Ring Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

High radiation efficiency and tunable resonance planar double-turn spiral antenna for manipulation of nitrogen-vacancy centers.

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising quantum sensors, where microwave antennas play a crucial role in manipulating the spin states accurately. Conventional microwave antennas often struggle to balance radiation efficiency and bandwidth. To address this challenge, we design a planar double-turn spiral antenna (PDTSA), based on the ring microstrip antenna (RMA). PDTSA demonstrates an ∼4.5-fold increase in radiation efficiency compared to RMA. In addition, the PDTSA allows linear tunability of the resonance frequency up to 500MHz by adjusting the spiral input length. This feature addresses the limitations of a narrow working frequency range, which are typically caused by the narrowband in high-radiation-efficiency antennas. The experimental results show that at an absolute input power of 1W, the PDTSA increases the Rabi frequency from 1.72 to 8.06MHz compared to the RMA. This enhancement accelerates quantum state manipulation and reduces phase accumulation errors. These characteristics make PDTSA suitable for applications in quantum sensing and precision measurements using NV centers.

Three-Dimensional Printed Annular Ring Aperture-Fed Antenna for Telecommunication and Biomedical Applications

The design of the aperture-fed annular ring (AFAR) microstrip antenna is presented. This proposed design will ease the fabrication and usability of the 3D-printed and solderless 2D materials. This antenna consists of three layers: the patch, the slot within the ground plane as the power transfer medium, and the microstrip line as the feeding. The parameters of the proposed design are investigated using the finite element method FEM to achieve the 50 Ω impedance with the maximum front-to-back ratio of the radiation pattern. This study was performed based on four steps, each investigating one parameter at a time. These parameters were evaluated based on an initial design and prototype. The optimized design of 3D AFAR attained S11 around 17 dB with a front-to-back ratio of more than 30 dB and a gain of around 3.3 dBi. This design eases the process of using a manufacturing process that involves 3D-printed and 2D metallic materials for antenna applications.

A novel broadband and high-gain compact annular ring microstrip antenna for satellite applications

Abstract This article presents a novel compact design of an annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA), which has two stacked annular rings and is fabricated on a FR4 substrate for radar and satellite applications. The presence of different kinds of slots made the design of the recommended antenna very unique for Ku band applications. This novel compact structure of the antenna provided enhanced bandwidth and high gain. The suggested antenna works in Ku band and has 2.70 GHz bandwidth and 8.42 dB gain, which makes it suitable for satellite applications. The quality parameters of the proposed annular ring microstrip antenna have been compared with other existing annular ring microstrip antennas, which shows its efficient performance.

POWER SUPPLY OF RING ANTENNA USING DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS

Context. The circular polarization of radio waves is used in various electronic systems. This includes, for example, space communications stations, some radio relay communication systems, radar stations, data transmission systems and others. The characteristics of radio wave propagation are studied by using electromagnetic waves separated by circular orthogonal polarization in radiomonitoring and radiocontrol systems. Compared to other antenna types, circularly polarized antennas, such as rings, have superior design simplicity and excellent electrodynamics properties.
 Objective. The objective of this study is to analyse the characteristics and application of directional microstrip couplers for supplying power to ring antennas.
 Method. To better the performance of microstrip ring antennas, the reasons for their limited operating frequency range are analysed. These causes include the frequency-dependent parameters of the coupler, errors in calculating the directional coupler circuit, and radiation from asymmetric strip lines. To understand how supply lines, affect antenna characteristics, correlations between radiation fields determined in both its coordinate system and that of the primary axis are taken into account.
 Results. An analysis of the dependence graphs of the main characteristics of ring microstrip antennas with intricate power supply circuits for directional couplers and comparison with similar characteristics for simple circuits revealed that the shape of the radiation pattern in the higher radiation hemisphere became symmetrical about the axis, especially when symmetrically supplying the ring with branch-line couplers. The frequency band has also widened, at which there was an acceptable degree of deviation in the ellipticity coefficient from unity.
 Conclusions. The simulation results of microstrip ring antennas with power lines connected to directional couplers of different types showed that supplying the ring antenna with electricity via the directional coupler ensures circular polarization for the emitted electromagnetic waves. Additionally, the range of operating frequencies where there is only a small discrepancy in ellipticity coefficient remains at an acceptable level of –3 dB is quite broad. By utilizing directional branch-line couplers to power a ring antenna, it is possible to simultaneously emit both right and left circularly polarized waves with the same antenna.

A CMA-Based Electronically Reconfigurable Dual-Mode and Dual-Band Antenna

In this work, an electronically reconfigurable dual-band dual-mode microstrip ring antenna with high isolation is proposed. Using characteristic mode analysis (CMA), the physical characteristics of the ring antenna are revealed, and two modes are appropriately chosen for operation in two sub-6 GHz “legacy” bands. Due to the inherent orthogonality of the characteristic modes, measured isolation larger than 37 dB was achieved in both bands without requiring complicated decoupling approaches. An integrated electronically reconfigurable matching network (comprising PIN diodes and varactors) was designed to switch between the two modes of operation. The simulated and measured results were in excellent agreement, showing a peak gain of 4.7 dB for both modes and radiation efficiency values of 44.3% and 64%, respectively. Using CMA to gain physical insights into the radiative orthogonal modes of under-researched and non-conventional antennas (e.g., antennas of arbitrary shapes) opens the door to developing highly compact radiators, which enable next-generation communication systems.

Design and Analysis of Wideband Stair Step-Shaped Rectangular Ring Microstrip Antenna with DGS for IoT Applications

A novel miniature wideband rectangular ring antenna is proposed for 4.6–6.2 GHz which is compatible with IoT applications. The wideband response of the proposed antenna is achieved by a partial ground and stair step structure. Because modifying the width and etching the ground plane does not improve the impedance matching over a large bandwidth, a triangular shape DGS is inserted in the partial ground plane to increase the antenna bandwidth with enhanced return loss. The wideband features of the antenna were explored here by incorporating different DGS shapes such as triangles, rectangle, pentagon, circle, and oval in the partial ground. The results have been successfully verified through measurement. The simulated fractional bandwidth is greater than 29% at 4.6–6.2 GHz whereas the measured fractional bandwidth is 27.6% at 4.75–6.2 GHz. In both cases, the maximum return loss is greater than 55 dB. The gain of the antenna is greater than 2.6 dB with good efficiency and nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern in shape. Due to its compact size and outstanding performance, the suggested stair stepshaped rectangular ring antenna could be a promising choice for IoT and wireless applications.

Design of Hexagonal Ring Wearable Textile Antenna using Polyester for Early Bone Health Detection

In this research manuscript, the author proposes an innovative solution for monitoring and preliminary detection of bone health with the use of a newly designed Hexagonal Ring Wearable Textile Antenna (HRWTA) using polyester material. The HRWTA is designed and fabricated using polyester conductive electro-textile as radiating fabric and polyester fabric as substrate having dielectric constant of 1.44 with loss tangent of 0.01. The motivation behind this work stems from the increasing number of osteoporosis cases around the world has led to a greater need for new, non-invasive ways to keep track of bone health. Leveraging advancements in microwave technology and antenna design, this study introduces a novel approach by drawing parallels between hexagonal ring and annular ring microstrip antennas, resulting in a precise empirical formula for resonance frequency calculation [9]. Rigorous validation through simulations and experiments showcases the antenna's accuracy in assessing bone health parameters. HRWTA, born from this formula, offers a discreet and affordable means for continuous bone health monitoring, holding significant promise for early intervention and improved healthcare outcomes in the face of the growing osteoporosis challenge. The return loss bandwidth of HRWTA is 350 MHz (3.39 GHz-3.74 GHz, 10%). Also, it has a peak gain of 2.5 dB at 3.5 GHz. Hence, HRWTA is suitable for wireless body area network (WBAN) as it has good radiation characteristics.

Phase‐shifted circularly polarised ring microstrip antenna and application in phased array antennas

A phase-shifted circularly polarised ring microstrip antenna (PS-CP-RMSA), which can switch between three different phases, is proposed. The phase of a circularly polarised antenna can be shifted by changing the angle of rotation. Taking advantage of this property, the proposed PS-CP-RMSA comprises a circularly polarised ring microstrip antenna (CP-RMSA) with three groups of feed lines and perturbation elements; phase shift can be achieved by switching their groups. Thus, the phase of a circularly polarised antenna can be electronically shifted without phase shifters, which has been difficult in the past. Therefore, the PS-CP-RMSA array can perform beam tilt electronically. In this study, PS-CP-RMSA and its four-element array were designed, fabricated, and measured. The maximum circular polarisation gain of the prototype PS-CP-RMSA was 6.3 dBic with an axial ratio of 1.1 dB at 5.7 GHz. The maximum gain of the boresight directional beam of the four-element array was 11.3 dBic with an axial ratio of 0.4 dB at 5.67 GHz. The proposed antenna can be a candidate for a new beam-control method for array antennas.

Design of dual-polarized triple-band concentric annular-ring microstrip patch antenna for GPS applications

AbstractA triple-frequency operated concentric annular ring microstrip antenna which is single fed is presented. The proposed antenna with three concentric annular rings and two symmetrical notches on its outer ring and having a cross slot in its ground surface shows triple band at resonance frequency 1.22760, 1.57542, and 2.18 GHz, respectively. At the first two bands (GPS L2 and GPS L1), circular polarization characteristic is observed and the third band observes linear polarization finding its application in Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). The complete dimension of the antenna designed and fabricated is only 51.6 × 51.6 × 1.6 mm3. Experimental results depict the proposed antenna gain of 3.31, 3.55, and 3.50 dBi in three bands, respectively, and closely matches with the theoretical results.

Annular Ring Ultra Wideband Antenna Integrated With Metallic via Array for IoT Applications

An annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA) with metallic drilled holes and a defected ground structure is proposed for ultra-wideband applications. The annular ring microstrip patch antenna is excited by the microstrip line feed. The outer radius of the annular ring was optimized in this paper to choose the resonant frequency corresponding to the highest mode. The inner radius boosts the structure’s gain. A defected conductive strip with an arc in the center increases bandwidth at the lower end, increases gain and suppresses Co and Cross-pole isolation. Incorporating a metallic via array excites and includes several closely spaced lower order modes, increasing the fractional bandwidth to 108%. The gain of the proposed configuration is 10dBi at the resonance frequency. It offers Front to back lobe ratio (FBR) of 34dB and 97% radiation efficiency. The performance of the fabricated prototype agrees well with the simulated one.

Design of the Circularly Polarized Ring Microstrip Antenna with Shorting Pins

Design of the Circularly Polarized Ring Microstrip Antenna with Shorting Pins

Bandwidth Enhancement of Circular Ring Patch by Loading Single Split Complementary Split Ring Resonator

Metamaterials have gained a lot of interest in modern wireless devices due to their electromagnetic characteristics and it is employed to improve antenna parameters such as bandwidth, gain and efficiency. The study presents a novel strategy of single split non-uniform width Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) equipped Circular ring Microstrip Antenna (CRMA). The radiating element dimensions are seen to be 20 mm x 20 mm at the initial working frequency wherein the CSRR is incorporated on the ground plane of CRMA. The single split non-uniform width metamaterial (CSRR) structure displays -10 dB impedance bandwidth at 11.1 and 13.56 GHz which is beneficial for applications pertaining to X and Ku band. The total bandwidth of the said metamaterial antenna is 4 GHz (10.73-14.75). Optimization is undertaken with the help of commercially assessable simulation software tool Ansys HFSS 2019 version and practically measured using network analyzer. It is quite obvious from the experimentation that the results calculated get along well with the assumed outcomes.

Novel and Compact Circular Ring Microstrip Antenna with Parasitic Chip for 5G Applications

In this work, a circular patch antenna is designed and a parametric study in terms of different geometrical parameters is conducted. As a second step, a parasitic chip is introduced on top of the proposed circular patch antenna in the aim to enhance the gain and antenna efficiency. The proposed antenna operates at 25.61 GHz (With a frequency range between24.383 GHz and 27.7 GHz), suitable for 5G applications. The antenna modelling with and without parasitic chip, along with the performance analysis is conducted with CST Studio Electromagnetic (EM) simulator software. A compact size of 10×10×1.547 mm3, easy to fabricate, broadband characteristics up to 3.31 GHz with a high gain up to 6.87 dB, total efficiency of 95 % and a minimum return loss low than -68.02 dB covering the operating frequency range. Lastly, to investigate and validate the antenna overall performance, both frequency and time domain-based simulation is performed, and a good agreement is obtained.

Design, simulation, and fabrication of a double annular ring microstrip antenna based on gaps with multiband feature

A novel double annular-ring microstrip antenna, split into six sectors, is proposed to achieve multiband operation with high gain and impedance bandwidth. The gaps on the driven and parasitic patches excite resonant frequencies that are located in the Ku-, K-, and Ka-bands thus making the antenna capable of these multiband applications. The present design is numerically and experimentally investigated. This investigation indicates that the suggested antenna achieves four operating bands, with impedance bandwidths of 1.72 GHz (12.16–13.88 GHz), 2.04 GHz (19.28–21.32 GHz), 1.54 GHz (24.04–25.58 GHz), and 1.97 GHz (27.37–29.34 GHz) which correspond to the resonant frequencies of 13.10 GHz, 20.72 GHz, 25.00 GHz, and 28.85 GHz, respectively. Also, the new design achieves good values of gain (6.11–8.31) dB and a return loss of between −16.14 dB and −21.52 dB. The commercial tool Ansoft high frequency structure simulator is used to simulate the designed antennas and it compared with the obtained measurement data. The comparison shows close agreement between the simulations and measurements.

A single layer broadband microstrip ring antenna for wide-angle scan phased array

ABSTRACT In this paper, a broadband microstrip ring antenna with single layer and compact size is proposed. The bandwidth of conventional microstrip ring antenna is increased from 1%~3% to 15% by loading an additional stub. A simple formula is presented as the design guideline of the proposed antenna. Based on the proposed antenna element, a linear array working at 19 ~ 21 GHz is designed and fabricated, the array can steer to 60° with gain reduction less than 3.5 dB, good agreement is observed between the experimental and simulated results.

Investigation of annular ring microstrip antenna using conformal mapping

Annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMA) is investigated here using the conformal mapping technique. The annular ring shape is transformed into a rectangular one using conformal mapping. The wave equation is solved in the transformed domain to find the approximate solution of the eigenfunction and eigenvalue for different TMmnp modes. Resonant frequency, internal field patterns, input impedance and far-field radiation patterns are investigated. Internal field patterns are shown for the first few modes using the conformal mapping technique. Closed-form expressions are given to predict the far-zone electric field for different TMmnp modes. Our theoretical results are validated against the conventional spatial domain cavity model technique and measured data as found in the open literature. Two antennas are also fabricated in our laboratory for experimental validation. It is found that our theoretical results are in excellent agreement with 3D EM simulator and experimental data. In addition, our theory can predict the resonant frequency with an accuracy of 1.6% compared to the measured data. It is also found that our theory can predict the results much faster than commercially available 3D EM simulator (HFSS).

Wide band rectangular wearable microstrip ring antenna with textile substrate and its performance after washing

In this paper introduced a wearable wideband rectangular microstrip patch antenna, fabrication and measurement of different parameters of designed antenna. The textile cotton material was used as substrate in the designed antenna. Here the very thin layered copper material sheet was selected as a ground plates and radiating elements. The conductive copper sheet was mounted on the textile materials by synthetic adhesive. We designed a ring antenna based on ring resonator techniques and measured the dielectric constant of the textile substrate material. The variation result of the proposed antenna with variation of thickness of the textile substrate has been investigated. For performance characteristics, three textile antenna with different substrate as wool, jeans and corduroy material are used.

Design, simulation and measurement of triple band annular ring microstrip antenna based on shape of crescent moon

In this paper a novel structure of an annular ring patch microstrip antenna based on Shape of Crescents Moon (SCMs) is designed, simulated and measured to operating with multiband applications. It is different parameters such as input impedance, return loss, gain, surface currents and radiation patterns were studying. This design consists of five SCMs in different sizes. Three of SCMs are arranged inside the annular ring patch and the others two are located outside. It is found that the proposed antenna possess triple band frequency which signify the multiband and compactness of antenna. The fabricated antenna is resonating at threefrequencies11.30, 18.07 and 20.72 GHz. This design is simulated using Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and it compared with the obtained measurement data. Interestingly, the comparison results are in good agreement. The bandwidths of measured return loss at −10 dB corresponding with the X-, Ku- and K-bands frequencies which are 474, 620 and 810 MHz, respectively. Also, the antenna designed is useful for many services operations at these bands frequency and it is applications.

Design of Graphene-Based Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna Using Short-Pin Technique for Dual Band Applications

Design of Graphene-Based Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna Using Short-Pin Technique for Dual Band Applications

Multiport Network Model of Double–stub Loaded Microstrip Ring Antenna for Tri–band Operation

Multiport Network Model of Double–stub Loaded Microstrip Ring Antenna for Tri–band Operation