Riga Surface Research Articles

Impact of Thermal Energy on Water and Ethylene Glycol (50:50)-Based Rotating Hybrid Nanofluid Past A Riga Surface with Radiation, Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Reactions

Hybrid nanofluid is crucial in improving the efficiency of heat transmission in thermal engineering applications, particularly the cooling of electrical equipment, heat exchangers, fuel cells, printing machines, etc. This study sought to investigate the augmentation of heat and mass transmission by the use of a rotating hybrid nanofluid consisting of a mixture of gold and silver nanoparticles suspended in water and ethylene glycol (50:50) past a heated Riga surface with velocity slip and suction. The energy equation is constructed using nonlinear radiation and heat consumption. The impact of both homogeneous and heterogeneous processes on the hybrid nanofluid is also explored. The governing mathematical model begins with partial differential equations that are converted into ordinary differential equations using a suitable conversion technique. The results of numerical computations are recorded as graphs and tables using the bvp4c scheme in MATLAB. It is noticed that both directional velocities undergo significant negative changes as a result of enhanced values of the rotational parameter. The higher levels of the radiation parameter resulted in significant enhancements in the thermal profile. The falling behavior of the nanoparticle concentration profile is recorded against a greater quantity of both chemical reaction parameters. Based on our analysis, when the Biot number changes from 0.4 to 0.8, the most significant heat transmission gradient occurs.

Computational study of magnetite-ethylene glycol–water-based hybrid nanofluid dynamics on an exponential shrinking/stretching Riga surface under radiative heat flux

Computational study of magnetite-ethylene glycol–water-based hybrid nanofluid dynamics on an exponential shrinking/stretching Riga surface under radiative heat flux

Heat transfer inspection and entropy optimization in water/MoS2-SiO2 Casson hybrid nanofluid flow with quadratic radiation ray over an exponentially contracting permeable Riga surface: Duality and stability analysis

In this study, we have examined the primary behaviour of a hybridized electro-magneto-non-Newtonian MoS2-SiO2/H2O nanofluid over a porous Riga surface that is exponentially contracting, in particular its flow dynamics and heat transfer characteristics. The key factors of this research are the presence of quadratic thermal radiation over the Riga surface under velocity slip and convective boundary. We have solved the highly circuitous coupled partial differential equations system by utilizing the bvp4c numerical method with MATLAB programming. A dual solution is determined based on a certain amount of mass suction parameter and shrinking parameter under the critical value range; beyond that value, no solution exists. We investigated the stability of the dual solutions by determining the minimal eigenvalue. An evaluation of the temporal stability of these solutions reveals that only the first solution remains stable. This is supported by the positivity of the smallest eigenvalues (β1> 0), indicating stability. Conversely, for the second solution, the smallest eigenvalues (β1< 0) are negative, signifying its instability. It can be seen that the nanofluid temperature is substantially enhanced for both branches of solution for the quadratic thermal radiating parameter, Eckert number, and Biot number. It was found that, in the first solution branch, the velocity layout was boosted with the velocity slip factor while reduced by enhancing the Casson parameter, whereas, in the second solution branch, the opposite behavior was observed. As the suction parameter increases, the heat transfer coefficient for the first solution is decreased by about 0.5 % and increases by about 0.75 % for the second solution branch. Quadratic thermal radiation parameter Nr significantly impacts the Nusselt number, as it is reduced by approximately 27.44 % and 28.72 % for the first and second solution branches, respectively. The shear stress coefficient is decreased by about 29.32 % for the first solution branch with contracting parameter λ. Because the Riga plate, paired with Casson nanofluid flows, has industrial and civil engineering applications, this study's thermal relevance makes it applicable to a wide range of industrial and engineering disciplines.

A revised double diffusion Cattaneo–Christov bioconvective model for unsteady Williamson nanofluid due to Riga surface with additional nonlinear thermal sources

AbstractCurrent analysis presents the unsteady two‐dimensional flow of Williamson nanofluid with suspension of microorganisms due to stretched Riga surface with porous medium. The applications of external heat source/sink with non‐uniform relations are suggested. Furthermore, activation energy and nonlinear radiative effects are encountered. The extension in energy equation is subject to the implications of famous Cattaneo–Christov model. The problem is simplified with help of dimensionless quantities. The analytical simulations of formulated problem have been performed with help of built‐in bvp4c numerical scheme. The physical aspects of problem are presented for various flow parameters. It is claimed that velocity profile boosted due to modified Hartmann parameter while declining change in velocity profile is noted for Williamson fluid constant. The temperature field enhances for non‐uniform heat source constants. Current results convey applications in heat transfer enhancement, solar energy, extrusion processes, automobile industries, fertilizers, and so forth.

Influence of solar thermal radiations and convective boundary on Al2O3/H2O transient model efficiency

Riga plate is a new, sophisticated magnetic field device that may be created by adjusting a group of permanent magnets and a different electrode over a plane surface. The heat transport and fluid movement in such physical setup are of paramount interest and have numerous engineering and industrial application particularly in submarines technologies. Due to the fixed magnetics the field produced which imperatively affect the model dynamics. Keeping in mind the influential applications of such physical setup, the purpose of this study is to introduce a new model based scrutinization of heat transport of stagnation point flow of Al2O3/water along vertically oriented convectively heated Riga surface. The conventional stagnation point flow model extended for nanofluid via radiative heat flux, dissipation effects and the first order thermal slip. The values of thermal conductivity values estimated via Corcione model and achieved the final nanoliquid model. For the results interpretation, the numerical scheme used and portrayed the results using different parametric ranges. The fluid motion is observed very slow due to stronger mixed convection and higher concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticles. The temperature is determined very high against the stronger convection effects and radiation number. However, the fluid layers in the vicinity of Riga surface have high heat transmission ability. Further, thermal slip and viscous dissipation effects also boost the temperature of Al2O3/water. Further, buoyancy number δ resists the fluid movement and thermal boundary region reduces in the presence of buoyancy factor.

Neural network algorithms of a curved riga sensor in a ternary hybrid nanofluid with chemical reaction and Arrhenius kinetics

To improve the thermal management systems in industrial operations, there is a need for the prediction and complexity of advanced fluid motion across various physical conditions on different geometries. Further, ternary nanofluid flow across curved Riga surfaces plays a significant role in thermal management systems, chemical industries, thermal management systems, biomedical, environmental engineering, and more. Based on the above importance the current study focuses artificial neural network (ANN) model on the ternary nanofluid flow over a curved Riga surface in the presence of chemical reaction and activation energy. Proper assumptions and boundary layer approximation were used to develop the model. Using appropriate similarity variables, the governing equations are further simplified to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Runge Kutta Fehlberg's 4th-5th order and shooting process are applied to solve the simplified equations. The primary objective is to improve the construction and optimization of thermal administration systems and other manufacturing procedures by gaining a deeper knowledge of the fluid motion and characteristics of heat transfer involved. Graphs are used to provide additional context for the important dimensionless constraints. The obtained data was utilized to train the ANN model, which was then verified towards numerical values of important engineering coefficients. The results reveal that the addition of solid volume fraction will enhance the thermal profile while declining the concentration profile. The reaction rate parameter will decline the concentration, and a reverse trend is seen for the activation energy parameter. The constructed model exhibits an outstanding degree of precision throughout the procedure, spanning all phases of the research.

Impacts of Stefan Blowing on Thermophoretic Particle Deposition in Sisko Nanofluid Flow Over a Riga Plate with Soret and Dufour Effects

The proposed framework considers the thermosolutal Marangoni convective flow of Sisko [Formula: see text] nanofluid over a Riga surface with the effects of Stefan blowing and thermophoretic particle deposition. The phenomena of mass and heat are discussed in relation to Soret and Dufour impacts. Electrodes and magnets are arranged on a plate to make up the Riga plate. Since the fluid conducts electricity, the Lorentz force upsurges exponentially in the vertical direction. There are numerous possible uses for this study in different disciplines. The design and production of thin films, coatings, and nanostructured materials can be enhanced by knowledge of how nanoparticles settle onto surfaces under various fluid flow conditions. By optimizing fluid flow and particle deposition processes, engineering insights from this work can guide the development of more efficient heat transfer systems, such as heat exchangers and cooling technologies. The nonlinear governing PDEs are converted into nonlinear ODEs using appropriate transformations. The resultant system of highly nonlinear equations can be solved analytically by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The significance of factors on the flow, thermal, and concentration fields are thoroughly explained with the use of tables and figures. Higher Marangoni convection parameter in more effective heat and mass transport within the liquid as well as higher induced flows when the Marangoni convection parameter is increased. A more uniform distribution of these properties throughout the liquid is the result of decreasing temperature and concentration profiles.

Thermal analysis on Ferro Casson nanofluid flow over a Riga plate with thermal radiation and non-uniform heat source/sink

Ferro hybrid nanofluids can be used in electronics and microelectronics cooling applications to reduce heat accumulation and efficiently remove surplus heat. These nanofluids aid to maintain optimum operating temperatures and reduce device overheating by enhancing the heat transfer rate. With this motivation, the aim of the present numerical analysis is to study the three-dimensional incompressible hybrid nanofluid flow over a slippery Riga surface by combining the Casson fluid model. Mathematical modeling is constructed with nanoparticles as Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 with base fluid as water. The non-uniform heat source/sink and thermal linear radiation effects are taken into account with the Hamilton–Crosser thermal conductivity model. A system of nonlinear PDEs is produced by the proposed problem and then the relevant similarity variables are implemented to transform the set of partial differential equations and their accompanying boundary conditions into the coupled nonlinear differential equations with one independent variable. These modified ordinary differential equations (ODEs) were then successfully solved with the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method by combining via the shooting technique. With the aid of graphical representations, the effects of various influencing parameters were presented and analyzed comprehensively. Furthermore, the impacts of relevant parameters on heat transfer rates and shear stress are concisely discussed and illustrated in tabular forms. The significant findings include the enhancement of the radiation parameter increases the thermal boundary layer thickness and the thickness increases whenever surface experiences slippery conditions. The axial and transverse momentum of the fluid are controlled with the Casson parameter. An effective connection is noticed once the current numerical solutions are verified under particular conditions that were previously described.

Flow of Hybrid Dust Micropolar Nanofluids Along the Symmetric Riga Surface with Heat Generation and Application of Cattaneo-Christov Theory

This study investigates the mechanical characteristics of a hybrid nanofluid containing dust and micropolar particles, flowing under mixed convection past a symmetric Riga surface using the Cattaneo-Christov (C-C) heat flux theory with consideration for heat generation effects. The analysis focuses on dust micropolar flow within a porous medium with a combination of hybrid nanoparticles CNTs - F with blood. The mathematical model describing this system involves a set of partial differential equations (PDEs), which are transformed into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and eventually into a form that can be solved using the MATLAB program. Graphical representations are employed to examine and discuss the impact of various flow parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles of the dust micropolar hybrid nanofluid. Several key findings emerge from this investigation. It is anticipated that an increase in the interaction between fluid particle parameters will result in a decrease in the temperature of the fluid phase and an increase in the temperature of the dust phase. Moreover, the study reveals that the Nusselt number is influenced by the mixed convection effects. Additionally, larger values of the heat generation parameter lead to higher temperatures in both the fluid phase and the dust phase. Conclusion: In summary, this study comprehensively investigates the dynamics of nanofluid flows over a Riga surface, considering parameters like , Pr, and βv. The findings highlight their significant impact on temperature distribution, fluid flow patterns, and friction forces. The results offer insights crucial for optimizing engineering systems like cooling technologies and heat exchangers. This research advances our understanding of nanofluid dynamics and provides valuable guidance for future studies and practical applications.

Improved slip mechanism and convective heat impact for ternary nanofluidic flowing past a riga surface

This study of electro-magneto-hydrodynamics has great significance due to its numerous applications like chromatography, fluid pumping, micro coolers and fluid stirring thermal reactors and flow regulation in fluidics systems. Subject to upper functions on electrical magnetic field, the consequences of electromagnetic initiation into ternary nanofluids flow through the Riga plate were noticed. Furthermore, this ternary hybrid nanofluid flow was based on the effect on slip condition, uniform heat source, convective energy and thermal radiation. The ternary hybrid nanofluid was built from the scattering of silver, copper and copper oxide nanoparticles by this base fluid blood. This phenomenon had been formed by the model of the system in partial differential equations; it was made easy in the dimensionless nonlinear structure of ordinary differential equations by employing comparison substitutions. This result on the acquired set of the differential equations was simulated over the bvp4c method. It has been discovered that the ternary hybrid nanofluid velocity is essentially lower along the differing numbers of permeable media, although it amplifies along the upshot on the Hartmann number. Moreover, an enhanced heat transport rate of up to 14% was marked for the triple nanoparticle nanofluid by relating it to another nanofluid and establishing an excellent behavior on triple nanoparticle nanofluids.

Investigation into silver-engine oil nanoliquid convinced by Riga surface: Deviations in three binary nanofluids

The Riga plate is the inventive magnetic mechanism created from assembly of arranged constant magnets and alternate electrode through the plane surface. The inventive magnetic mechanism produces the wall-parallel Lorentz force into postponing the boundary layer division and reducing turbulence effect. In this analysis, the flow performance on silver-engine oil-based nanoparticles by Casson–Jeffrey, Casson–Oldroyd-B and Casson–Maxwell binary nanofluids through the Riga plate was analyzed. By analyzing the correlation transformation, the controlling model was changed into a system of ordinary differential equations, it has been resolved by applying finite element methods. The investigation of the acquired outcomes had been verified by the flow by second-grade fluids which affected importantly the governing parameters. The both EMHD parameter and nanoparticles had acted on the thermal improvement of these non-Newtonian employing fluids. The velocity profiles were magnified when the Lorentz force was instigated over the EMHD parameter. Overall, this Casson–Jeffrey and Casson–Maxwell nanofluid model is more effective than the Casson–Oldroyd-B nanofluids model.

Entropy production on mixed convection stagnation point flow of nonlinear radiative fourth-grade hybrid nanofluid through a stretchable Riga surface

The purpose of the current study is to inspect entropy generation, mixed convective stagnation point flow, and thermal transfer features of nonlinear radiative fourth-grade hybrid nanofluid (NF) confined by a convectively heated Riga surface. The heat transport is examined with the existence of two disparate heat source modulations, variable thermal conductivity, and viscous dissipation. The original flow equations are first transmuted using appropriate transformations into non-dimensional ordinary differential equations, which are then solved via an overlapping grid-based spectral collocation scheme. The upshots of various pertinent parameters on velocity, temperature, entropy generation, and valuable engineering quantities are deliberated. Pivotal results obtained reveal that speedily flow of fluid and skin friction can be accelerated by strong magnetic force, rising mixed convection, and material parameters. Also, convective boundary conditions, along with nonlinear radiation and fluctuating thermal conductivity, are recommended for boosting fluid temperature, rates of entropy generation and heat transport. Thermal mechanism in hybrid NF is dominant over simple NF, which implies that performance of hybrid NF is better than that of simple NF. The outcomes of this study can be useful in enriching thermal performance of the working fluid, assisting in diagnosing causes of incompetency in thermal systems, and discovering suitable means of minimizing entropy generation with the intention of mitigating the loss of useful and scarce energy resources.

Parametric analysis of pollutant discharge concentration in non-Newtonian nanofluid flow across a permeable Riga sheet with thermal radiation

Proper wastewater disposal is crucial in various manufacturing and ecological systems. This study aims to prevent and regulate pollution in the water supply. It examines how the pollutant discharge concentration affects the flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids (NNNFs) over a porous Riga surface. Two different types of NNNFs, namely, Walter’s B and second-grade fluids, have been examined. The fluid flow is conveyed in the form of a system of partial differential equations (PDEs), which are first reduced to a non-dimensional set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and then to first-order differential equations. The numerical approach parametric continuation method is employed to solve these ODEs. It has been noticed that the energy curve declines with increasing numbers of TiO2-nanoparticles (NPs). The effect of the external pollutant source variation factor enriches the concentration of pollutants in both fluid cases. Furthermore, the viscoelastic parameter K1 plays a notable role in determining the behavior of the fluids. Particularly in NNNFs, the variation of K1 enhances the fluid flow, whereas the rise of second-grade fluid factor decreases the velocity of the fluid. Our findings indicate a substantial impact of the parameters under consideration on the concentration of pollutant discharge. Significantly, it was observed that an increase in the amount of NPs and the thermal radiation parameter led to an improvement in the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid, consequently decreasing the concentration of pollutants in the discharge. The nanofluid has greater efficiency in boosting the energy transfer rate of the base fluid. In the case of the second-grade fluid, the energy propagation rate increases up to 6.25%, whereas, in the case of Walter’s fluid B, it increases up to 7.85%.

Mathematical model of second-grade Casson fluid flow with Soret and Dufour impact over Riga sheet

We are examining a mathematical model of second-grade Casson fluid flow over a Riga surface. This analysis takes into account the effects of heat generation on a second-grade Casson fluid. Additionally, we have discussed the impacts of Soret and Dufour in the presence of thermal radiation. The study also includes an analysis of the influences of thermal and concentration slip. By considering these factors in the fluid flow, we have constructed a set of partial differential equations. Furthermore, these differential equations have been transformed into dimensionless ordinary differential equations. We have presented the influences of relevant parameters through tables and graphs. Velocity curve reveals declining behavior due to larger values of magnetic field factor. A high magnetic field coefficient means a strong magnetic field. As a result, the force acting on the charged particle increases, causing it to slow down or change direction. This change in force can cause the particle’s velocity to decrease.

Impact of magnetized nanoparticle aggregation over a Riga plate with thermal radiation in water‐Al2O3 based nanofluid flow

AbstractThe nanoparticle (NP) volume fraction is a critical variable in fluid models, including the Brinkman, Einstein, and Maxwell designs. The temperature does not affect the nanofluid's normalized shear viscosity. The aggregation model elucidates such traits. Furthermore, the experimental results show a larger increase in the thermal conductivity of nano liquids than the values obtained using standard fluid models. The impact of nanoparticle aggregation (NPAgs) is ignored, which contributes to the disparity. Therefore, it is essential to study the thermal conductivity ratio while considering the kinematics of NPAgs. Therefore, the radiation impact is investigated here by examining NPAgs on the Riga surface in the context of a porous media. The circulation and temperature governing equations are transformed using suitable similarity variables into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg 4‐5 order (RKF‐45) and shooting method is used to simplify the resulting equations numerically. The graphic representation illustrates the influence of many non‐dimensional factors on significant physical quantities. The velocity of the nanofluid has a positive correlation with the modified Hartmann number, whereas it demonstrates a negative correlation with the porosity parameter. A better thermal distribution occurs with higher levels of radiation constraint. The inclusion of a higher solid volume percentage results in a decrease in the velocity profile while concurrently improving the thermal distribution. It is worth noting that NPs that exhibit aggregation have a more prominent thermal distribution than those that do not aggregate, results in greater rate of thermal distribution in the former scenario. The present investigation outcomes will useful in advanced cooling systems, improving energy efficiency, material, environmental and biomedical engineering.

Thermodynamic case study of boundary layer viscous nanofluid flow via a riga surface by means of finite difference method

The Riga plate is an electromagnetic actuator made out of permanent magnets and alternating electrodes on a flat surface. In the boundary layer flow across the Riga Plate, viscous dissipation is surveyed in this paper. The suitable boundary conditions have been assigned to the governing model for mass and heat convection phenomenon. A governing equation can be converted into non-dimensional form using similarity transformations. To create numerical solutions to physical phenomena, the finite difference approach can be utilized. Extensive graphical illustrations are provided for the effects of the buoyancy coefficient parameter, modified Hartmann number, parameter related to electrode and magnet width, Prandtl number, slip parameter, thermophoretic parameter, thermal radiation parameter, Schmidt number, chemical reaction rate parameter, suction parameter, Brownian motion parameter, volume fraction, Biot number, and Eckert parameter on velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions. By varying the Eckert number, the viscous dissipation effects can be obtained. Suction and slip parameters increase the velocity while decrease the temperature in both nanofluid cases. The high temperature and velocity of equally distributed nanofluids rise as the volume fraction increases. Thermal radiation promotes heat transport. The concentration of nanoparticles in the region around the plate increases as the chemical reaction parameter increases. The research findings are useful for thermal engineers and practitioners involved in the design and optimization of systems where boundary layer fluxes and heat transfer are important factors. Understanding the effects of viscous dissipation can lead to more reliable heat transfer estimates and more effective thermal management in real-world structures.

Entropy optimization and stability analysis in flow of quadratic radiative Ag−MgO/water hybrid micropolar nanofluid over an exponentially contracting permeable Riga surface

ABSTRACT Driven by the significant thermal relevance of low-conductivity electrically active fluids and their impact on controlling flows across multiple industrial and engineering domains, this study aims to thoroughly investigate the primary behavior of electro-magneto-non-Newtonian micropolar A g − M g O / H 2 O hybridized nanofluid, specifically focusing on its flow dynamics and heat transfer characteristics over an exponentially contracting porous Riga surface. The Riga surface, an exceptional electromagnetic sensor surface, holds potential applications in micro-coolers, submarines, and nuclear reactor heat management systems. These findings hold significant relevance due to the prevalent use of micropolar hybridized nanofluids in cooling minute electronic components such as microchips and associated equipment. Our innovative objective is to emphasize the influence of an electromagnetic Riga plate in conjunction with micropolar characteristics, quadratic thermal radiant energy, convective conditions, and velocity slip at the boundary on various key parameters. These parameters include the coefficient of shear stress, coefficient of couple-stress, heat transfer factor (Nusselt number), entropy generation, velocity distribution, micro-rotation or angular velocity, and temperature profiles. We successfully tackled the highly intricate coupled partial differential equations by employing numerical techniques within the MATLAB programming platform. Specifically, we utilized a fourth-order method known as bvp4c to address the challenging boundary value problem. The outcomes revealed the existence of dual solutions characterized by a stable upper solution branch and an unstable lower solution branch within the region of the contracting sheet. Notably, this observation occurred under specific conditions related to the mass suction parameter. The identification of critical values in cases with dual solutions prompted a subsequent stability analysis to discern the nature and characteristics of these solutions. Two distinct solutions have been identified for λ S < λ , reaching termination at λ = λ S within the contracting region. Notably, the first solution yields a positive minimum eigenvalue ( β 1 > 0 ), indicating its stability, while the second solution results in a nonpositive eigenvalue ( β 1 < 0 ), implying instability. Graphical representations illustrate a substantial enhancement in nanofluid temperature for both solution branches, notably influenced by the quadratic thermal radiating parameter, Eckert number, and Biot number. Moreover, the magnetic interaction number and velocity slip parameter notably affect nanofluid motion within the first solution branch. Interestingly, it has been observed that the shear stress and couple stress coefficients exhibit an upward trend with increasing suction value. However, the heat transfer factor (Nusselt number) might decrease in the case of a stable solution. This research direction aims to optimize nanofluid compositions, aiming to minimize entropy generation while maximizing desired thermal properties. Such endeavors are crucial steps towards fostering more efficient and sustainable industrial practices, aligning with the overarching objectives of enhancing energy utilization and promoting industrial growth.

Dynamics of chemically reactive Carreau nanomaterial flow along a stretching Riga plate with active bio-mixers and Arrhenius catalysts

Nanomaterial flow has fascinated the concern of scientists across the globe due to its innovative applications in various manufacturing, industrial, and engineering domains. Bearing aforementioned uses in mind, the focal point of this study is to examine the Carreau nanofluid flow configured by the Riga surface with Arrhenius catalysts. Microorganisms are also suspended in nanofluid to strengthen the density of the regular fluid. Time-dependent coupled partial differential equations that represent the flow dynamics are modified into dimensionless patterns via appropriate non-dimensional variables, and handled through an explicit finite difference approach with stability appraisal. The performances of multiple flow variables are examined graphically and numerically. Representation of 3D surface and contour plots for heat transportation and entropy generation are also epitomized. The findings express that the modified Hartmann number strengthens the motion of nanomaterial. Reverse outcomes for heat transport rate and entropy are seen for the radiation variable. Concentration diminishes for chemical reaction variable. Activation energy enhances the concentration of nanomaterial, whereas reduction happens in the movement of microbes for bio-Lewis number. Greater Brinkman variable heightens the entropy.

Computational analysis of melting radiative heat transfer for solar Riga trough collectors of Jeffrey hybrid-nanofluid flow: A new stochastic approach

Current investigation deals with the melting heat transfer for the Jeffrey hybrid-nanofluid flow in parabolic trough solar collectors through Darcy Forchheimer porous media over a variable thick vertical elongation Riga surface under the effect of solar radiation. The impacts of viscous dissipation and Joule heating are also investigated. Equations governing the Jeffrey’s hybrid nanofluid flow are higher-order non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs). These governing PDEs are transformed into the non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by introducing appropriate similarity transformations and dimensionless parameters. Runga Kutta’s fourth-order numerical scheme is implemented with the shooting technique to solve coupled higher-order ODEs. Results for velocity profile, temperature profile, drag coefficient and Nusselt number are discussed for various influential parameters. Artificial neural networking is also performed to predict Nusselt numbers in different cases and scenarios. The Artificial Neural Network gives the desired outputs with the highest possible accuracy. It is observed that the temperature profile rises with increase in Hartmann number, porosity parameter, and Forchheimer number. However thermal profile worsens with escalates in the exponential index. Radiant energy of the Sun is a renewable energy source available in considerable amounts in our living environment. A parabolic trough solar collector is an efficient solar collector that stores the concentrated incoming radiant energy from the Sun to fulfill the requirement of high temperatures in thermal energy storage systems. It has various applications in solar-powered appliances for cooking and air conditioning, solar-powered systems for treating wastewater, photovoltaic lighting, solar-powered cars, aircraft, etc.

Bioconvection analysis of EMHD and dissipative Williamson nanofluid over a three dimensional Riga plate with Joule heating effect

ABSTRACT The current study investigates the weakly hydromagnetic and bioconvection nanofluid flow of Williamson fluid, which conveys gyrotactic microorganisms, over a three-dimensional Riga surface. The primary objective is to stabilize biological, mechanical, and thermal systems through the introduction of exponentially decaying rheology in both the momentum and energy equations, known as the electro-magneto-hydrodynamic actuator (EMHD). As such, the working fluid is assumed to be dissipative, with significant consideration given to the magnetic Reynolds number and a higher-order reaction rate. To simplify the phenomenon of suspended nanoparticles’ bioconvection, an appropriate similarity transformation is applied, converting the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) into systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To analyze the governing flow parameters, the numerical approach, Galerkin Weighted Residual Method (GWRM), is employed. The results are presented through tables and graphs, providing valuable insights. The findings of the study highlight that Hartmann number improves the weak movement of the Williamson fluid, thermophoresis number positively affects all flow distributions. Moreover, the temperature field is influenced by Brownian motion, leading to inflation, while the concentration field experiences a decrease due to a lower number of fluid particles available for reaction. Furthermore, higher buoyancy forces indicate significant fluid movement, resulting in a reduction in the Williamson fluid chemical reaction rate.