Rich Syngas Research Articles

Sustainable Management of Forest and Building Wastes for Hydrogen- Rich Syngas from Catalytic Steam Gasification with Minimum CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions

Sustainable Management of Forest and Building Wastes for Hydrogen- Rich Syngas from Catalytic Steam Gasification with Minimum CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions

CO2‐Steam Bi‐Reforming of Methane Over La1−xSrxNi0.8Zr0.2O3 Perovskite Catalysts to Generate Hydrogen Rich Syngas

AbstractThe present study proposes La and Sr‐containing La1−xSrxNi0.8Zr0.2O3 (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) perovskites as potential catalysts for bi‐reforming of methane (BRM) with CO2 and steam to produce hydrogen rich syngas. The catalysts were prepared by sol‐gel method and characterized using various techniques such as XRD, H2‐TPR, BET, CO2‐TPD and CHNS analysis. The characterization studies revealed that metal‐support interaction increased with the increase in the composition of Sr and the reduction behavior of Ni found to vary with the addition of Sr. The total energy calculations reveal that the addition of Sr to the LNZ system shirnks the volume due to low atomic and high ionic radii of Sr over La, which increases the total energy of system driving towards instability with increasing doping concentration of Sr. CO2‐TPD results suggest that a small amount of Sr can change the basicity of the support. The BRM activity results revealed that La0.8Sr0.2Ni0.8Zr0.2O3 perovskite is the most promising and active catalyst. The proposed catalysts are found to be advantageous w.r.t less carbon deposition due to the increased dispersion, small crystalline size, and required basicity of the support. The disclosed catalyst has shown excellent stability for a studied period of 100 h.

Development of multiple alkali metals doped La-Ni based perovskites for CO2 gasification of biochar to produce CO rich syngas

Under the background of carbon neutrality, there is an urgent need for the production of high-valued syngas from renewable carbon resources. This work focused on the evaluation of multiple alkali metals doping on the catalytic activity of La-Ni based perovskite catalysts in CO2 gasification of biochar. The structure and property evolution of samples were analyzed by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, Raman spectra, CO2-TPD, etc. The experiment results found that Li+ exhibited a stronger catalytic gasification promotion effect than K+ and Na+, owing to the high mobility of the smallest radius ions in the lattice. Among the samples, La0.4K0.2Na0.2Li0.2NiO3 possessed the best catalytic performance with the maximum release rates of CO of 116.76 mL min−1·g−1 and 3.25 times in reactivity indexes in contrast to the LaNiO3. Correspondingly, it also showed significant resistance to ash in the cycle gasification experiments. Deep substitution with multiple alkali metals at A-site produced more active oxygen species ([O]) on the oxygen vacancies (Ov) and increased the proportion of Ni3+ of the La0.4K0.2Na0.2Li0.2NiO3, resulting in excellent catalytic CO2 gasification capacity. Furthermore, the adsorption and activation capacity of CO2 were also enhanced by the surface basic active sites generated by alkali metals substitution. Based on the experiments and characterization results, the redox recycling between Ni2+−Ov and Ni3+−[O] were proposed as the main reaction mechanisms for CO2 gasification of biochar. This study provides a valuable exploration for the complex substitution of perovskite catalysts and high-efficiency CO2 gasification of biochar.

Hydrogen rich syngas production through sewage sludge pyrolysis: A comprehensive experimental investigation and performance optimisation using statistical analysis

Bioenergy is anticipated to play a significant role in the United Kingdom’s Net Zero 2050 scenario. This study aims to explore the possibility of producing hydrogen-rich syngas using sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant located in England, United Kingdom. The primary objective of this study is to experimentally produce hydrogen-rich syngas from sewage sludge through pre-treatment, drying, and pyrolysis. Furthermore, statistical methods have been employed to optimise the performance of the pyrolyser. The individual desirability scores for lower heating value (LHV) and cold gas efficiency (CGE) were estimated to be 0.83902 and 0.85307, respectively. Combining these scores, the overall desirability of the model reached 0.8460, indicating favourable predictive performance. The optimal operational conditions are reported to be a feed rate of 3.0488 revolutions per minute (rpm) and an operational temperature of 800°C. Under these conditions, the highest calculated CGE of 66.31% and the peak LHV value of 18.36 MJ/ m^3 were achieved.

Catalytic bi-reforming of methane as a potential source of hydrogen rich syngas: Promotional effect of strontium on the catalytic performance of Ni/MgO-ZrO2

Bi-reforming of methane (BRM) has gained significant attention due to escalating environmental concerns. This study investigates the performance of a monometallic Ni/MgO-ZrO2 catalyst with varying strontium (Sr) content ranging from 0 to 10 wt% added to the 10 wt% nickel, utilized in BRM. The synthesis of the MgO-ZrO2 support employed the co-precipitation method, while both Ni and Sr metals were added via impregnation route. The physiochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were analyzed using various characterization techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), N2-Physisorption Analysis, Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR), Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). To assess catalytic performance, the catalyst was tested in a fixed-bed continuous reactor using a reactant mixture of CH4, H2O, and CO2 in a 3:2:1 ratio, respectively, at a temperature of 800 °C. The Ni-6%Sr/ZrO2-MgO catalyst provided optimal conversion rates for both CH4 and CO2 at 95.2% and 85.7% respectively, without significant deactivation observed even after 36 h of reaction. This excellent catalytic performance was attributed to several factors, including smaller metal particle size, improved metal dispersion, stabilization of the t-phase in zirconia and synergistic effects between the Ni and Sr particles. The spent catalyst characterization including XRD, FESEM and HRTEM revealed that the addition of Sr significantly reduced carbon deposition. It also demonstrated that stable and best performance of the Ni-Sr/MgO-ZrO2 catalyst is ascribed to the production of filamentous carbon with a crystalline nanotubular structure. Conversely, the rapid deactivation of the Ni/MgO-ZrO2 monometallic catalyst may be attributed to amorphous carbon.

Multi-objective genetic algorithm approach for enhanced cumulative hydrogen and methane-rich syngas emission through co-pyrolysis of de-oiled microalgae and coal blending

Towards establishing low-carbon bio-economy, the energy-rich syngas is considered a global energy carrier. Targeting hydrogen as a promising advanced fuel, the significance of methane also increases due to its direct conversion capability into hydrogen. The current study aims to use a co-pyrolysis-based valorization of de-oiled microalgae and low-rank coal blend to generate H2 and CH4 rich syngas. Pyrolysis kinetic models, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Starink (STK) are used to evaluate apparent activation energy (Ea). The gradual addition of microalgae (0⎼100%) in coal reduces Ea from 189.11⎼55.87 kJ/mol and 180.16⎼54.61 kJ/mol by KAS and STK method, respectively. The maximum hymethane carrying ratio is observed 2.51 and 3.51 at optimized conditions of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network-based multi-objective genetic algorithm (ANN-MOGA), respectively. Maximum H2 (54.5 %) in the syngas is observed at mid pyrolysis stage (451 °C) using ANN-MOGA optimized conditions (blending ratio - 42.25 % and heating rate-13.8 °C/min). This study highlights the advantage of ANN-MOGA optimization over statistical based optimization. Hence, incorporating of the evolutionary algorithm as integrated ANN-MOGA optimization could be an efficient way for hymethane rich syngas emission in co-pyrolysis approach to gain carbon-neutral energy with zero waste discharge.

Fluidized bed chemical looping gasification of sewage sludge with bituminous coal to produce H2 rich syngas: An examination on fuel synergy and reaction conditions

Chemical looping gasification (CLG) is an efficient and economical solution to convert organic solid waste into hydrogen-rich syngas for fossil fuel substitution. In this work, chemical looping co-gasification (CLCG) of sewage sludge (SS) and bituminous coal (BC) with hematite as the oxygen carrier was examined in a fluidized bed. The SS-BC CLCG exhibited significant fuel synergy compared to the SS/BC CLG, enhancing the gasification efficiency and carbon conversion. The effects of several key operating variables including SS blending ratio, reaction temperature, and steam mass flow rate on CLCG performance were investigated and the optimum conditions were 20 wt% SS, 900 °C with a steam mass flow rate of 0.6 g/min. Moreover, a cyclic CLCG test was also performed to evaluate the stability of oxygen carrier reactivity and gasification performance at optimized operating conditions. After 13 cycles, the hematite still presented good or even improved performance with gasification efficiency of 80.94 %, syngas yield of 2.10 Nm3/kgfuel, and carbon conversion of 93.73 %. The improved porous structure and the ash catalyst effect were responsible for the promoted performance of the natural hematite oxygen carrier with increasing cycles. It is concluded that CLG is a promising technology to provide high-quality hydrogen-rich syngas from SS and BC mixtures.

CO rich syngas production from catalytic CO2 gasification-reforming of biomass components on Ni/CeO2

The advancement of biomass utilization technology is vital for addressing global climate change and the depletion of fossil resources. CO rich syngas production from the CO2 gasification-reforming of biomass components (cellulose, xylan, lignin, and starch) was investigated by a two-stage fixed bed reactor. The four biomass components were heated from room temperature to 600 °C in a CO2 atmosphere, among which lignin exhibited the highest residue fraction (51.6 wt.%) and the lowest gas yield (5.7 mmol gbiomass−1), whereas cellulose demonstrated the highest gas yield from CO2 gasification-reforming (14.6 mmol gbiomass−1). Nanorod CeO2 supported Ni catalysts were used to enhance volatile (tar) CO2 reforming reactions, and the gas yield increased by 104.3 % for cellulose, 103.3 % for xylan, 149.3 % for lignin, and 128.3 % for starch compared with noncatalytic CO2 gasification-reforming. Furthermore, the structure of fresh and used catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscope (SEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and thermogravimetry (TGA). For the CO2 gasification-reforming of cellulose, the optimum CO yield of 27.6 mmol gbiomass−1 was achieved at a gasification/reforming temperature of 600/700 °C and a biomass/catalyst ratio of 6.25 using 2 %Ni/CeO2 catalyst. The stability tests of catalysts showed an approximately linear decrease in CO yield with the increase of the number of cycles, and catalyst deactivation resulted from Ni sintering and coke deposition.

Utilization of fruit waste for H2-rich syngas production via steam co-gasification with brown coal

In this work, to efficiently utilize waste fruit and low-rank coal for the hydrogen (H2)-rich syngas production, steam co-gasification of banana peel (BP) and brown coal (BC) was studied in a fixed-bed reactor. The results showed that the gasification rate of BC was highly enhanced after mixing it with BP and the obvious synergistic effect was observed in all investigated three mixing weight ratios (i.e., 1:1, 1:4, 4:1), resulting in a higher carbon conversion as well as a H2-rich gas production yield for the co-gasification. However, the extent of promotion by synergistic effect was affected by the reaction temperature, mixing ratio, and steam amount. It was found that the high potassium (K) species content in the BP provided the catalytic effect not only on water–gas shift reaction but also on tar reforming/cracking, thereby enhancing the gasification of BC. In addition, it is confirmed that steam should be an important factor to promote the synergistic effect and H2-rich gas production.

Design framework for dimethyl ether (DME) production from coal and biomass‐derived syngas via simulation approach

AbstractA comprehensive thermodynamic study was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis using CO2 rich syngas feed. The first part of our study included assessing the relative performances of the methanol synthesis system, two step DME synthesis system, and one step DME synthesis system in terms of the COx conversion and product yield (methanol/DME) based on the Gibbs free energy minimization approach. The wide range of composition of CO2‐enriched syngas feed produced by the coal and biomass gasification was simulated using Aspen Plus and the following evaluation parameters were analyzed for a broad parameter range: reaction temperature (180–280°C), reaction pressure (10–80 bar), stoichiometry number (SN) (0–11), and CO2/(CO2 + CO) molar feed ratio (0–1) for isothermal as well as adiabatic conditions. Based on the equilibrium yield, one‐step DME synthesis was discovered as the most viable process to utilize the co‐gasification derived syngas effectively. In the second part of our study, the overall process efficiency was inspected through the process design of 1 tonnes per day (TPD) DME plant inclusive of heat integration, resulting in significant CO2 abatement and DME production with high product purity and minimum energy consumption. Consequently, one‐step DME production via CO2‐enriched syngas obtained through the coal or biomass gasification process is identified as the leading technology based on energy utilization and CO2 abatement.

ASPEN plus modelling of air-CO2 and air-steam-CO2 gasification of Parthenium hysterophorous for hydrogen and carbon monoxide rich syngas production

The simulation modelling of air-CO2 and air-steam-CO2 gasification of the aggressive weed, Parthenium hysterophorous is performed using an ASPEN Plus simulator and the outcomes are compared with an existing gasification study taken from the literature. The effect of temperature on the biomass gasification process, and the generation of the gases carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2), and methane (CH4) are estimated in the temperature range of 300 – 1000 °C. The objectives of this study are to identify the important processes within the operating variables of elemental parameters with the gasifying agents (air-CO2 and air-steam-CO2) and to understand how temperature impacts the yield of syngas. Research findings from the gasification of biomass by air-CO2 and air-steam-CO2 are also used for comparison. The syngas yield appears to be significantly impacted by temperature variation. Due to the introduction of CO2, the studies of the gas evolution in this gasification process demonstrate a substantial increase in the output % of H2 and CO due to the introduction of CO2.

Analysis of the behaviour of limestone sorbents for sorption-enhanced gasification in dual interconnected fluidised bed reactor

Sorption-Enhanced Gasification (SEG) is a promising technology based on the use of Ca-based sorbents (like limestone) to selectively remove CO2 from the gasification environment, for production of hydrogen rich syngas. This process benefits from the extensive understanding of “calcium looping”, a post-combustion technique aimed at removing CO2 from flue gas. Calcium looping is most typically carried out in Dual Interconnected Fluidised Bed (DIFB) reactors. The correct design of sorbent looping processes in DIFB reactors must consider: 1) sorbent deactivation (i.e., decay of CO2 capture performance) over repeated cycling; 2) the loss of sorbent material due to elutriation, that may be enhanced by attrition and fragmentation. The aim of this study is to investigate six different commercial limestones in terms of sorbent performance and attrition/fragmentation tendency under simulated SEG conditions.The experimental campaign was carried out in a lab-scale DIFB reactor, electrically heated. The six sorbents were limestones coming from different parts of Europe. A synthetic gas including air, CO2 and N2 was used to simulate SEG conditions. A “test” consisted of ten complete cycles of calcination/carbonation. Calcination was performed at 850 °C, fluidising the bed with a stream of 10 % CO2 (balance air) to simulate oxidising conditions typical of the combustor-calciner. In the carbonation stage, the temperature was kept at 650 °C and the CO2 concentration was set at 10 % (balance nitrogen) to account for reducing conditions typical of the gasifier-carbonator.During each carbonation stage, the CO2 concentration at the exhaust was continuously monitored to calculate the CO2 specific capture performance. The sorbent attrition rate was determined by working out the mass of fines elutriated at the exhaust and collected in filters, for each calcination and carbonation stage. After a test, each exhaust sorbent sample was sieve-analysed to obtain the particle size distribution and the fraction of generated fragments. Moreover, the characterisation was extended by carrying out, in an ex situ apparatus, impact fragmentation tests on samples preprocessed in DIFB.Results were critically analysed in the light of the adopted operating conditions, by also including: (a) a fitting equation of conversion data, able to give indications on the sorbent resistance to sintering; (b) a carbonation reaction model, that allowed the estimation of the decrease in the sorbent specific surface area as long as the number of cycles increases.

Oxidative catalytic steam gasification of sugarcane bagasse for hydrogen rich syngas production

Reactive Flash Volatilization (RFV) is an emerging thermochemical method to produce tar free hydrogen rich syngas from waste biomass at relatively lower temperature (<900 °C) in a single stage catalytic reactor within a millisecond residence time. Here, we show catalytic RFV of bagasse using Ru, Rh, Pd, or Re promoted Ni/Al2O3 catalysts under steam rich and oxygen deficient environment. The optimum reaction conditions were found to be 800 °C, steam to carbon ratio = 1.7 and carbon to oxygen ratio = 0.6. Rh–Ni/Al2O3 performed the best, resulting in highest hydrogen concentration in the synthesis gas at 54.8%, with a corresponding yield of 106.4 g-H2/kg bagasse. A carbon conversion efficiency of 99.96% was achieved using Rh–Ni, followed by Ru–Ni, Pd–Ni, Re–Ni and mono metallic Ni catalyst in that order. Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal species present in the bagasse ash and char, that deposited on the catalyst, was found to enhance its activity and stability. The hydrogen yield from bagasse was higher than previously reported woody biomass and comparable to the microalgae.

H2-rich syngas production from gasification involving kinetic modeling: RSM-utility optimization and techno-economic analysis.

In this research article, H2 rich syngas production is optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and a utility concept involving chemical kinetic modeling considering eucalyptus wood sawdust (CH1.63O1.02) as gasification feedstock. By adding water gas shift reaction, the modified kinetic model is validated with lab scale experimental data (2.56 ≤ root mean square error ≤ 3.67). Four operating parameters (i.e., particle size "d p", temperature "T", steam to biomass ratio "SBR", and equivalence ratio "ER") of air-steam gasifier at three levels are used to frame the test cases. Single objective functions like H2 maximization and CO2 minimization are considered whereas for multi-objective function a utility parameter (80% H2 : 20% CO2) is considered. The regression coefficients (R H2 2 = 0.89, R CO2 2 = 0.98 and R U 2 = 0.90) obtained during the analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirm a close fitting of the quadratic model with the chemical kinetic model. ANOVA results indicate ER as the most influential parameter followed by T, SBR, and d p. RSM optimization gives H2|max = 51.75 vol%, CO2|min = 14.65 vol% and utility gives H2|opt. = 51.69 vol% (0.11%↓), CO2|opt. = 14.70 vol% (0.34%↑). The techno-economic analysis for a 200 m3 per day syngas production plant (at industrial scale) assured a payback period of 4.8 (∼5) years with a minimum profit margin of 142% when syngas selling price is set as 43 INR (0.52 USD) per kg.

Recent advances in dynamic modeling and control studies of biomass gasification for production of hydrogen rich syngas.

The conversion of biomass through thermochemical processes has emerged as a promising approach to meet the demand for alternative renewable fuels. However, these processes are complex, labor-intensive, and time-consuming. To optimize the performance and productivity of these processes, modeling strategies have been developed, with steady-state modeling being the most commonly used approach. However, for precision in biomass gasification, dynamic modeling and control are necessary. Despite efforts to improve modeling accuracy, deviations between experimental and modeling results remain significant due to the steady-state condition assumption. This paper emphasizes the importance of using Aspen Plus® to conduct dynamics and control studies of biomass gasification processes using different feedstocks. As Aspen Plus® is comprising of its Aspen Dynamics environment which provides a valuable tool that can capture the complex interactions between factors that influence gasification performance. It has been widely used in various sectors to simulate chemical processes. This review examines the steady-state and dynamic modeling and control investigations of the gasification process using Aspen Plus®. The software enables the development of dynamic and steady-state models for the gasification process and facilitates the optimization of process parameters by simulating various scenarios. Furthermore, this paper highlights the importance of different control strategies employed in biomass gasification, utilizing various models and software, including the limited review available on model predictive controller, a multivariable MIMO controller.

Chem-bio interface design for rapid conversion of CO2 to bioplastics in an integrated system

Chem-bio interface design for rapid conversion of CO2 to bioplastics in an integrated system

CO2 utilization potential of a novel calcium ferrite based looping process fueled with coal: Experimental evaluation of various coal feedstocks and thermodynamic integrated process analysis

Conversion of CO2 to CO was performed at 800–850 °C via reduction of calcium ferrite (CaFe2O4) with coal followed by oxidation of reduced CaFe2O4 with CO2 to produce CO and partially oxidized Ca ferrite. The process was evaluated with several types of coals which included lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, anthracite and pet-coke. Reduction of CaFe2O4 with sub-bituminous coal and lignite coal was more favorable than that with higher rank coals. Stable reactivity performance was demonstrated for 35-cycle test conducted with lignite coal/CaFe2O4 at 800 0C and with high conversion of CO2 to CO. The rate of conversion of CO2 to CO with reduced CaFe2O4 was found to be 1st order with respect to CO2 and had a low activation energy of 7.4 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic integrated process assessments suggest that two and three reactor process concepts can be realized and net CO2 utilization achievable. The Two reactor configuration shows the highest potential for CO2 utilization while generating a value-added CO rich syngas stream.

From municipal solid waste (MSW) to hydrogen: Performance optimization of a fixed bed gasifier using Box-Benkhen method

Management of solid waste, generated from the municipal/urban sectors has always been troublesome to the governing authorities, especially of the developing and wide populated nations. Traditionally, the municipal solid waste (MSW) is dumped in low land areas for land-filling purpose or burnt in improper way which causes environmental pollution in short term as well as in long term basis. It is experienced that production from green fuel like hydrogen (H2) from MSW through gasification route will not only mitigate the MSW management issues but also reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. In this study, model development of a fixed bed gasifier considering steam gasification method is carried out for production of H2 rich syngas from MSW. Additionally, optimization study by employing Box-Benkhen method of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is performed to find out the best values output parameters viz., H2 yield, lower heating value (LHV) of syngas and cold gas efficiency (CGE). It is noted that modelled gas data matches well with the experimental gas data. It is also imparted from the optimization analysis that the model offers H2 yield of about 64% with LHV of the syngas of about 11 MJ/kg and cold gas efficiency of about 92%, respectively. Desirability of the model predicted results are computed to be ‘0.79’ which signifies that results are substantially accurate and well acceptable.

Biohydrogen production from furniture waste via catalytic gasification in air over Ni-loaded Ultra-stable Y-type zeolite

• Ni-USY catalysts were applied in FW gasification to produce H 2 -rich syngas. • The greatest gas yield and biohydrogen selectivity was obtained from Ni-USY(5). • Maximum biohydrogen production yield was achieved by a 20 wt% Ni loading. • Raising temperature (up to 800 ℃) led to enhancement of biohydrogen production. This is the first study on air gasification of furniture waste (FW) over Ni-loaded ultra-stable Y-type zeolites (Ni-USY) to produce biohydrogen. Effects of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio of USY (5, 30, and 60), Ni loading (5, 10, 20, and 30 wt%) onto the support, and reaction temperature (700, 750, and 800 °C) on catalytic air gasification were investigated. The Ni-USY(5) led to a relatively higher gas yield (72.19 wt%) and higher volume percent of H 2 (31.94 vol%) and CO (34.57 vol%) and lower CH 4 and C 2 -C 4 yields than the Ni-USY(30) and Ni-USY(60). An increase in the Ni loading onto USY(5) support from 5 wt% to 30 wt% did not affect the yield of gas. The concentrations of H 2 (41.16 vol%) and CO (38.62 vol%) increased as increasing Ni loading from 5 wt% to 20 wt%. The H 2 and CO concentrations significantly decreased as the Ni loading became over 20 wt%. Increasing the temperature from 700 to 800 °C increased the yields of H 2 and CO and decreased the yields of CO 2 , CH 4 , and C 2 -C 4 . The contents of harmful compounds (e.g., benzene derivatives, phenolics, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in liquid product were suppressed when using the Ni-USY(5). The air gasification with the Ni-USY catalysts could offer as an emerging technology to transform FW to H 2 -rich syngas with low contents of harmful pollutants.

Biomass gasification for sustainable energy production: A review

Gasification process is considered as one of the best routes of energy recovery from biomass by producing syngas mostly including H2, CO, and CH4. Biomass as the main renewable energy resources has great advantages regarding its diversity, availability, and sustainability for supplying energy needs in heat, electricity production, biofuel production for transportation, etc. Various gasifiers based on the gasifying process and agents have been examined. This paper reviewed the theory of biomass gasification by comparing and analyzing different gasification models-designs and configurations, also different operational conditions. It aimed to bring a holistic approach for hydrogen rich syngas production based on the present technologies, techno-economic analysis, and industrial/commercialization pathways. The biomass gasification technologies need to be improved for hydrogen production regarding the global environmental and economic issues. The review provided better insights into the enhancement of syngas production from biomass.