Rise Of F2 Research Articles

Reduced coarticulation and aging

Lifespan changes in speech have mostly been documented with respects to children’s development, while little is known about its evolution throughout adulthood. More particularly our knowledge on the effect of aging on speech and voice is sparse. Changes have been found in voice quality [e.g., Xue & Hao, 2003], the speech rate has been described to slow down [e.g., Staiger et al. 2017), and pitch is said to raise for older males and to lower for older females [e.g., Harnsberger et al., 2008]. The present study aims to investigate the effect of aging on Vowelto_Vowel anticipatory coarticulation in French. This effect is tested according to vowel duration and to differences in regional varieties. Data from 240 speakers (half female) distributed across three age groups (20–45), (50–69), and (70–80) have been extracted from the MonPaGeHA database [Fougeron et al. 2018] which includes speakers from four regional varieties: France, Belgium, Switzerland, and Quebec. The influence of V2 (/a/ or /i/) on V1 (/a/) is measured as a lowering of F1 and a rise of F2. Results show that coarticulation and vowel duration varies with regional variety and that vowels of older speakers are lengthened. More interestingly, results show a reduction of coarticulation with age.

Structure functions and parton densities at HERA

A review of HERA I structure functions is presented. The rise of F2 at low ξ is discussed, and the first direct measurement of FL by the ZEUS collaboration is introduced, to complement the measurements previously made by H1. Charged and neutral current deep inelastic scattering cross sections are then reviewed, including the first polarised charged current deep inelastic scattering data from HERA II. A brief review of recent NLO QCD fits to HERA I data is then presented.

On the Origin of the Rise of F2 at Small x

We have shown that, provided that the nonperturbative input is regular at the right of the ω=0 singularity of the dominant DGLAP anomalous dimension, the rise of F2 at small x, experimentally measured by the averaged observable [Formula: see text], is input-independent in the perturbative Q2 regime at small x. [Formula: see text] appears to be more input-dependent in the same range. The GRV-type parametrizations verify these properties. Other models, namely the BFKL kernel (QCD dipoles), DGLAP (with a nonperturbative input singular at the right of the ω=0) give different predictions for λ. At moderate Q2, there is a possibility of distinguishing these different perturbative QCD predictions in the near future.

HERA Workshop on proton, photon and pomeron structure

HERA Workshop on proton, photon and pomeron structure