health risk assessment of trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 from Hefei, China.

Trace metals (TRs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major toxic components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and related to various health adverse outcomes. The study aims to get a better understanding of the contents, sources and risks of PM2.5-bounded TRs and PAHs in Hefei, China, during the period of 2019-2021. We collected 504 samples and measured twelve TRs and sixteen priority PAHs by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The annual mass concentrations of PM2.5 was fluctuated in the year of 2019-2021 at 50.95, 47.48 and 59.38μg/m3, with seasonal variations in rank order of winter > spring > autumn > summer. The median concentrations of PM2.5-bounded ƩTRs and ƩPAHs were also fluctuated, 132.85, 80.93 and 120.27ng/m3 for ƩTRs, 2.57, 5.85 and 2.97ng/m3 for ƩPAHs, in the year of 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Seasonal variations of ƩTRs and ƩPAHs show the highest concentration in winter. Positive matrix factorization was used for identified pollution emission sources, and TRs mainly originated from coal combustion, traffic emission and fugitive dust, while PAHs stemmed from biomass, diesel, gasoline and coal combustion. Health risk assessment indicated that adults were more vulnerable than children, the carcinogenic risk assessment of As and Cr manifested a certain degree of cancer risk (1.0 × 10-6 < CR < 1.0 × 10-4) in adults group, and health risks of TRs were higher than PAHs in Hefei. These findings suggest that PM2.5-bounded TRs and PAHs should be considered when making emission control strategies for air pollution, and winter, combustion sources and adults should achieve more policy attention to decrease exposure risks in Hefei.

Spatial distribution, source apportionment and potential ecological risk assessment of trace metals in surface soils in the upstream region of the Guanzhong Basin, China

The health of ecosystems and safety of agricultural products are correlated with trace metal pollutionin in the soil, which eventually affects mankind. For this research, topsoil (0–20 cm) was sampled from 51 locations in the upstream area of the Guanzhong Basin to determine the level of pollution, spatial distribution characteristics and origins of 15 trace metals (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Cd, Pb). The pollution index and potential ecological risk index were adopted for the accurate analyses of contamination degree and ecological risk that trace elements cause. The identification of potential sources of trace metals pollution was carried out using the APCS–MLR model and multivariate statistical analysis. Findings demonstrated that the most contaminated elements in the topsoil of the designated areas were Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb, and the average levels of all trace metal elements exceeded their respective local background values. However, most of the sampling points showed slight pollution, and a few demonstrated moderate and severe pollution. The southern, south–western and eastern parts in the research zone were relatively seriously contaminated, especially near Baoji City and Wugong County. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Se were mainly caused by combination of agricultural and industrial production, the primary sources of Mn, Y, and Zr were the process of mining and industrial production, Cd and Pb originated mainly from traffic emission and agricultural pollution, and Cr mainly came from mining and metal smelting processes. Meanwhlie, some unknown pollution sources were also disclosed. This study has a reliable reference value for determining the source of trace metals in this region. To further determine the pollution sources of trace elements, long–term monitoring and management is necessary.

Contamination and risk assessment of trace metals and As in surface sediments from abandoned gold mining sites of Bekao, Adamawa-Cameroon

This paper assesses the spatial distribution and the trace metal and As contamination in surface sediments along the Lom River in the abandoned gold mining sites of Bekao (Adamawa Cameroon). A total of thirty one (31) surface sediment samples is collected and analyzed to determine the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, Pb and As. The results obtained are compared with the Average Shale Values (ASVs) and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) as the threshold effect concentration (TEC), the probable effect concentration (PEC), the Effect Range Low (ERL) and the Effect Range Median (ERM). To assess the trace metal and As pollution level in sediments, nine environmental pollution indices, namely geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor EF, contamination factor (CF), contamination degree CD, modified degree of contamination (mCD), Nemerow index (NI), contamination severity index (CSI), probability of toxicity (MERMQ) and potential ecological risk RI are used. In addition, Pearson’s correlation matrix and General Linear Model (GLM) are used to determine the pollution indices which adjust better with the trace metals and As concentrations. The results reveal that the sequence of trace metals and As mean concentrations was Fe ¿ Mn ¿ Cu ¿ Ni ¿ Sn ¿ Cr ¿ Zn ¿ Pb ¿ As, and the mean concentrations of Zn, Ni, Sn, and Cu exceed the ASVs. Based on the sediments quality guidelines (SQGs), sediments are polluted in Ni and Cu. According to the Igeo, EF and CF, Sn and Cu reveal a high level of contamination with significant enrichment and Ni a moderate level of contamination and enrichment. The results of the calculation of CD, mCD, and NI indices suggest significant contamination, high contamination and high pollution of trace metals and As in sediments, respectively. Globally, CSI demonstrates an ultra-high severity contamination, MERMQ a high-medium priority with a toxic probability of 49% and RI show a moderate ecological risk. Pearson’s correlation matrix and GLM suggest that CSI and MERMQ are the indices which adjust better with trace metals and As in sediments.

Assessment of Edaphic pollution indices and bioaccumulation of trace metals in Solanum lycopersicum, Spinacia oleracea and Triticum aestivum: an associated health risk evaluation

The present study investigates bioaccumulation factor (Bfc), Edaphic pollution indices and associated health risk assessment of trace metals (TMs) i.e., Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and Co in the crops, agricultural soil (AgS), and irrigation water (IgW) collected from various peri-urban area of metropolitan city of India, Lucknow. Though the level of these TMs was within the permissible limits (PL) (FAO/WHO, 2011) in AgS and IgW however it was higher than PL in tomato, spinach and wheat cultivated in the fields. The bioaccumulation factor of Cu, Fe and Mn in edible parts of tomato, spinach and wheat was 8 to 25 times higher through the AgS and 10 to 300 times higher through the IgW in the tomato, spinach and wheat samples. The enrichment factor (Efc), contamination factor (Cfc), contamination degree (Cdg) and modified contamination degree (mCdg) values of Co, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn ranged from low to high levels of contamination, whereas the geo-accumulation index reflected low contamination in agricultural soil. on the other hand, the metal pollution load index (Mpi) was found strongly contaminated in most of the study areas. Due to the consumption of these contaminated vegetables and cereal (VCs) by human consumers, the hazard quotient (HQ), total hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) were found to be more than the requisite value of 1, which indicates a far-long health risk in this crowded city and its surrounding regions.

Risk Assessment of Trace Metals Using Chemical Speciation, Bioavailability, and Cluster Analysis Around Wadi EL Bey (Gulf of Tunis, Tunisia)

ABSTRACT The Wadi El Bey is one of the most vulnerable areas to pollution in the northeast of Tunisia, altered by anthropogenic and natural processes. This study uses the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) approach and statistical tools, particularly the student’s t-test and the cluster analysis, to evaluate the danger of metals zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) pose. This work is to assess the long-term evolution and mobility of heavy metals in the core soils of the Wadi El Bey River Bed. Heavy metals in SC1 followed the descending order Fe>Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb>Cd and in SC2 it was Fe>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cd>Pb. The (BCR) procedure showed that in soil cores SC1 and SC2, Ni was mainly associated with the exchangeable fractions (F1). However, the Zn and Cu were linked to the residual fractions (F4). The student’s t-test confirmed that the difference in vertical distribution between the SC1 and SC2 of Zn and Pb is statistically significant (p-value<.05) contrary to Ni (P = .06), Cd (P = .79), Cu (P = .38) demonstrated a common origin for these metals in the Wadi El Bey. The cluster analysis revealed that pH was the main responsible factor influencing the migration of Cu, Ni, and Zn toward the labile fractions in SC1. Whereas the total organic carbon influenced the Zn fixation in the most stable fraction in SC2. The use of pollution indices showed strong contamination by Ni, Cu, and Cd and moderate contamination by Zn and Pb. The risk assessment code (RAC) showed that Zn and Cu had a low to medium risk whereas medium to high risk for Ni. For better management and better control of heavy metal pollution in ecosystems with intermittent regimes, we advise a tertiary treatment of wastewater before evacuating it in Wadi el Bey.

Risk assessment of trace metals in Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) grown under wastewater irrigation conditions

Heavy metal contamination of food crop plants is viewed as a global issue. Heavy metals like cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), and mercury (Hg) are poisonous. Depending on their concentration and capacity for bioaccumulation, they can provide a range of health risks.This research sought to investigate the effects of toxic metals (TMs) on the growth characteristics of produced tomatoes grown under wastewater irrigation. Additionally, it looked into the potential repercussions of both domestic and foreign individuals consuming this plant. In south Cairo, Egypt, two study locations were looked into: a control site in Abu Ragwan, which received water from tributaries of the Nile River, and a contaminated site in El-Shobak El-Sharky, which had raw industrial wastewater. The nutrients of soil and tomato plants (N, P, and K) decreased (P < 0.01), while TMs increased (P < 0.001) significantly as a result of using wastewater for irrigation. Except for Cu, all examined TM accumulating in tomato plants’ roots as opposed to shoots had a bioaccumulation factor (BF) > 1. However, the tomato plant’s shoot had solely undergone Pb and Ni translocation and storage, with a translocation factor (TF) > 1. A significant amount of Fe (5000.1 mg kg−1), Pb (360.7 mg kg−1), and Mn (356.3 mg kg−1) were present in the edible fruits. The ingestion of contaminated crops increases the daily intake rate of metals (DIR). The values of the high hazard quotient (HQ) were obtained (2073.8 and 2558.9 for Pb, 574.0 and 708.3 for Cd, and 41.1 and 50.7 for Fe for adults and children, respectively). Therefore, tomato plants grown in soils irrigated with untreated wastewater may offer a greater danger to human health, indicating that they should not be grown as a crop for human consumption.

Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and probabilistic ecological risk assessment of trace metals in surface sediments of Daya Bay (China) using diffusive gradients in thin films

This research is one main objective to assess combined toxicity of trace metal mixtures in aquatic biota in coastal sediments. Coastal sediments around the world are a major reservoir of trace metals from industrial wastewater discharge. Our case study site, Daya Bay in southern China, was selected because it has been under severe man-made impacts. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique has proven to be a good method for measuring the bioavailability of trace metals. The bioavailability and distribution of trace metals in surface sediments were investigated along with their possible biological risks. The average bioavailable (DGT-labile) concentrations (μg/L) were 0.44 (V), 0.51 (Cr), 52.49 (Mn), 0.10 (Co), 1.36 (Ni), 0.74 (Cu), 14.53 (Zn), 0.97 (As), 0.14 (Se), 6.73 (Mo), 0.17 (Cd), 0.27 (Sb), 0.10 (W), and 1.32 (Pb). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) is a robust multivariate ordination method that makes no assumptions about the distribution of the underlying data. NMS was used to explore that DGT-labile concentrations of trace metals were influenced by sediment properties. NMS results indicated that most DGT- labile trace metals influenced by sediment properties. Risk assessment of single trace metal toxicity revealed that risk quotient (RQ) values for Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb significantly exceeded 1, demonstrating that the toxic effects of these trace metals should be not ignored. The probabilistic ecological risk assessment for integral toxicity of one mixture of 14 trace metals revealed that Daya Bay surface sediments had a low probability (9.04 %) of adverse effects on aquatic biota.

Characterization, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Groundwater of Metropolitan Area in Lahore, Pakistan

Characterization, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Groundwater of Metropolitan Area in Lahore, Pakistan

Ecological risk assessment of trace metals in sediments and their effect on benthic organisms from the south coast of Zhejiang province, China

To explore the ecological risks of trace metals in sediments and their relationship with benthic organisms, 12 trace metals were analyzed and the macrobenthos were identified in the sediments collected from the south coast of Zhejiang province which belongs to the East China Sea. Spatially, the concentrations of most trace metals were high in the estuary, except for Ba and Sr. There was no obvious enrichment for trace metals, except that the concentration of Cd slightly exceeded the coastal background. The ecological risks calculated by the concentrations of Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni in sediments showed that the methods based on sediment quality guidelines could judge the ecological risk more intuitively than the methods based on background value (PN, PLI, RI). The significant correlations between ecological risks and benthos density and biomass revealed the negative impact of trace metals at high concentrations on macrobenthic survival in sediments.