Ring Windings Research Articles

Tension relaxation during the NOL ring winding process based on a novel tracking element method

The NOL ring is employed as a specimen to examine the properties of filament-wound composites, with its winding tension playing a pivotal role in determining the performance of the resultant wound products. Traditional methods used for modeling the winding process have several disadvantages, including inaccuracies in setting the tension and difficulties in controlling the thickness of the wound layers. To address these limitations, utilizing the response mechanism of the tracking element method, a precise three-dimensional (3D) winding finite element model of the NOL ring is constructed. Adopting a wireless film pressure testing system to dynamically measure interlayer pressures, improved the precision of our experimental results by decoupling factors affecting tension relaxation and focusing on the structural relaxation characteristics of winding tension in composite materials. Experimental results demonstrate that, using this model, the prediction error for the radial stress on the mandrel surface is only 6.03%, which is substantially lower than that of the conventional models (16.72%). In addition, the model is used to investigate the stress transfer mechanisms in the radial/circumferential directions of the winding layers on a macroscopic scale. Finally, it is demonstrated through examples that this model can also achieve equal residual tension through optimization, which is expected to improve the structural efficiency of wound products.

Antiskyrmions in Ferroelectric Barium Titanate.

Typical magnetic skyrmion is a string of inverted magnetization within a ferromagnet, protected by a sleeve of a vortexlike spin texture, such that its cross-section carries an integer topological charge. Some magnets form antiskyrmions, the antiparticle strings which carry an opposite topological charge. Here we demonstrate that topologically equivalent but purely electric antiskyrmion can exist in a ferroelectric material as well. In particular, our computer experiments reveal that the archetype ferroelectric, barium titanate, can host antiskyrmions at zero field. The polarization pattern around their cores reminds ring windings of decorative knots rather than the typical magnetic antiskyrmion texture. We show that the antiskyrmion of barium titanate has just 2-3nm in diameter, a hexagonal cross section, and an exotic topological charge with doubled magnitude and opposite sign when compared to the standard skyrmion string.

Energy harvesting from low-frequency vibrations of hanger using PVDF: An experimental study and performance analysis

Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH) are widely used to collect piezoelectric energy. However, adapting to different engineering application environments is difficult for traditional PEHs. To improve the engineering application value of PEH, a hanger piezoelectric energy harvester (HPEH) based on low frequency vibration of hanger is proposed in this paper. A dynamic electromechanical coupling model was established for hanger structure, and the effects of the external load resistance, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric film installation location, the stability of the PVDF piezoelectric film with different winding methods, and the external excitation amplitude on the energy output performance of the HPEH were studied. Results indicate that the optimal load resistance of the HPEH studied in this paper is 1.0 MΩ; the PVDF piezoelectric film location has a significant impact on the performance of the HPEH, and the output power is highest at hanger Lc/4; the PVDF piezoelectric films during ring winding is better than those in spiral winding for the same external cycle excitation; in the external excitation amplitude range of 2d–6d (d: hanger diameter), appropriately increasing the external excitation amplitude is conducive to improving the output voltage of the HPEH, with the root mean square voltage increasing by 95.11 % at external excitation amplitude A = 6d compared with that at the initial excitation amplitude. It provides an innovative solution for the field of cable structures and new energy sources, and the further research and application of this technology is expected to have a profound impact in the field of energy sustainability and engineering technology.

Strength and fatigue study of on-board type III cryo-compressed hydrogen storage cylinder

Due to its better energy storage density and lower costs for storage, cryo-compressed hydrogen (CcH2) storage provides a wide range of research potential. Based on the grid theory, The type III CcH2 storage cylinder's layup scheme is created using the working environment for on-board hydrogen storage. The failure of the composite layer of gas cylinders was determined using the maximum stress criterion, and hydrodynamic bursting tests on small-volume gas cylinders were utilized to confirm that the design method was appropriate. The innermost layer of the ring winding is where the largest fiber stress is found, according to simulation studies. The load-bearing capacity of the cylinder is improved and can reach 115.1 MPa with layers in the order of [90/±11.8/90]. The equivalent stress and fiber stress ratio of the cylinder continuously drop as the autofrettage pressure rises, while the cylinder's fatigue life gradually lengthens.

A Voltage-controllable Switched Reluctance Generator System with a ring winding structure

A Voltage-controllable Switched Reluctance Generator System with a ring winding structure

A Design Model of an Induction Motor with Ring Windings for Driving a Nuclear Waste Shredder

A Design Model of an Induction Motor with Ring Windings for Driving a Nuclear Waste Shredder

Multi-stage Drive of Switched Reluctance Motor Based on Ring Winding Structure

A new ring winding structure can drive switched reluctance motors (SRMs). It uses a full-bridge power converter circuit to drive SRMs and is significant for developing SRMs. For this structure, this paper proposes an optimization strategy. A voltage regulator is used to boost the winding current during the motor starting phase to ensure the average starting and low-speed operation of the motor. After the motor speed reaches a specific value, the passive device replaces the voltage regulator, which ensures the stable operation of the SRM while reducing the frequency of the voltage regulator and improving the service life of the regulator. This paper simulates the optimization strategy of the ring winding structure and derives the calculation method for switching speed.

Modeling of a two-degree-of-freedom fiber-reinforced soft pneumatic actuator

AbstractFiber winding reinforcement is widely used in soft robotic manipulators actuated by pressurized fluids. However, the specific effect of each type of winding on the bending motion of a tubular soft robotics manipulator with three chambers has not been explored widely. We present the development of precise finite element (FE) simulations and investigate the effect of helical fiber winding parameters on the bending motion of a two-degree-of-freedom manipulator with three internal chambers. We first show the development of an FE simulation that optimizes convergence and computational time and precisely matches the behavior of soft robots in practice. Compared to single-chamber robots, simulating three-chamber designs is more challenging due to the complex geometry. We then apply our FE model to simulate all the parameter variations. We show that for helical winding with a constant pitch, the closer the center of a chamber is to the intersection of the windings, the lower the bending stiffness of the chamber is. To minimize bending stiffness variation in different bending directions, the optimal angle between the center of the first chamber and the intersection of the two helical windings are 0° and 12°. Reducing the pitch of the helical windings or using other types of windings (i.e., ring winding or six helical winding) reduces the stiffness variation across different bending directions. The FE simulations are compared with experiments showing that the model can capture complex bending behaviors of the manipulator, even though the estimation tends to be less accurate at higher bending angles.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СХЕМЫ ЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ АСИНХРОННОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ С КОЛЬЦЕВЫМИ ОБМОТКАМИ

Induction motors with ring windings (IMRW) are designed for the processing of nuclear waste. The sta-tor winding coils are covered with ceramic insulation to allow for long-term operation in conditions of increased radiation. The stator coils are ring shaped, in order to reduce the bend angle. The stator has a specific design consisting of tooth tips located around the axis of rotation and tooth cores placed over the tooth tips in a spiral. The first IMRW prototype was manufactured by UrFU together with “Uralelectromash”. It was designed to the same diameters as an induction motor of a classical design with a power P = 2.2 kW, with a synchronous rotation speed n = 1000 rpm. The fundamentally new ar-mature design involves the search for new solutions for determining machine parameters, such as inductances, electro-magnetic torques. The article discusses a method of equivalent circuit parameter calculation for IMRW using the “ANSYS Maxwell” in 3D mode. In order to determine stator winding leakage inductances, a static analysis of the model with the ro-tor removed was used. Mutual inductance is defined as the difference between stator winding phase impedance and leak-age inductance. The active resistance of the magnetizing circuit and the impedance of the motor can be determined using the IMRW no-load and short-circuit characteristics obtained in ANSYS Maxwell. The paper also provides an example of calculating the mechanical characteristics of a motor using the analytical method (AM).This involves the use of equivalent circuit parameters, and the finite element method (FEM). The use of FEM for calculating the mechanical characteristics implies the analysis of IMRW in a dynamic mode. This allows the electromagnetic torque to be determined at a user-specified rotor speed. In conclusion, a comparative analysis of the parameters of a classic engine and IMRW engine, of the same size, is given. Recommendations are given for further improvement of the design of IMRW engines.

Application of Ring Winding in Induction Motor

To solve the low power factor and efficiency of the conventional induction motor (IM), ordinary single-layer windings are changed to ring windings (RW) to improve motor performance. Firstly, structural features of RW are described. Then a dual-rotor ring winding induction motor (DRRWIM) is proposed, and the structure, magnetic circuit and circuit characteristics of DRRWIM are analyzed. Based on the analysis result, the motor design method for DRRWIM is proposed. The basic size is determined through the proposed method, and the electromagnetic performance of DRRWIM is calculated. Finally, a comparison between DRRWIM and the Y-type traditional IM with the same power and poles number proves that DRRWIM is more efficient and energy- saving.

Тороидальная равнонапряженная оболочка сосуда давления, образованная меридиональной и окружной намоткой нитей

The paper outlines the prospects for the use of composite toroidal high-pressure cylinders for the breathing apparatus of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, fire brigades, industrial workers, which are more ergonomic in comparison with their cylindrical counterparts. Relying on the analytical solution of the equilibrium equations, we determined the shape of the cross-section of toroidal shells reinforced along the meridians and representing intersecting loop-like curves that form an infinitely long corrugated pipe. The study introduces a solution for a toroidal composite pressure vessel formed by the intersection of the upper and lower branches of the shell, reinforced along the meridians, and a profiled ring layer of filaments installed at the point of their intersection. The parameters of the toroidal uniformly stressed pressure vessel shell made by ring and meridian filament winding are calculated.

Analysis and Comparative Evaluation of Multi Stack and Novel Single Stack Polyphase Transverse Flux Machines

Transverse flux machines (TFMs) originally have heteropolar arrangement of permanent magnets (PMs) on the rotor and a ring winding on the stator. These conventional TFMs are single stack single phase machines. To realize a multi stack polyphase machine, multiple single phase TFMs have to be stacked together. As an alternative to conventional multi stack polyphase TFM (T 0), a single stack polyphase TFM (T 1) is proposed in this paper. The proposed single stack polyphase TFM has homopolar arrangement of PMs on the rotor and a polyphase winding on the stator. Both the machines (T 0 and T 1) are analyzed using magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) and finite element analysis (FEA). The machines are compared on the basis of their structure, material requirement, parameters and performance. The outcome of the comparative study of the TFM topologies under consideration, leads to correlation between structure of the TFMs and their performance. In this work benefits and limiting factors of the proposed topology over the conventional topology are discussed. Prototype of the proposed machine is developed and experimental validation of the proposal is presented.

Performance Analysis of Double-Sided Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor With Quasi-Sinusoidal Ring Windings

With the development of high performance processing system, high precision Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor (PMLSM) has been the focus of research. This paper provides a novel double-sided PMLSM with quasi- sinusoidal ring windings, to reduce the thrust ripple while keep the average thrust at a suitable value. Firstly, the distributions of the magnetic fields in this motor are analyzed, the low-order harmonics of armature magnetic field induced by the quasi- sinusoidal ring windings are studied, by equivalent magnetizing current (EMC) method. The winding factor and the Back Electromagnetic Force of this PMLSM are analyzed theoretically and verified by finite-element (FEM) method, based on the specific structure of quasi-sinusoidal ring windings. Furthermore, the electromagnetic thrust analysis is provided, which is aimed at the influence of the novel winding structure. Finally, a prototype of the double-sided PMLSM with quasi-sinusoidal ring windings is manufactured to verify the effectiveness of the topology proposed in this research. The presented results show that this novel motor can provide a great thrust property, it has a potential in high performance industry applications.

A Novel Flux Reversal Claw Pole Machine With Soft Magnetic Composite Cores

This paper proposes a novel flux reversal claw pole machine (FRCPM) with soft magnetic composite (SMC) cores, the proposed FRCPM has both the advantages of flux reversal permanent magnet machine (FRPMM) and claw pole machine (CPM). Specifically, with the permanent magnets (PMs) are surface mounted on the surface of stator claw pole teeth with a determined pattern, the FRCPM can operate based on flux reversal principle. As the adopted winding is global ring winding and 3D magnetic flux stator core structure is similar to the CPM's, the FRCPM is operated based on magnetic flux characteristic of the CPM as well. Therefore, the FRCPM can be operated under relatively high rotate speed since there is no winding or PMs on rotor, and the weak PMs, ring winding and SMC stator cores are encapsulated together as a whole part. Moreover the adopted 3D magnetic flux path can bring FRCPM with relatively high torque ability, and the adopted SMC cores can bring FRCPM with low core loss at the high speed operation. The operation principle of FRCPM is explained, the power equation is deduced for obtaining the initial design, and the main dimensions are optimized to ensure the developed FRCPM can have good performance. The main electromagnetic parameters and performance of FRCPM are obtained based on using the 3D finite element method (FEM).

Influence of open‐circuit fault on electromagnetic field of high‐speed permanent magnet generator with Gramme ring windings

As the core of the distributed generation system, the health status of high-speed permanent magnet generator (HSPMG) has attracted much attention. HSPMG is often used in military, rescue and other fields. When the open-circuit fault of HSPMG stator winding occurs, it will seriously affect the operation stability and power supply reliability. In this study, a 117 kW, 60,000 rpm HSPMG is taken as an example, and a 2D finite element model is established. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the calculated results with the experimental data. By the field-circuit coupling method, the magnetic field changes pre-and post-fault is analysed, and the mechanism of magnetic field spatial distribution changes post-fault is revealed. In addition, the changes in eddy current loss pre-and post-fault are analysed. The influence of the harmonic magnetic field and the rotating magnetic field produced by negative sequence current on eddy current loss is studied, and the dominant factors effecting eddy current loss post-fault are investigated. The study provides some useful conclusions for HSPMG fault analysis.

Investigation of demagnetization phenomenon in novel ring winding AFPM motor with modified algorithm

Abstract Permanent magnet motors have been used recently for many application thanks to high efficiency, high reliability, high power and torque density. However, these motors are vulnerable to demagnetization. This phenomenon reduces motor power and torque density. In this paper, an improved algorithm that considers only the flux density in the direction of magnetization is presented. Then an irreversible demagnetization in the Ring Winding Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (RWAFPM) motor is conducted during normal operating condition. Also, the effect of different factors such as temperature, armature reaction and self-demagnetization is investigated using Finite Element Method. In addition demagnetization tolerant of the motor at the various temperature conditions is carried out. Finally, using the Time Stepping Finite Element Method (TSFEM), the electromagnetic torque of the motor is calculated.

Influence of inter‐turn short‐circuit fault on the loss of high speed permanent magnet generator with Gramme ring windings

The primary problem brought by high speed is high-frequency loss. The loop current (LC) of inter-turn short-circuit fault causes serious distortion of the magnetic field in high speed permanent magnet generator (HSPMG), whose effects on the loss cannot be ignored. In order to reveal the influence mechanism of ITSC fault on the loss, the two-dimensional finite element model of the 117 kW, 60,000 rpm HSPMG is established. By comparing calculation results and test data, the accuracy of the model is verified. The distribution of the eddy current density is studied, and the fundamental reason for the sharp increase of eddy-current loss after fault is found. The core losses at different positions were obtained by segmenting stator core, and the variation mechanisms of core losses at different positions are revealed. The change of heat source distribution of stator core after fault is determined. The variation of winding copper loss after fault is analysed, and the influence degree of the LC on the fault phase and healthy phase copper loss is determined. In addition, because the temperature field is directly related to the loss, the research also laid a foundation for the next analysis of the temperature field.

Influence of Inter-turn Short-Circuit Fault Considering Loop Current on Electromagnetic Field of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Generator with Gramme Ring Windings

As a kind of emergency power supply in military field, the high-speed permanent magnet generator (HSPMG) has attracted wide attention to its healthy condition. The loop current (LC) of the inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) fault seriously endangers the generator unit operation stability and power supply reliability. In order to study the influence of pulsating magnetic field produced by LC on the electromagnetic field, the two-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of the 117 kW, 60000 rpm HSPMG is established. By comparing calculation result and test data, the accuracy of the model is verified. The field-circuit coupling method is used to reveal the change mechanism of magnetic field symmetry when ITSC fault occurs. By comparing the spatial distribution of the air-gap flux density, the relationship among the spatial distribution of the air-gap flux density, the elliptical rotating magneto-motive force (MMF) and the current phase angle is determined. The variation of the amplitude of the air-gap flux density space harmonic under different fault degree is studied, and the fault characteristics of ITSC fault are obtained, which provides a reference for ITSC fault diagnosis and fault degree identification. In addition, the research also laid a theoretical foundation for the next analysis of the loss and temperature field.

Specification and Design of Ring Winding Axial Flux Motor for Rim-Driven Thruster of Ship Electric Propulsion

This paper proposes an application of a new electric motor topology named ring-winding axial flux machine (AFM) for rim-driven thruster of ship propulsion system. Ring-winding AFM has many advantages, such as reliability, simple construction, ease of increasing phase numbers, and pole numbers, which are important for marine application. In rim-driven thruster, the electric motor is fitted in the duct surrounding propeller so that electric motor and propeller are integrated into one unit. Due to this integration, the electric motor design is more affected by the design of propeller and hull. This paper presents a new method to determine electric motor specifications considering propeller and hull. Design methodology and constraints are presented for the ring-winding AFM as well. To prove the concept of the proposed topology, confirm manufacturability, and substantiate validity of three-dimensional (3-D) FEM simulations, a small-scale prototype is fabricated and tested. Furthermore, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for determining electric motor specifications, a case study is done for Nordhavn 52 ship. Then, a ring-winding AFM is designed and its performance is evaluated with 3-D FEM simulations.

Cogging Torque Minimization in Transverse Flux Machines

This paper presents the design considerations in cogging torque minimization in two types of transverse flux machines. The machines have a double stator-single rotor configuration with flux concentrating ferrite magnets. One of the machines has pole windings across each leg of an E-Core stator. Another machine has quasi-U-shaped stator cores and a ring winding. The flux in the stator back iron is transverse in both machines. Different methods of cogging torque minimization are investigated. Key methods of cogging torque minimization are identified and used as design variables for optimization using a design of experiments (DOEs) based on the Taguchi method. A multilevel DOE is proposed as an optimization method to reach an optimum solution with minimum simulations. The case study is analyzed in a two-level DOE optimization. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to study the different effects. Two prototypes are fabricated for validating the FEA results.