Rise Of Aquaculture Research Articles

Why aquaculture may not conserve wild fish.

We review literature on the displacement paradox and the Jevons paradox, with consideration of their implications for the potential effects of aquaculture on wild fisheries. The Jevons paradox refers to circumstances where improvements in the efficiency of resource use lead to growth in consumption and therefore undermine conservation. The displacement paradox refers to circumstances where increasing use of a potential substitute for a resource (e.g., farmed fish) does not lead to proportionate reduction in consumption of the other resource (e.g., wild fish). The literature on the displacement paradox and the Jevons paradox suggests that there may be unanticipated consequences from the rise of aquaculture that may be detrimental for fisheries conservation. Here, we present theoretical explanations, drawing on the tragedy of the commodity, for understanding the tendencies for these technological paradoxes to occur and emphasize their relevance for concerns associated with fisheries and aquaculture systems.

The anthropogenic effects on organic matter in sediment core based on Bayesian mixing model: a case study of Daya Bay.

Sediment is an important carrier of evidence about environmental evolution which receives huge volumes of organic material originated from both anthropogenic and natural sources. In this study, based on sedimentary chronology, the vertical trends of particle size distribution, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and their stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) in the sediment core of the nuclear power sea in southwest Daya Bay were analyzed, and the distribution characteristics and contribution ratios of different sources of organic matter in the sedimentary environment over the past 70years were resolved using a Bayesian mixing model (MixSIAR). TOC, TN, δ13C, and δ15N ranged from 0.89 to 1.56%, 0.09 to 0.2%, - 22.3 to - 20.6‰, and 4.38 to 6.51‰, respectively. The organic matter in the sediment is controlled by a mixture of terrestrial input and marine autochthonous, the proportion of organic matter from terrestrial sources increases, while that from marine sources decreases in the sediment core, which persists from 1960 to 2000, yet organic matter from marine sources still dominates. The first signs of increased primary productivity occurred in 1960, and it was primarily due to agricultural activity. After the 1980s, the rapid increase in population around Daya Bay, the construction of nuclear power plants, the rise of aquaculture, and the quick expansion of industrial bases were all major factors that changed the ecological environment of Daya Bay.

The search for blue transitions in aquaculture‐dominant countries

AbstractThe capacity for aquaculture to provide an alternative source of fish and seafood to capture fisheries was once promoted as a tool to reduce demand for wild fish and thus tackle overfishing. To date, there is little evidence to suggest that aquaculture growth has successfully reduced fishing effort on wild populations. Recent theory on “blue transitions” suggests that displacement may only occur as aquaculture production surpasses that of capture operations. Yet, there has been no systematic attempt to understand whether aquaculture‐driven fisheries displacement has occurred in countries where aquaculture is now the dominant production form. We investigate the role of aquaculture on fisheries landings in these “aquaculture‐dominant” countries using national‐level production, trade, consumption and socioeconomic data from 1980 to 2017. Importantly, we find that aquaculture growth is associated with fisheries decline in aquaculture‐dominant countries, but the marginal effects of aquaculture have a far weaker influence on wild‐caught landings than other promoting factors, such as fish consumption and trade. Further, our qualitative analysis of the state of wild fisheries in aquaculture‐dominant nations suggests that overexploitation continues to be pervasive and that any minimal displacement effects from aquaculture are unlikely to have offset the environmental impacts imposed by the growing sector. The rise of aquaculture as an alternative production form can provide valuable insights for growing industries developing sustainable new foods. Unless coupled with effective food consumption policy, such products may simply add to rather than displace the environmental impacts of human food production.

PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF FISH PRODUCTION IN AN EXTENSIVE POND FISH SYSTEM: A HUNGARIAN CASE STUDY

The aim of this paper is to examine case studies of production parameters and cost/income relationships of extensive pond fish systems. There is a global increase in demand for food, which presents huge challenges for terrestrial and aquatic food production to ensure sustainability. With the rise of aquaculture, fish meal – free, cereal-based carp production is becoming increasingly valuable from the perspective of sustainability. In addition, based on its production volume, cereal-based carp production is the third most significant fish species in global terms, while carp is also dominant among fish species in Hungarian pond systems. Data collected during the analysis were processed using descriptive statistical methods. To analyse the efficiency of production, changes in income were examined using different combinations of production parameters and certain cost items (ceteris paribus). Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that, in the case of the modelled farm, a 0.56 thousand € per hectare income can be realised. The initial cost and average weight at the moment of sales can greatly influence the profitability of a farm.

The Rise of Aquaculture: Is Farmed Salmon a Healthier Alternative than Wild Salmon?

Increased population led to an increased demand for seafood, ultimately innovating the seafood industry and rise of aquaculture. This technique allows fish, such as salmon, to be farm-raised in controlled conditions in attempts to provide sustainable fish for consumers while allowing wild fish to repopulate. Aquaculture nevertheless initiated environmental and human health concerns, sparking a debate whether farmed salmon is a healthier alternative than wild salmon. This Note discusses such concerns and suggests tools to address them like increased federal agency regulation, congressional intervention, and genetically engineered salmon.

Fish remains as a source to reconstruct long-term changes of fish communities in the Austrian and Hungarian Danube.

The main objective of this paper is to investigate how archaeological fish remains and written historical records can contribute to the reconstruction of long-term developments of fish communities along the Austrian and Hungarian Danube. Although such approaches are sensitive to various factors, the chronological subdivision and relative quantification of proxy data demonstrate environmental and faunal changes from Prehistory onwards. Intensification of fisheries, decline of large specimens and massive exploitation of small and young fish point to increasing pressure along the chronological sequence towards Early Modern times. One result of this impact was the establishment of regulations and laws to protect such fish. At the same time, the rise of aquaculture and common carp cultivation can be viewed as another upshot of human impact on the Danube’s environment. Finally, the massive import of salted marine fish reflects a compensation for the undersupply caused by overexploitation of the Danube fish fauna and points to the growing demand for fish as food in late medieval and Early Modern times.

Meeting the food and nutrition needs of the poor: the role of fish and the opportunities and challenges emerging from the rise of aquaculturea

People who are food and nutrition insecure largely reside in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa and for many, fish represents a rich source of protein, micronutrients and essential fatty acids. The contribution of fish to household food and nutrition security depends upon availability, access and cultural and personal preferences. Access is largely determined by location, seasonality and price but at the individual level it also depends upon a person's physiological and health status and how fish is prepared, cooked and shared among household members. The sustained and rapid expansion of aquaculture over the past 30 years has resulted in >40% of all fish now consumed being derived from farming. While aquaculture produce increasingly features in the diets of many Asians, it is much less apparent among those living in Sub-Saharan Africa. Here, per capita fish consumption has grown little and despite the apparently strong markets and adequate biophysical conditions, aquaculture has yet to develop. The contribution of aquaculture to food and nutrition security is not only just an issue of where aquaculture occurs but also of what is being produced and how and whether the produce is as accessible as that from capture fisheries. The range of fish species produced by an increasingly globalized aquaculture industry differs from that derived from capture fisheries. Farmed fishes are also different in terms of their nutrient content, a result of the species being grown and of rearing methods. Farmed fish price affects access by poor consumers while the size at which fish is harvested influences both access and use. This paper explores these issues with particular reference to Asia and Africa and the technical and policy innovations needed to ensure that fish farming is able to fulfil its potential to meet the global population's food and nutrition needs.

Emerging viral diseases of fish and shrimp.

The rise of aquaculture has been one of the most profound changes in global food production of the past 100 years. Driven by population growth, rising demand for seafood and a levelling of production from capture fisheries, the practice of farming aquatic animals has expanded rapidly to become a major global industry. Aquaculture is now integral to the economies of many countries. It has provided employment and been a major driver of socio-economic development in poor rural and coastal communities, particularly in Asia, and has relieved pressure on the sustainability of the natural harvest from our rivers, lakes and oceans. However, the rapid growth of aquaculture has also been the source of anthropogenic change on a massive scale. Aquatic animals have been displaced from their natural environment, cultured in high density, exposed to environmental stress, provided artificial or unnatural feeds, and a prolific global trade has developed in both live aquatic animals and their products. At the same time, over-exploitation of fisheries and anthropogenic stress on aquatic ecosystems has placed pressure on wild fish populations. Not surprisingly, the consequence has been the emergence and spread of an increasing array of new diseases. This review examines the rise and characteristics of aquaculture, the major viral pathogens of fish and shrimp and their impacts, and the particular characteristics of disease emergence in an aquatic, rather than terrestrial, context. It also considers the potential for future disease emergence in aquatic animals as aquaculture continues to expand and faces the challenges presented by climate change.

Aquaculture, capture fisheries, and wild fish stocks

This paper employs a general equilibrium model to examine how the rise of aquaculture and changes in wild fish stocks are related for herbivorous fish species. Two influences, human population growth and technological improvement in aquaculture, are studied. Both of these factors raise aquaculture production, but human population growth reduces wild fish stocks, while technological progress in aquaculture raises wild stocks.

Rapid Domestication of Marine Species

Domestication has had higher success rates in the sea relative to those seen in the long history of land species' domestication. The rise of aquaculture has global consequences.