Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire Research Articles

Effects of Chinese traditional five-element music intervention on postoperative delirium and sleep quality in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common neurologic disorder among elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery, which leads to various negative outcomes. Sleep disorder is considered an important cause of POD. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the Chinese traditional five-element music intervention could reduce POD by improving sleep quality in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.MethodsA total of 132 patients aged 65 to 90 years who underwent non-cardiac surgery were randomized to two groups: the intervention (n = 60) and the control group (n = 63). Patients in the intervention group were subjected to the Chinese traditional five-element music intervention during the perioperative, while patients in the control group had no music intervention. POD was evaluated using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) in the first 5 days after surgery. The Richards‒Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) was used to assess subjective sleep quality. The levels of nocturnal melatonin and cortisol in saliva were measured on the preoperative and the first 2 postoperative days.ResultsThe incidence of POD within 5 days was 27.0% in the control group and 11.7% in the intervention group. Preoperative PSQI and MMSE scores were associated with POD. The RCSQ scores on the first postoperative day were significantly decreased in the two groups compared to the preoperative day. Compared to the control group, the RCSQ scores showed a significant improvement in the intervention group on the first postoperative day. Compared to the control group, the level of saliva melatonin in the intervention group showed a significant increase on the first postoperative day. However, there was no statistical difference in cortisol levels between the two groups.ConclusionsChinese traditional five-element music intervention decreased the incidence of POD in elderly patients who underwent noncardiac surgery via improving sleep quality, which may be associated with increased levels of melatonin.

To Determine how the Severity of Pain Relates to the Quality of Sleep Following Tube Thoracostomy

Background: Tube thoracostomy (TT) is a prevalent procedure in the management of various thoracic conditions, including pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and chest trauma. Despite its widespread use, TT is associated with significant complications such as pain and impaired sleep quality, which can affect patient recovery and overall health outcomes. Objective: This study aims to explore the relationship between pain severity and sleep quality following tube thoracostomy and to assess the impact of pain management on postoperative recovery. Methods: A descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi and Dow University of Health Sciences from September 28, 2022, to March 27, 2023. The study included adults aged 18 to 70 who underwent TT for any indication. Patients were excluded if they withheld consent, had a history of substance use, psychological disorders, or were victims of poly-trauma. Pain severity was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and sleep quality was evaluated using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation tests. Results: The study involved 77 participants with a mean age of 28.33 ± 10.50 years. The mean pain scores on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3 were 8.08 ± 0.66, 6.92 ± 0.99, and 4.92 ± 1.37, respectively. Corresponding sleep quality scores were 17.50 ± 7.53, 36.67 ± 9.84, and 57.50 ± 10.55. A significant negative correlation was found between pain scores and sleep quality scores on day 3 (r = -0.744, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest a significant association between lower pain scores and improved sleep quality among patients undergoing tube thoracostomy. Effective pain management may enhance sleep quality and facilitate recovery, highlighting the need for comprehensive postoperative care strategies in these patients.

Effects of gabapentin on slow-wave sleep period in critically ill adult patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Sleep deprivation is a prevalent problem in critically ill patients, which leads to delayed recovery and delirium. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) is essential to energy restoration, tissue repair, and immune system strengthening. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gabapentin on SWS in critically ill patients. We performed a prospective open-label randomized controlled study to compare SWS and the clinical outcomes of gabapentin versus a control intervention in critically ill adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) within 24 h. The patients' characteristics and sleep-related outcomes were recorded. The sleep-related outcomes, namely, bispectral analysis (BIS), the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels, were evaluated. Furthermore, clinical outcomes and safety were assessed. Sixty patients from 348 cases were eligible for randomization. On day 3 of the study, patients in the gabapentin group had significantly increased SWS (66.79 vs. 0.00 min; p < 0.001), total sleep time (TST) (331.39 vs. 46.16 min; p = 0.001), RCSQ score (55.05 ± 20.18 vs. 32.80 ± 15.31; p < 0.001), and IGF-1 concentrations (84.33 ± 12.40 vs. 44.00 ± 10.20 ng/mL, p < 0.001) compared with the control group. Improvements in clinical outcomes, such as delirium, ICU-free days, and mechanical ventilator-free days, were observed; however, these differences did not reach statistically significant. Gabapentin at bedtime increased SWS, TST, and IGF-1 concentrations in critically ill patients. This regimen might be beneficial to critically ill patients for improving their sleep quality.

Evaluating the efficacy of standardized pressure ulcer management protocols in the prevention of pressure injuries among patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures.

Pressure injuries are a significant concern for patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures due to prolonged immobility and the complexity of care. This study evaluates the efficacy of standardized pressure ulcer management protocols in preventing pressure injuries and enhancing patient care in a neurosurgical context. A comprehensive retrospective analysis was conducted at a single institution from December 2020 to December 2023, comparing 50 patients who received standardized pressure ulcer management (intervention group) with 50 patients who received conventional care (control group). The study assessed the incidence of pressure ulcers, patient comfort levels using the Kolcaba Comfort Scale and sleep quality using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 27.0, applying t-tests and chi-square tests as appropriate. The intervention group exhibited a significantly lower incidence of pressure ulcers at all measured time points post-surgery compared to the control group. Patient comfort levels in the intervention group were consistently higher across psychological, environmental, physiological and socio-cultural domains. Sleep quality metrics, including sleep depth, latency to sleep onset and overall sleep quality, were significantly improved in the intervention group. The implementation of standardized pressure ulcer management protocols in neurosurgical care significantly reduces the incidence of pressure injuries, enhances patient comfort and improves sleep quality. These findings highlight the importance of adopting structured care protocols to improve postoperative outcomes and patient well-being in neurosurgical settings.

The Effect of Music on Pregnancy Complaints with Sleep and Quality of Life in Risky Pregnant Women

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of music therapy on pregnancy complaints and quality of sleep and life in risky pregnant women.&#x0D; Methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled study. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 112 pregnant women who referred to a hospital in a city in Turkey for pregnancy follow-up (56 in the experimental group, 56 in the control group). Risky pregnant women in the experimental group were listened to music for four weeks before going to sleep, and those in the control group received no intervention. The data were collected between July and October 2022, using an introductory information form (IIF), a risk assessment form (RAF), the Assessment Scale for Pregnancy Complaints and Their Impact on Life Quality (ASPCILQ), and the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).&#x0D; Results: Risky pregnant women in the experimental group had higher ASPCILQ and RCSQ post-test mean scores than those in the control group, and the difference between them was statistically significant (p

The Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire for Assessment of Sleep in Critically Ill Patients: Translation, Reliability, and Validation of the Malay Language Version

Poor sleep quality is commonly observed among critically ill patients; however, the assessment of sleep perception in critically ill patients remains challenging. The Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) is a simple, validated tool for sleep quality assessment that has been successfully translated into various languages. This study aimed to translate and assess the validity and reliability of the Malay language version of the RCSQ. The process of translation involved forward and reverse translation methods. The face validity of the translated RCSQ was tested during the pre-test on five non-participating subjects. The reliability of the translated questionnaire was tested with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. A total of 150 critically ill patients were included in the analysis using the translated RCSQ. The average total score of the Malay language version of the RCSQ was 78.59 + 19.43. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient showed a score of 0.839 and 0.930 respectively, indicating that the sampling of the study was meritorious and good internal consistency of the Malay RCSQ. In conclusion, the Malay language version of the RCSQ demonstrated excellent reliability and may aid in the assessment of sleep quality in critically ill patients in a local setting.

Association between perioperative self-reported sleep disturbances and delirium risk in elderly patients following total joint arthroplasty: a cohort study.

Perioperative sleep disturbance may increase delirium risk. However, the role of perioperative sleep disturbance in delirium following total joint arthroplasty remains unclear. This prospective cohort study aimed to observe the delirium risk in patients with sleep disturbances. After excluding pre-existing sleep disturbances, older patients scheduled for total joint arthroplasty from July 17, 2022, to January 12, 2023, were recruited. Preoperative sleep disturbance or postoperative sleep disturbance was defined as a Chinese version of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) score of <50 during hospitalisation. A cut-off score of 25 was used to classify the severity of sleep disturbance. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative delirium. In all, 11.6% of cohort patients (34/294) developed delirium. After multivariate analysis, a preoperative Day 1 RCSQ score of ≤25 (odds ratio [OR] 3.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-10.92; p = 0.02), occurrence of sleep disturbances (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.19-6.38; p = 0.02) and RCSQ score of ≤25(OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.33-6.37; p = 0.007) postoperatively were strong independent predictors of delirium. After sensitivity analysis for daily delirium, a postoperative Day 1 RCSQ score of ≤25 (OR 9.27, 95% CI 2.72-36.15; p < 0.001) was associated with a greater risk of delirium on postoperative Day 1, with a reasonable discriminative area under the curve of 0.730. We concluded that postoperative but not preoperative sleep disturbances may be an independent factor for delirium risk. Sleep disturbance on the first night after surgery was a good predictor of subsequent delirium, no matter the nature of self-reported sleep disturbance.

The effect of reflexology on pain, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A randomized controlled trial

IntroductionReflexology is a non-pharmacological method that helps normalization of bodily functions by applying pressure to the reflex points on the hands, feet and ears, which correspond to all the organs and glands in the body. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of reflexology on pain, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. MethodsThis open-label, randomized parallel-group controlled trial was conducted between September 2020 to May 2021 in a university hospital in Turkey. Seventy eligible patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery were randomized into reflexology group (n = 35) or control group (n = 35). While foot reflexology was applied to the reflexology group for 40 min in the first three days after surgery, no intervention was applied to control group. The primary outcome was pain severity, assessed using the Visual Analog Scale, in the first three postoperative days. The other outcomes were anxiety level assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, fatigue level assessed using the Visual Analog Scale in the first three postoperative days, and sleep quality assessed using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire in the first four postoperative days. ResultsAfter applying reflexology on the first, second, and third postoperative days, pain scores (d=-2.736, 95% Cl=-3.388 to -2.084) (d=-7.954, 95% Cl=-9.352 to -6.555) (d=-7.528, 95% Cl=-8.860 to -6.196), anxiety scores (d=-3.462, 95% Cl=-4.202 to -1.721) (d=-6.077, 95% Cl=-7.187 to -4.967) (d=-6.537, 95% Cl=-7.717 to -5.357), and fatigue scores (d=-2.490, 95% Cl=-3.115 to -1.866) (d=-6.245, 95% Cl=-7.380 to -5.109) (d=-8.223, 95% Cl=-9.675 to -6.791, respectively) were statistically significantly lower in reflexology group compared to control group. On the second, third, and fourth postoperative days, sleep scores in reflexology group were statistically significantly higher than control group (d = 3.230, 95% Cl=2.519 to 3.941) (d = 4.280, 95% Cl=3.431 to 5.130) (d = 6.106, 95% Cl=4.992 to 7.221, respectively). During the study period, no adverse events were noted in either groups. ConclusionThis study showed that applying foot reflexology to patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery reduced pain, anxiety, and fatigue and improved sleep quality. Further studies on reflexology practice are recommended to be conducted with larger sample sizes and different groups. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04473287.

Comparison of the Effect of Swedish Massage and Earplugs/Eye Masks on Sleep Quality of Patients Admitted to ICUs

Background: Sleep is one of the basic physiological needs of human life. Hospitalization causes disturbances in the sleep pattern and decreases the quality of sleep. The present study aimed to compare the effect of Swedish massage and earplugs/eye masks on the quality of sleep of patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of the teaching hospitals affiliated with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in Zahedan, Iran, in 2022. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 40 patients admitted to the ICUs of Khatam Al-Anbia and Ali Ibne Abi-Talib hospitals in Zahedan. The participants were selected through convenience sampling from the patients who met the inclusion criteria. By using the permuted block technique with colored cards (red and yellow), the patients were placed into two Swedish massage and earplug/eye mask groups. After enrollment in the study, the patients in both groups did not receive any intervention during the first night, and their sleep quality was checked using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) as a pre-test during the first night. The participants in both groups received the intended interventions on the second night after entering the study, and their sleep quality on the second night was measured as a post-test. The participants in the first intervention group received a Swedish massage one night for 20 minutes before bedtime in the back area (lumbar cavity to the shoulder). Moreover, the participants in the second intervention group were asked to wear earplugs and eye masks for one night from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. The collected data were analyzed using independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, and chi-square test with SPSS software (version 26). Results: The results showed that the mean sleep quality scores for the participants in the Swedish massage group and earplug/eye mask group were 130.25 ± 41.91 and 135 ± 44.36 before the intervention, respectively. In addition, the mean sleep quality scores for the participants in the Swedish massage group and earplug/eye mask group were 202 ± 46.03 and 184.79 ± 39.5 after the intervention, respectively, showing a significant increase in the sleep quality scores for the participants in both groups after the intervention (P = 0.001). In addition, the independent samples t-test confirmed that the mean sleep quality score for the participants in the Swedish massage group was significantly higher than that of the participants in the earplug/eye mask group after the intervention (P = 0.037). Conclusions: Non-pharmacological interventions, such as Swedish massage and wearing earplugs and eye masks, can have a significant effect on increasing the sleep quality of patients admitted to the ICU. The data in this study indicated that compared to the earplug/eye mask group intervention, Swedish massage had a greater effect on improving the sleep quality of the patients. Therefore, the Swedish massage technique, which does not cause sensory restrictions similar to those of earplugs/eye masks, can be applied as an inexpensive intervention without any complications to improve patients’ sleep quality.

Sleep in the intensive and intermediate care units: Exploring related factors of delirium, benzodiazepine use and mortality

Aim of the studyThe primary purpose was to examine sleep difficulties and delirium in the Intensive and Intermediate Care Unit. Secondarily, factors impacting night-time sleep duration and quality, mortality, and the impact of benzodiazepine use on sleep outcomes were investigated. Materials and methodsThis retrospective study encompassed data from 323 intensive and intermediate care unit admissions collected in the Netherlands, spanning from November 2018 to May 2020. Sleep quality was measured using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire. Night-time sleep duration was nurse-reported. We investigated associations of these sleep outcomes with age, sex, length-of-stay, natural daylight, disease severity, mechanical ventilation, benzodiazepine use, and delirium using Generalized Estimating Equations models. Associations with one-year post-discharge mortality were analyzed using Cox regression. ResultsNight-time sleep duration was short (median 4.5 hours) and sleep quality poor (mean score 4.9/10). Benzodiazepine use was common (24 % of included nights) and was negatively associated with night-time sleep duration and quality (B = -0.558 and -0.533, p <.001). Delirium and overnight transfers were negatively associated with sleep quality (B = -0.716 and −1.831, p <.05). The day-to-night sleep ratio was higher in the three days before delirium onset than in non-delirious individuals (p <.05). Age, disease severity and female sex were associated with increased one-year mortality. Sleep quality was negatively, but not-significantly, associated with mortality (p =.070). ConclusionsNight-time sleep in the critical care environment has a short duration and poor quality. Benzodiazepine use was not associated with improved sleep. Sleep patterns change ahead of delirium onset. Implications for clinical practiceConsistent sleep monitoring should be part of routine nursing practice, using a validated instrument like the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire. Given the lack of proven efficacy of benzodiazepines in promoting sleep in critical care settings, it is vital to develop more effective sleep treatments that include non-benzodiazepine medication and sleep hygiene strategies.

Effect of Eye Masks and Ear Plugs on Quality of Sleep of Patients in Intensive Care Unit

Sleep has physiologic importance and adequate sleep is necessary for the maintenance of good health and well-being of all patients especially the critically ill. The study aimed to test the effect of eye masks and ear plugs on the quality of sleep among patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU) and to identify the factors affecting the quality of sleep in ICU. An experimental cross-over design was adopted. Fourty subjects were selected using consecutive sampling from the Cardiac ICU, Neuro ICU, and Surgical ICU of the hospital. The tools used were the Richard Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) to assess the quality of sleep and the Visual Analogue Scale to measure factors causing sleep disturbance in the ICU. Results showed that eye mask and ear plug were effective in improving sleep among patients in ICU. While sleeping without interventions all of the subjects in ICU reported poor sleep. After using the eye mask and ear plugs 27.5 percent of subjects reported very good sleep 65 percent of subjects reported good sleep and only 7.5 percent had poor sleep. The mean score and standard deviation of quality of sleep of patients in ICU increased from 17.90 ±3.90 to 36.87±4.09 while sleeping with eye mask and ear plugs. This increase was significant at a 0.05 level of significance with a p value of 0.000. Eye masks and ear plugs were effective in improving sleep among patients in ICU. The most important factor affecting the quality of sleep of patients in ICU was light followed by anxiety, pain and alarms. The study concluded that Intensive care nurses have to use eye mask and ear plug for ICU patients to promote sleep which will help in reducing the use of sedatives. Nurses should take measures to reduce light and sound in ICU during night time and take measures to reduce anxiety and pain effectively for promoting sleep.

Relationships between sleep, quality of life and anxiety in patients undergoing cardiac surgeries.

the objective of this study is to examine the relationships between sleep, quality of life and anxiety in patients undergoing cardiac surgeries during the preoperative period, at discharge, two weeks after discharge and three months after discharge. this study had a prospective, descriptive and correlational design and was conducted in a single center. The sample consisted of 68 patients who had undergone cardiac surgeries. The data were collected using an Information Form, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and the Nottingham Health Profile. the patients' sleep quality increased from moderate to good at each measurement moment after the surgeries, whencompared to sleep quality measured at their first hospitalization. While the state anxiety scores decreased at discharge and 2 weeks after the initial hospitalization, they increased to a moderate level 3 months after discharge. There was no significant relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality at any measurement moment. Additionally, the patients' quality of life was significantly improved 2 weeks and 3 months after discharge. The results of this study showed that the sleep quality of patients who had undergone cardiac surgeries was improved during the postoperative period, and that this improvement exerted a positive effect on their quality of life.

Psychometric properties and structural validity of traditional Chinese version of the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire in intensive care unit patients without physical restraint

BackgroundSleep assessment in the intensive care unit (ICU) is difficult and often unreliable. The most commonly used questionnaire for assessing ICU sleep, the Richards–Campbell Sleep Scale (RCSQ), has not been tested for reliability and construct validity in the Mandarin–Taiwanese speaking population. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test the construct validity and criterion validity of the traditional Chinese version of RCSQ (TC-RCSQ) in critically ill patients without physical restraint. MethodsWe adopted a methodology study design. Adults aged 20 years and above were recruited from a plastic surgery ICU of a medical center. The Cronbach's alpha was used to test internal consistency; the validity testing included content validity, criterion validity, and construct validity. Criterion validity was analysed by testing the association of TC-RCSQ with the Chinese version of Verran and Snyder-Halpern Sleep Questionnaire and sleep parameter of actigraphy using the Pearson correlation coefficient; construct validity was analysed using exploratory factor analysis. ResultsA total of 100 patients were included with a mean age of 49.78 years. Internal consistency reliability suggested Cronbach's alpha of 0.93. Moderate to strong correlations of TC-RCSQ with Verran–Snyder-Halpern Sleep Questionnaire were identified (r = 0.36 to 0.80, P < 0.05). We found significant correlations of actigraphic sleep efficiency with difficulty of falling sleep, awakening times, sleep quality, and total score of the TC-RCSQ (r = 0.23, 0.23, 0.20, and 0.23, P < 0.05). One factor (named as overall sleep quality) was extracted by exploratory factor analysis with a total variance explained of 78.40 %, which had good construction validity. ConclusionsThe TC-RCSQ yields satisfactory reliability and validity in critically ill patients. Actigraphic sleep efficiency may be a single index for objectively sleep assessment of sleep quality in patients without physical restraint. Both the TC-RCSQ and actigraphy can aid nurses to evaluate the sleep quality in critically ill patients without physical restraint.

Correlation Between Sleep Continuity and Patient-Reported Sleep Quality in Conscious Critically Ill Patients at High Risk of Reintubation: A Pilot Study.

It is well-established that sleep quality of ICU patients is poor, with sleep being highly fragmented by multiple awakenings. These sleep disruptions are associated with poor outcomes such as prolonged weaning duration from mechanical ventilation. Polysomnography can measure sleep continuity, a parameter associated positively with outcomes in patients treated with noninvasive ventilation, but polysomnography is not routinely available in all ICUs, and simple means to assess sleep quality are needed. The Richards-Campbell sleep questionnaire (RCSQ) assesses sleep quality in ICU patients but is difficult to administrate in patients who are not fully awake, and a simpler sleep numeric rating scale (sleep-NRS) has been proposed as an alternative. We here investigated the relationships between sleep continuity and patients-reported sleep quality. Single-center retrospective study. Medical ICU of Poitiers University Hospital. Seventy-two patients were extubated from mechanical ventilation and at high risk of reintubation. None. We analyzed 52 previously recorded polysomnographies in nonsedated and conscious ICU patients. Sleep was recorded the night after extubation. Sleep continuity was measured using an automated scoring algorithm from one electroencephalogram (EEG) channel of the polysomnography. Patient-reported sleep quality was assessed using RCSQ and sleep-NRS. Sleep continuity could be calculated on 45 polysomnographies (age: 68 [58-77], median [25th-75th]) RCSQ (62 [48-72]) and sleep-NRS (6.0 [5.0-7.0]) were obtained in 21 patients and 34 patients, respectively. Our results show a significant correlation between sleep continuity and sleep-NRS (p = 0.0037; ρ = 0.4844; n = 34) but not with RCSQ score (p = 0.6732; ρ = 0.1005; n = 20). Sleep continuity correlates with patient-reported sleep quality assessed using sleep-NRS and may capture the refreshing part of sleep. Sleep-NRS can be easily administered in ICU patients. Sleep continuity and sleep-NRS are simple tools that may prove useful to evaluate sleep quality in ICU patients.

Effects of intraoperative sodium oxybate infusion on post-operative sleep quality in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery: A randomized clinical trial

Study objectivePost-operative sleep quality is an important factor that influences post-operative recovery. Sodium oxybate has been used to treat sleep disturbances associated with various pathological conditions. However, whether intraoperative intravenous infusion of sodium oxybate improves post-operative sleep quality is unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of sodium oxybate on the post-operative sleep quality of patients who underwent gynecological laparoscopic surgery. DesignA single-center, prospective, two-arm, double-blinded randomized controlled trial. SettingThe Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University in Liaoning, China. PatientsWe enrolled 180 adult patients (90 for each group) undergoing elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery, and 178 patients (89 for each group) were included in the final analysis. InterventionsPatients were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive either sodium oxybate (30 mg kg−1) or an equivalent volume of saline after intubation. The patients, anesthetists, and follow-up staff were blinded to group assignment. MeasurementsThe primary outcome was sleep quality measured using the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) on post-operative days (PODs) one and three. Secondary outcomes included post-operative pain measured using the visual analog scale, sleep quality at one and three months post-operatively measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and factors associated with post-operative sleep quality. Main resultsAnalysis with generalized estimating equations showed that sodium oxybate significantly improved post-operative sleep quality, as represented by increased total RCSQ scores (mean difference (95% CI); 9 (2, 16), P = 0.010) over PODs one and three. There was no difference in post-operative pain between the two groups over PODs one and three or in post-operative sleep quality over one and three months post-operatively. Age, surgery type, start time of surgery, and use of sufentanil-based patient-controlled intravenous analgesia were significantly associated with post-operative sleep quality. ConclusionsIntraoperative sodium oxybate infusion improved post-operative sleep in patients who underwent gynecological laparoscopic surgery.Trial registration.Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Clinical trial number: ChiCTR2200061460.

The effect of lavender foot baths on postoperative pain and sleep quality in comparison with foot baths with warm water only—A prospective randomized controlled study

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of warm water (WW) foot bath with or without lavender oil for pain and sleep quality in the patients who undergone abdominal surgeries. Materials and methodThis study was designed as a prospective randomized controlled. The three study groups were defined as the control group (n = 44), the WW foot bath group (n = 46), WW foot bath with the lavender group (n = 40). Foot baths were done for 20 min with 40 °C every night for 3 days after surgery. Visual Analogue Scale and Richard–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire were used during data collection. ResultsA total of 130 patients, mean age 55.99 ± ± 13.05 years, 66 male (51 %), 103 of whom underwent abdominal surgery, were included in the study. When the patients during the postoperative three days were evaluated, decreased pain score and increased sleep quality both the WW and WW foot bath with lavender groups (p < 0.001). Noise-related sleep quality was detected to be lesser in the control group patients on the 3rd day (p < 0.001). ConclusionWW foot bath with or without lavender oil is an uncomplicated, economical, and effective complementary therapy to reduce postoperative pain and improve sleep quality. WW foot baths with essential oils are optionally available in clinics and can be used according to patients' preferences.

Quality of Sleep and Factors Affecting Sleep Quality in Hospitalized Patients in the Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic

Purpose: In this study, our purpose was to determine the sleep quality and the factors affecting sleep quality of the hospitalized patients orthopedics and traumatology clinic.&#x0D; Methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive study in a hospital between March 30 and June 16, 2022. The sample of the study consisted of 200 patients hospitalized in the orthopedics and traumatology clinic. The data of the study were collected through face-to-face interviews with the patients using the ‘’Sociodemographic and Descriptive Characteristics Questionnaire’’ and the ‘’Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire’’.&#x0D; Results: The average Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire scores of the patients were determined to be 43.33±28.31. While there was no statistically significant difference (p&gt;0.05) observed between the gender, preoperative or postoperative status, presence of noise, room lighting, room crowding, attached the body medical devices, treatment interventions during sleep hours, and Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire score averages of the patients; a statistically significant difference was found in the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire score averages based on pain and medical diagnosis (p

Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Yatan Hastaların Uyku Kalitesi ile Algıladıkları Çevresel Stresörler Arasındaki İlişki

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality and environmental stressors perceived by patients in the intensive care unit. The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study. Data were collected from 175 patients in the intensive care unit between April and December 2021. The mean age of the patients included in the study was 64.7 ± 12.50 years, and the duration of treatment in the intensive care unit was 2.68 ± 0.85 days. The mean score of the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire was 37.01 ± 17.84, and Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressors Scale was 131.63 ± 19.18. There was a statically significant negative correlation between The Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire score with the duration of therapy in the intensive care unit (p &lt; 0.001), pain (p &lt; 0.001), and fatigue (p &lt; 0.001). A negative statistically significant correlation was seen between the Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressors Scale and the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (p &lt; 0.001). As a result of this study, the sleep quality of patients in the intensive care unit was found to be affected by environmental stressors. In addition, fatigue and pain were found to have an effect on sleep quality, and environmental factors also affected patients' waking status in the intensive care unit.

Factors influencing sleep quality in the intensive care unit: a descriptive pilot study.

As sleep disturbances are common in the intensive care unit (ICU), this study assessed the sleep quality in the ICU and identified barriers to sleep. Patients admitted to the ICUs of a tertiary hospital between June 2022 and December 2022 who were not mechanically ventilated at enrollment were included. The quality of sleep (QoS) at home was assessed on a visual analog scale as part of an eight-item survey, while the QoS in the ICU was evaluated using the Korean version of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (K-RCSQ). Good QoS was defined by a score of ≥50. Of the 30 patients in the study, 19 reported a QoS score <50. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed no meaningful relationship between the QoS at home and overall K-RCSQ QoS score in the ICU (r=0.16, P=0.40). The most common barriers to sleep were physical discomfort (43%), being awoken for procedures (43%), and feeling unwell (37%); environmental factors including noise (30%) and light (13%) were also identified sources of sleep disruption. Physical discomfort (32 [28-38] vs. 69 [42-80]; P=0.004), patient care interactions (36 [20-48] vs. 54 [36-80]; P=0.044), and feeling unwell (31 [18-42] vs. 54 [40-76]; P=0.013) were associated with lower K-RCSQ scores. In the ICU, physical discomfort, patient care interactions, and feeling unwell were identified as barriers to sleep.

Development of the sleep quality scale for coronary care patients (SQ-CC)

ObjectivesIn this study, it was aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement instrument to measure sleep quality in coronary care patients. Research methodology/designThis is a methodological study that was carried out with 201 patients at the coronary care unit of a university hospital. The validity and reliability of the scale were tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach’s alpha analysis, and Pearson’s correlation analysis. ResultsThe scale's Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.816. There were significant positive relationships between the overall scale and its dimensions. The Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between the Sleep Quality Scale for Coronary Care Patients and the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire. ConclusionThe Sleep Quality Scale for Coronary Care Patients was determined to be a valid and reliable measurement instrument for assessing the sleep quality of patients who are receiving care in coronary care units. Implications for clinical practiceThe scale that was developed in this study can be applied to coronary care patients because it is easy to implement and specific to intensive care settings. This way, the sleep quality levels of patients can be assessed quickly, and nursing interventions for potential problems can be defined. Hence, the emergence of sleep-related health problems can be prevented. Although RCSQ is the most commonly used scale to evaluate the sleep quality of patients treated in the intensive care unit, SQ-CC is thought to be more inclusive in considering noise-, environment-, and patient-related subjective factors. The evaluation of environmental factors can also provide objective data for improvements to be made to eliminate these factors in clinics. Furthermore, the use of this scale in national and international scientific studies where the sleep quality of coronary care patients is evaluated will contribute to not only our colleagues but also the relevant scientific field.