Rich Neighbors Research Articles

Mixed Geometry Message and Trainable Convolutional Attention Network for Knowledge Graph Completion

Knowledge graph completion (KGC) aims to study the embedding representation to solve the incompleteness of knowledge graphs (KGs). Recently, graph convolutional networks (GCNs) and graph attention networks (GATs) have been widely used in KGC tasks by capturing neighbor information of entities. However, Both GCNs and GATs based KGC models have their limitations, and the best method is to analyze the neighbors of each entity (pre-validating), while this process is prohibitively expensive. Furthermore, the representation quality of the embeddings can affect the aggregation of neighbor information (message passing). To address the above limitations, we propose a novel knowledge graph completion model with mixed geometry message and trainable convolutional attention network named MGTCA. Concretely, the mixed geometry message function generates rich neighbor message by integrating spatially information in the hyperbolic space, hypersphere space and Euclidean space jointly. To complete the autonomous switching of graph neural networks (GNNs) and eliminate the necessity of pre-validating the local structure of KGs, a trainable convolutional attention network is proposed by comprising three types of GNNs in one trainable formulation. Furthermore, a mixed geometry scoring function is proposed, which calculates scores of triples by novel prediction function and similarity function based on different geometric spaces. Extensive experiments on three standard datasets confirm the effectiveness of our innovations, and the performance of MGTCA is significantly improved compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.

Proper edge-colorings with a rich neighbor requirement

Under a given edge-coloring of a (multi)graph G, an edge is said to be rich if there is no color repetition among its neighboring edges; e.g., any isolated edge is rich. A rich-neighbor coloring of G is a proper edge-coloring such that every non-isolated edge has at least one rich neighbor. For this weaker variant of strong edge-colorings, we believe that every connected subcubic graph ≠K4 admits a rich-neighbor 5-coloring. In support of this, we show that every subcubic graph admits a rich-neighbor 7-coloring. The paper concludes with few open problems for subcubic graphs concerning the analogous notions of normal-neighbor colorings and poor-neighbor colorings.

The Ideal Meal: Masculinity and Disability among Host and Guests in Luke

In the Gospel of Luke, the social gathering of the meal appears again and again. It is a setting for Jesus’ interactions as well as a topic of conversation. Drawing on theories of disability and masculinity, this article examines the various meal scenes in Luke 14. The focus is on Jesus’ advice to the host about who to invite and who not to invite when hosting a meal (vv. 12–14). This saying constructs a complex and intersecting web of potential guests. Those that should not be invited, belong to the social world of the privileged man: his brother, friend, relative and rich neighbor. Representing different levels of his radius of trust, they all have something to give back. The preferred guests in Jesus’ parable, however, are those who lack the resources to give anything back, due to bodily disability and lack of means: “The poor, the crippled, the lame and the blind” (Luke 14:14, NRSV). The article thus examines how health, economic ability, and gender intersect. The ideal meal in the Gospel of Luke negotiates the complex social web of the ancient world. We suggest that disability and masculinity are key issues and scrutinize these categories to rethink the social make-up of ideal communities as suggested by Luke.

CNNGRN: A convolutional neural network-based method for gene regulatory network inference from bulk time-series expression data.

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) participate in many biological processes, and reconstructing them plays an important role in systems biology. Although many advanced methods have been proposed for GRN reconstruction, their predictive performance is far from the ideal standard, so it is urgent to design a more effective method to reconstruct GRN. Moreover, most methods only consider the gene expression data, ignoring the network structure information contained in GRN. In this study, we propose a supervised model named CNNGRN, which infers GRN from bulk time-series expression data via convolutional neural network (CNN) model, with a more informative feature. Bulk time series gene expression data imply the intricate regulatory associations between genes, and the network structure feature of ground-truth GRN contains rich neighbor information. Hence, CNNGRN integrates the above two features as model inputs. In addition, CNN is adopted to extract intricate features of genes and infer the potential associations between regulators and target genes. Moreover, feature importance visualization experiments are implemented to seek the key features. Experimental results show that CNNGRN achieved competitive performance on benchmark datasets compared to the state-of-the-art computational methods. Finally, hub genes identified based on CNNGRN have been confirmed to be involved in biological processes through literature.

Regional Economic Integration and Productivity Convergence: Empirical Evidence from East Asia

The study attempts to seek evidence on regional economic integrationin driving labor productivity convergence in low-and middle-income East Asian states towards Japan, the country assumed to be the regional technology leader. The labor productivity convergence of low-and middle-income East Asian countries towards their rich neighbor is modelled against their national levels of innovation, technology spill-oversfrom the regional economic leader and their productivity differential with the frontier country. The hypothesized relationship is empirically verified for seven East Asian states, using a robust econometric approach. The time-series test estimates under Error Correction Representation yield absolute support in favor of valid productivity convergence occurring between Japan and its low-and middle income neighbors. However, panel data estimates generated with better statistical power outperform the time-series test findingsand these results reject the significance of Japan as the regional productivity growth driver for its regionaldevelopingstates.

The Road to Recovery the Role of Poverty in the Exposure, Vulnerability and Resilience to Floods in Accra

In June 2015, about 53,000 people were affected by unusually severe floods in Accra, Ghana. The real impact of such a disaster is a product of exposure (“Who was affected?”), vulnerability (“How much did the affected households lose?”), and socioeconomic resilience (“What was their ability to cope and recover?”). This study explores these three dimensions to assess whether poor households were disproportionally affected by the 2015 floods by using household survey data collected in Accra in 2017. It reaches four main conclusions. (1) In the studied area, there is no difference in annual expenditures between the households who were affected and those who were not affected by the flood. (2) Poorer households lost less than their richer neighbors in absolute terms, but more when compared with their annual expenditure level, and poorer households are over-represented among the most severely affected households. (3) More than 30% of the affected households report not having recovered two years after the shock, and the ability of households to recover was driven by the magnitude of their losses, sources of income, and access to coping mechanisms, but not by their poverty, as measured by the annual expenditure level. (4) There is a measurable effect of the flood on behaviors, undermining savings and investment in enterprises. The study concludes with two policy implications. First, flood management could be considered as a component of the poverty-reduction strategy in the city. Second, building resilience is not only about increasing income. It also requires providing the population with coping and recovery mechanisms such as financial instruments. A flood management program needs to be designed to target low-resilience households, such as those with little access to coping and recovery mechanisms.

Marching On: Rereading Little Women and Louisa May Alcott

Marching On: Rereading Little Women and Louisa May Alcott Stephanie Carpenter (bio) The Afterlife of Little Women by Beverly Lyon Clark. Johns Hopkins Press, 2015, 288 pp., $44.95 (hardcover). Meg, Jo, Beth, Amy: The Story of Little Women and Why It Still Matters by Anne Boyd Rioux. W. W. Norton, 2018, 288 pp., $16.95 (paper). March Sisters: On Life, Death, and Little Women by Kate Bolick, Jenny Zhang, Carmen Maria Machado, and Jane Smiley. Library of America, 2019, 196 pp., $21.95 (hardcover). Marmee & Louisa: The Untold Story of Louisa May Alcott and Her Mother by Eve LaPlante. Simon and Schuster, 2012, 384 pp., $18.00 (paper). Little Women directed by Greta Gerwig, Columbia Pictures, 2019. Little Women directed by Vanessa Caswill, BBC Television, 2017. ________ You likely know the plot of Louisa May Alcott’s 1868–1869 novel, Little Women. Whether you’ve read the book or seen one of its adaptations for film or screen, you probably have some recollection of the four March sisters’ comings-of-age in New England during and just after the Civil War. Poor but resourceful, the sisters are Meg, who dreams of wealth and fame as an actress but finds fulfillment in marriage and motherhood; Jo, the strong-willed writer, who helps support the family by publishing potboilers, then sets aside her literary aspirations to launch [End Page 191] a boys’ school with her husband, Professor Bhaer; Beth, gentle and musical, who succumbs to scarlet fever; and Amy, the artistic and urbane youngest, who ultimately marries their rich neighbor, Laurie. The girls’ mother, Marmee, shepherds them through the tumult of adolescence with support from Hannah, their housekeeper, and limited counsel from Mr. March, who is away as a chaplain in the Union Army for half the book and absorbed in his own ministerial and philosophical pursuits for the rest. I read Little Women for the first time in elementary school. My mother had already introduced me to the Marches when my school acquired a complete set of Alcott’s children’s books—Under the Lilacs, An Old-Fashioned Girl, Eight Cousins, Rose in Bloom—in matching green-and-gold bindings. I was then, as I am now, fascinated by the manners and material culture of the nineteenth century, but the books’ stories of growing up with and despite one’s loved ones also captivated me. Simultaneously serious and playful, Alcott’s books seemed more provocative—or provocative of more interesting questions—than did the sordid Sweet Valley High novels shelved nearby. Even now, Little Women, Little Men, and Jo’s Boys are among the few books I keep in my bedside table. They’ve remained close at hand not just because of my early identification with Jo, the restless writer, but also because of my later interest in Alcott herself, whose life and career I studied in graduate school. Before Little Women, Alcott aspired to write serious novels for adults—novels of ideas, such as her first foray, Moods, a female bildungs-roman. Having had a modest success with Hospital Sketches, a lightly fictionalized account of her experiences as a Civil War nurse, she was persuaded by her publisher to try a book for children. The success of that attempt set the course for her career. Little Women earned enough to clear the Alcott family’s persistent debts; what could Louisa do but write more like it—write to the point of exhaustion and beyond? Alcott’s death at age fifty-five in a convalescent home reflects the physical toll of her chronic illness (long identified as mercury poisoning from the calomel she was treated with during her Union Army service, though more recently understood as an autoimmune disorder) and of the financial responsibilities she bore throughout her life. At the time of her death in 1888, the unmarried Alcott was raising her eight-year-old niece, Lulu, whose mother, May Alcott Nieriker, had died in Paris shortly after childbirth. She was also supporting her widowed older sister, Anna, and [End Page 192] her widowed eighty-eight-year-old father, Bronson, who predeceased her by less than forty-eight hours. Alcott had legally adopted Anna’s younger son, John Sewell...

At the Crossroads of Uncertainty: Venezuelan Migration to Colombia

The shared 2,219-kilometer border between Colombia and Venezuela was once considered one of the most dynamic borders in Latin America, as thousands of people would cross back and forth daily. The nature of mobility between the two countries has changed dramatically over the past decade, and with it the social geography of both nations. Beginning in the 1950s, large waves of Colombians migrated to Venezuela, an oil rich neighbor, where many found work and economic opportunities in Venezuela’s social welfare state that were not available at home. The Colombian armed conflict also pushed hundreds of thousands of people toward Colombia’s northeastern border, leading many to cross and seek refuge there in the 1990s and 2000s. By 2011, Colombians made up the largest population of foreigners living in Venezuela, almost 700,000 in total (Mejía Ochoa, 2012).

Is It a Curse or a Blessing to Live Near Rich Neighbors? Spatial Analysis and Spillover Effects of House Prices in Beijing

This study investigates the spatial statistics of house prices in Beijing, China. We examine whether the house prices in one region is affected by the house price in neighbouring regions. We also investigate how the house prices in one region is affected by unknown characteristics of the neighbouring regions. Moreover, we analyse whether the explanatory factors of house prices in one region are affected by explanatory factors of house prices in neighbouring regions. Subsequently, we attempt to investigate the spatial spill-over effects of explanatory factors. Initially, we use Lagrange Multiplier (LM) test to examine the significance of spatial autocorrelation. After this we apply the spatial autoregressive model (SAR), spatial Durbin model (SDM), spatial autoregressive model with autoregressive disturbances (SAC) and spatial error model (SEM) into spatial regression methods. The paper overcomes the shortcomings of the previous studies by extending the range of examining spatial models, providing reasonable spatial model selection procedures, and employing improved spatial weights to analysing spillover effects of explanatory factors. On the aspect of analysing direct and indirect (spill-over) effects, this study examines the partitioning of direct and indirect effects and finds out the impacts of the neighbouring factors. Evidence is found for spatial dependence of house prices: house prices in one region are influenced by the house prices in neighbouring regions positively and significantly. Evidence is found for spatial heterogeneity of house prices across the space: house prices in neighbouring regions spill over more in times of increasing neighbouring house prices, then when neighbouring house prices are declining. Evidence is found for spatial spillover effects of explanatory factors: increases of average wage of real estate staff, income , tax, urban population and the house prices of the previous year increases the house prices positively in neighbouring regions; a decrease of unemployment drives down the house prices in neighbouring regions.

A Moon for the Misbegotten

A Moon for the Misbegotten

Income inequality is associated with stronger social comparison effects: The effect of relative income on life satisfaction.

Previous research has shown that having rich neighbors is associated with reduced levels of subjective well-being, an effect that is likely due to social comparison. The current study examined the role of income inequality as a moderator of this relative income effect. Multilevel analyses were conducted on a sample of more than 1.7 million people from 2,425 counties in the United States. Results showed that higher income inequality was associated with stronger relative income effects. In other words, people were more strongly influenced by the income of their neighbors when income inequality was high.

The Rich Neighbor Policy Rockefeller and Kaiser in Brazil

ELIZABETH A. COBB: New Haven, Yale University Press, 1992.

Innovation and Regional Growth inMexico: 2000–2010

AbstractThis paper looks at the factors driving regional growth inMexico, paying special attention to the potentially growth‐enhancing role of innovation and innovation policy. The analysis combines innovation variables with indicators linked to the formation of adequate social conditions for innovation (thesocial filter), and spillovers for 31 Mexican states and theMexico City capital district (theDistrito Federal) during the period 2000–2010. The results indicate that regional economic growth acrossMexican states stems from direct investment in research and development (R&D) in areas with favorable social filters and which can benefit not only from knowledge spillovers, but also from being surrounded by rich neighbors with good social conditions. The results stress that, althoughMexican innovation policy has been relatively well targeted in order to generate greater economic growth, its relatively modest size may have undermined the attainment of its main objectives.

Merchant Neighbors of the More Family on Milk Street

This paper provides basic research on eleven individuals who were neighbors of the More family living on Milk Street in London from roughly the 1490s into the 1530s. All but one were Mercers and all belonged to the Merchant Adventurers, who dealt in overseas trade. The most famous were Sir Thomas Kitson, Sir James Yarford, and Sir Richard Gresham. They, and some of the other neighbors, can be tied in various ways with Thomas More. This is especially true from about 1509, after More himself was admitted to the guild. The paper argues that More’s service began even earlier, back to at least 1505, when he helped the Mercers with land transactions, as they planned to build their new hall and chapel. For almost all of his adult life – right up to when he resigned from the Lord Chancellorship in 1532 – Thomas More was involved in the affairs of his fellow guild members and his very rich neighbors.

Paediatrics and child health care in Cuba

Despite being a poor country living with the US trade blockade for over 50 years Cuba has achieved an infant mortality rate of 5.0 per 1000 live births and a life expectancy of 78 years comparing very favorably with the statistics not only of Australia but also with other countries in Central and South America and particularly with those of the United States. Following the Cuban revolution of 1959 the State prioritized health and education and these priorities have been maintained ever since. Table 1 demonstrates these with the percentage of gross domestic product directed towards health compared with a range of other countries - both developing and developed - and outcomes. How has this been achieved in a poor country cut-off from access to the resources of its rich neighbor? A recent visit to Cuba focusing on Pediatrics and Child Health Care gave the authors the opportunity to try and learn some of the answers. During their visit they had the opportunity to meet practitioners at various levels of the healthcare system in different parts of the country and discuss the system as it is delivered at each of those levels. [excerpt]

A Tale of Two Compadres: Teaching International Trade and Development Across Cultures

The world is flat. Globalization and technology have opened pathways into other countries and cultures, and those of us who teach law in this environment must be able to take advantage of those openings. A few years ago, I was asked to teach International Trade and Development Law in Guatemala. Although I had taught the course numerous times at my home institution in California, designing and implementing the course for a Guatemalan audience would require some re-framing. International trade law is, by definition, consistent across borders thus the core legal concepts do not change whether I am teaching in Guatemala or California. But to be effective, a trade course taught in Guatemala would have to take that country's unique social, economic and cultural history into consideration. I am a storyteller, thus I began my inquiry in Guatemala by exploring its rich storytelling tradition. Almost immediately, I came across a teaching story that provided a frame for my musings. In A Tale of Two Compadres, a poor man asks his rich neighbor to teach him how to become economically successful. But the rich compadre was the jealous and envious sort, so he advised the poor man to kill his bull and sell its “package” abroad. Thinking this was real advice, the poor man obeyed. Through a strange and unexpected twist of fate, the poor compadre becomes a rich man. And so the rich compadre goes to his formerly poor compatriot seeking his advice on how to become wealthy. The (formerly) poor man offers up the same advice the rich compadre had once given him. But the rich man was not so lucky. He proved to be an unworthy teacher, and thus he was destined to live out the rest of his days in poverty.In designing my course for a Guatemalan audience, I sought to be a worthy teacher. This essay explores the lessons I learned teaching the course as part of a unique program designed by Pacific McGeorge Law School (my home institution). While some of those lessons are particular to that experience and do not easily translate (pun intended!), much of what my bilingual and bicultural students taught me has a great deal to tell us about how to effectively teach trade concepts to students across cultures and around the world.

Are Geese Flying by Themselves Inside China? An LSTR-SEM Approach to Income Convergence of Chinese Counties

In this paper, we examine beta-convergence of real per-capita income of Chinese counties. We account for both the spatial dependences between counties and the possibility of different convergence regimes. The first feature is captured by the spatial error term, whereas the second one is modeled using the spatial logit smooth transition approach. Two groups of counties can be identified: 1) counties, which have relatively poor neighbors and tend to grow faster and converge, and 2) counties, which have relatively rich neighbors and tend to grow slower and hence fail to converge. The counties belonging to the first group are concentrated mainly in western interior provinces, such as Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, western part of Xinjiang Uygur. The counties of the second group are located mainly in coastal regions. Whereas in the benchmark model the estimated convergence rate is 0.8% for unconditional regression and 1.7% for condtional regression, the alternative models produce the convergence rate of 1.3-1.5% for unconditional regressions and 2.3-2.6% for conditional regressions, which is quite close to the estimates reported typically in the literature.

NGOs' Strategies and the Challenge of Development and Democracy in Bangladesh

SummaryRecent research Bangladesh has come to embody an interesting paradox. On the one hand, it has experienced rising rates of growth, a slow but steady decline in poverty and impressive progress in terms of social development, outperforming some of its richer neighbours on a number of Millennium Development Goals. On the other hand, it has an abysmal record on governance and was ranked as the world's most corrupt country for five consecutive years by Transparency International. There is an emerging view that the country's extremely active development NGO sector has contributed to some of the more positive achievements. The question that this paper sets out to address is why these organisations have not made an equivalent contribution on the governance front. The paper argues that while Bangladesh is reported to have more NGOs per capita than other developing countries, those organisations have gradually abandoned social mobilising and collective action strategies for a narrower focus on service delivery and microcredit provision. Our research with the members of six organisations that straddle the continuum between microfinance and social mobilisation suggests that the specific developmental strategies of these membership‐based groups do indeed have consequences for both development and democracy in the country.

Fixation for distributed clustering processes

AbstractWe study a discrete‐time resource flow in \input amssym ${\Bbb Z}^d $ where wealthier vertices attract the resources of their less rich neighbors. For any translation‐invariant probability distribution of initial resource quantities, we prove that the flow at each vertex terminates after finitely many steps. This answers (a generalized version of) a question posed by van den Berg and Meester in 1991. The proof uses the mass transport principle and extends to other graphs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Spatial-temporal dynamics of regional convergence at County level in Jiangsu

The dynamics of regional convergence include spatial and temporal dimensions. Spatial Markov chain can be used to explore how regions evolve by considering both individual regions and their geographic neighbors. Based on per capita GDP data set of 77 counties from 1978 to 2000, this paper attempts to investigate the spatial-temporal dynamics of regional convergence in Jiangsu. First, traditional Markov matrix for five per capita GDP classes is constructed for later comparison. Moreover, each region’s spatial lag is derived by averaging all its neighbors’ per capita GDP data. Conditioning on per capita GDP class of its spatial lag at the beginning of each year, spatial Markov transition probabilities of each region are calculated accordingly. Quantitatively, for a poor region, the probability of moving upward is 3.3% if it is surrounded by its poor neighbors, and even increases to 18.4% if it is surrounded by its rich neighbors, but it goes down to 6.2% on average if ignoring regional context. For a rich region, the probability of moving down ward is 1.2% if it is surrounded by its rich neighbors, but increases to 3.0% if it is surrounded by its poor neighbors, and averages 1.5% irrespective of regional context. Spatial analysis of regional GDP class transitions indicates those 10 upward moves of both regions and their neighbors are unexceptionally located in the southern Jiangsu, while downward moves of regions or their neighbors are almost in the northern Jiangsu. These empirical results provide a spatial explanation to the "convergence clubs" detected by traditional Markov chain.