Rich Mineral Research Articles

The Aksug Porphyry Cu–Mo Ore-Magmatic System (Northeastern Tuva): Sources and Formation of Ore-Bearing Magma

Abstract ––Two stages are recognized in the evolution of the Aksug ore-magmatic system (OMS): (1) formation of the Aksug granitoid pluton and (2) emplacement of small ore-bearing intrusions. Intrusive bodies of the two stages are composed of rocks of the same type and bear copper mineralization: poor dispersed and large-scale veinlet-disseminated, respectively. The pluton and small intrusions are formed by gabbroid and granitoid rocks, with similar petrogeochemical characteristics of igneous rocks of the same type. The plutonic gabbroic association includes gabbro, gabbrodiorites, and pyroxene–amphibole diorites/quartz diorites. The small subvolcanic gabbroic intrusions are gabbrodiorite and diorite porphyrites. The trace element patterns of the gabbroids are similar to those of igneous rocks in subduction zones. The gabbroids are characterized by isotope parameters εNd(500) = +6.1 to +7.2 and (87Sr/86Sr)500 = 0.7022–0.7030 and model age TNd(DM) = 0.85–0.74 Ga. As follows from the geochemical parameters, the depleted mantle metasomatized by subduction fluids was the source of basaltic magma. The plutonic granitoid association includes tonalites, plagiogranites, and amphibole diorites/quartz diorites; the small subvolcanic granitoid intrusions are tonalite porphyry and quartz diorite porphyrites. The trace element patterns and Nd and Sr isotope compositions of the granitoids are much similar to those of the gabbroids. According to the geochemical parameters, tonalitic and plagiogranitic magmas formed through the melting of juvenile mafic crust, and dioritic magma resulted from the mixing of basaltic and tonalitic/plagiogranitic magmas. In the course of the OMS formation, metals and volatiles were introduced by basaltic and granitoid magmas from the metasomatized mantle and juvenile mafic crust. The compression setting during the pluton formation hampered the separation of ore-bearing fluids, which led to poor dispersed mineralization. The extension setting during the emplacement of small intrusions favored the intense separation of ore-bearing fluids. The interaction of magma and fluids of the small intrusions with rocks of the pluton was accompanied by the removal of metals from the latter and their involvement in the ore-forming process. This increased the ore potential of the magmatic system and favored the formation of rich mineralization at the final stage of its evolution.

Chemical amelioration of nepheline sands using sewage sludge from a regional wastewater treatment plant

The studies on the use of municipal wastewater sludge as an unconventional chemical ameliorant with a fertilizing effect were carried out on ore dressing waste ("tailings") of the apatite-nepheline plant ANOF-2 KF JSC "Apatit" with a predominance of nepheline sands in their composition. The tailings dump is included in the list of objects of accumulated environmental damage in the region, but due to its rich mineral composition, it is recognized as a technogenic deposit subject to conservation for the prospect of obtaining apatite, nepheline, sphene, aegirine and titanomagnetite concentrates. In the work, the method of phytotesting of soil irrigated with unfiltered rainwater with fragmentary application of sewage sludge of a regional wastewater treatment plant enterprise has been applied. The experiments have been carried out on a single-species seed recommended for reclamation of disturbed territories in the northern regions. During the formation of a sown phytocenosis from meadow timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) on nepheline sands, the stimulating effect of sewage sludge on the nutrient regime of the soil is confirmed. After phytoextraction (at the end of the experiment), it retains a high residual pool of basic nutrients (N, P, K), which indicates a prolonged action of sewage sludge. To confirm the effect obtained in laboratory conditions, a field experiment has been laid at the ANOF-2 reserve tailing dump in 2019, observations are continuing.

Mine-site derived particulate matter exposure exacerbates neurological and pulmonary inflammatory outcomes in an autoimmune mouse model

ABSTRACT The Southwestern United States has a legacy of industrial mining due to the presence of rich mineral ore deposits. The relationship between environmental inhaled particulate matter (PM) exposures and neurological outcomes within an autoimmune context is understudied. The aim of this study was to compare two regionally-relevant dusts from high-priority abandoned mine-sites, Claim 28 PM, from Blue Gap Tachee, AZ and St. Anthony mine PM, from the Pueblo of Laguna, NM and to expose autoimmune-prone mice (NZBWF1/J). Mice were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 8/group): DM (dispersion media, control), Claim 28 PM, or St. Anthony PM, subjected to oropharyngeal aspiration of (100 µg/50 µl), once per week for a total of 4 consecutive doses. A battery of immunological and neurological endpoints was assessed at 24 weeks of age including: bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts, lung gene expression, brain immunohistochemistry, behavioral tasks and serum autoimmune biomarkers. Bronchoalveolar lavage results demonstrated a significant increase in number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils following Claim 28 and St. Anthony mine PM aspiration. Lung mRNA expression showed significant upregulation in CCL-2 and IL-1ß following St. Anthony mine PM aspiration. In addition, neuroinflammation was present in both Claim 28 and St. Anthony mine-site derived PM exposure groups. Behavioral tasks resulted in significant deficits as determined by Y-maze new arm frequency following Claim 28 aspiration. Neutrophil elastase was significantly upregulated in the St. Anthony mine exposure group. Interestingly, there were no significant changes in serum autoantigens suggesting systemic inflammatory effects may be mediated through other molecular mechanisms following low-dose PM exposures.

Nutritional compositions of two edible insects: Oryctes rhinoceros larva and Zonocerus variegatus

Considerably large quotas of insect species worldwide are prospective sources of food with high nutrient value, which suggests their importance in human diets. This study investigates and compares the nutrient and anti-nutrient contents of Oryctes rhinoceros larva and Zonocerus variegatus. The nutrient and anti-nutrient compositions of both Oryctes rhinoceros larva (palm beetles) and Zonocerus variegatus (grasshopper) were determined following standard procedures. The proximate results revealed that Oryctes rhinoceros had higher amounts of crude protein (34.76 ± 0.44%) and carbohydrate (10.37 ± 1.73%) compared to those in Zonocerus variegatus ((30.73 ± 1.15%) and (5.36 ± 2.15%) respectively), while crude lipid (20.00 ± 0.00%) was higher in Zonocerus variegatus. Rich mineral components were also obtained in both insects. Potassium and sodium (1905.01 ± 185.01 mg/100g and 1656.00 ± 46.00 mg/100g) were moderately high in Zonocerus variegatus compared to Oryctes rhinoceros (1070.00 ± 260.00 mg/100g and 931.50 ± 11.50 mg/100g), while calcium (368.00 ± 16.00 mg/100g) was comparably higher in Oryctes rhinoceros. The anti-nutrient values of both insects fall within tolerable levels, and subsequently pose no threat to life, indicating that these insects are good sources of several macro and micronutrients. Oryctes rhinoceros, however, may likely serve as a better source of nutrients, considering its more valuable contents of macromolecules.

Potassium-enriched clinoptilolite zeolite mitigates the adverse impacts of salinity stress in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) by increasing silicon absorption and improving the K/Na ratio

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that adversely affects turfgrass growth. Clinoptilolite zeolite, a silicon (Si)-rich mineral, may allow these plants to cope with salinity. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of ordinary clinoptilolite zeolite (OZ) and potassium-enriched clinoptilolite zeolite (K-EZ) on the growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were assessed under salinity stress. Perennial ryegrass seeds were cultured in soil mixtures amended, or not, with OZ or K-EZ, then exposed to three salinity levels (0, 50 or 100 mM NaCl) for three months. Control plants were grown in the same soil mixture without zeolites, but not exposed to salinity. In salinity, the application of both types of zeolite significantly decreased Na content by 44.36% and 21.31%, but increased K content by 272.34% and 81.59%, as well as the K/Na ratio by 590.47% and 129.43%, in shoots and roots, respectively, compared to the no-zeolite treatment. Similarly, Si content in shoots increased by 28.33%. Amending the soil mixture with zeolite, especially K-EZ, enhanced relative water content, membrane stability index, total chlorophyll content, total soluble proteins, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities but reduced the contents of total soluble carbohydrates, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde in saline conditions. Shoot and root dry weight, root volume and root/shoot ratio also improved. Soil amendment with both forms of zeolite, as a Si-rich mineral, partially offset the negative impacts of salinity on perennial ryegrass, although K-EZ had more noticeable positive and beneficial effects. The amendment of growth media with zeolite may be an effective sustainable management practice for turfgrass used in landscaping and sports fields exposed to saline water.

Messinian West Alboran Sea record in the proximity of Gibraltar: Early signs of Atlantic-Mediterranean gateway restriction

Late Miocene sedimentary records in the Gibraltar arch region hold fundamental information on the Atlantic-Mediterranean connectivity before, during and after the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC; 5.96-5.33 Ma). In this work we tackle this still unresolved problem through a detailed foraminifer-based biostratigraphy, micropaleontological and geochemical analyses of four available records (ODP 976B and DSDP 121) and boreholes (Andalucia-G1 and Alboran A1) in the West Alboran Basin (WAB). The combined use of these different analytical techniques together with new seismic stratigraphy enabled us to create a new and revised Upper Tortonian-Lower Pliocene Alboran Sea chronostratigraphic framework and estimate the magnitude of the Zanclean erosion. At Site 976, the dominance of a peculiar cold planktonic foraminifer fauna in the late Tortonian-early Messinian could possibly imply the existence of a proto-Gibraltar Strait, while at ~7.2 Ma, changes towards warmer foraminifer assemblages, increasingly stratified water column and sharp increase in terrestrial input indicate the beginning of the restriction of the Mediterranean from the Atlantic Ocean. Cyclical changes visible both in the elemental composition and foraminifer assemblages from here onward highlight a strong precessional cyclicity, which can be correlated to the first signs of reduced ventilation and sapropel deposition in the Eastern Mediterranean. The integration of seismic profiles and core analyses finally revealed that the Messinian expression in the Alboran basin is limited to two units: one hemipelagic and one chaotic, most probably connected to the MSC final stages. The Messinian succession in the Alboran basin is topped by an unconformity, most likely related with the Zanclean reflooding, which eroded a sedimentary succession of ~1.67 Ma. An extremely rare phosphate (canaphite) and Mg rich minerals were recognized described and associated to interstitial fluids and diagenetic processes.

The development of new technologies of obtaining ice cream from almond milk

The article discusses the technology of obtaining ice cream from almond milk, which is useful for people with diabetes and who have lactose intolerance. The study determined the physical and chemical composition of almond milk and the new finished product. In the proposed new product, there is no sugar in the recipe, which is harmful to the human body in large quantities.dates with a rich vitamin and mineral composition, medicinal properties and high nutritional value are added to give the taste properties.

Border area tourism with problems and prospective: RF-Mongolia

This article will explore the potential of the tourism sector in the districts of the Republic of Buryatia, Irkutsk region and Tyva, RF at the Russian-Mongolian border is based on a combination of a huge amount of diverse natural resources. The area in whole has rich water resources, including lakes, rivers, waterfalls and mineral springs, with well-preserved mountainous landscapes, in harmony with a centuries-old cultural and ethnic heritage of locals. Also, the Okinsky District has a unique location adjacent to the border between the Russian Federation and Mongolia. Despite its remoteness, the area might be considered as an attractive destination with great recreational prospects. However, several problems have been identified which impede severely active promotion of tourism. It is noteworthy that these are typical not only for the Okinsky district but common within many remote areas of the Russian Federation. Ways of solving the problems have been suggested to develop the tourism industry along with provision of environmental sustainability of the area and well-being of the local population.

A study on the physical and mechanical properties of a granite outcrop for a quarry at Onikoko community, Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria

Purpose. To investigate the physical and mechanical properties of a granite outcrop for a quarry at Onikoko community in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. Methods. Samples of granite rock were collected from the outcrop for the laboratory determination of their physical and mechanical properties required for determining its suitability for construction and engineering purposes, and the desired properties were determined. Findings. Results from the tests conducted on the granite samples indicated the various values of physical and mechanical properties of the outcrop in the study area. The results obtained are found to be within the acceptable international standards. Hence, the granite outcrop is found to be suitable for establishing a quarry in the study area based on the results obtained. Originality.The results in this study have affirmed the fact that granite rocks must possess adequate physical and mechanical characteristics to make them suitable for construction and engineering purposes. The physico-mechanical properties of the granite outcrop evaluated in this study having their values within the international standards attest to high strength cha-racterization of the granite rock. The life span of the proposed quarry is established to be forty years, which is also an indication of rich mineralization of the area. Practical implications. Results of this study can be a useful source of information to potential investors and policy makers for the establishment of a quarry in the study area. Hence, government’s attention can be drawn to the needs of the host community for the provision of basic infrastructures. Keywords: granite outcrop, physical and mechanical properties, quarrying operation

Растительность класса Scheuchzerio–Caricetea fuscae Tx. 1937 в районе горного массива Янганапэ (восточный макросклон Полярного Урала)

Растительность класса Scheuchzerio–Caricetea fuscae Tx. 1937 в районе горного массива Янганапэ (восточный макросклон Полярного Урала)

АКТУАЛЬНІ ЗАВДАННЯ ШЛІХОВОГО АНАЛІЗУ СУЧАСНИХ ДОННИХ ОСАДКІВ

Gold and other heavy minerals often form scaly, leafy, needle-like or split crystals, dendrites of complex shape, individuals and aggregates with a large number of internal cavities. Significant mobility of these particles in water and air streams causes their separation from the psammitic component of sediment and deposition together with clay minerals. During preparatory stages for mineralogical analysis, such crystals of heavy minerals fall into slime part. According to classical algorithm of schlich mineralogical analysis slime part is thrown away. So it leads to losses of rich minerals and an incorrect analysis. The main purpose of the article is to present the new algorithm for the preparation of the bottom sediments samples for the mineralogical analysis and to demonstrate practical benefits of it. Authors propose the meliorated methods of mineralogical analysis considering comprehensive study of test material. The real natural composition of ore minerals in the sediments consists of adding the data "heavy concentrate-1" and "heavy concentrate-2". This provides an increase in industrial value of minerals by 10-30%, compared with the methods of prospecting that operate today. Such detailed analysis showed that modern bottom sediments include both natural components and man-made materials (plastic, polyethylene, synthetic fibers and fabrics, fuel, various types of petroleum products, metallurgical and household waste). Mineralogical analysis can be used as an ecological method for assessing the environmental pollution and reviewing the types of pollutants. The estimation of mineral reserves according to new methodology opens opportunities for profitable field development of poor polymetallic deposits. The study of bottom sediments by such a method indicates the need to clean hydrogeoecosystems and stimulates the development of new recycling methods in the economy and the waste-free production, for example, cleaning beaches from heavy metals and waste, complex sludge processing after dredging works in riverbeds, berths and port waters.

Mineralogie křemenných žil ložiska cínových rud Hřebečná u Abertam v Krušných horách (Česká republika)

An extraordinary rich mineral assemblage (more than 35 determined mineral species) has been discovered in quartz greisen mineralization found at dump material of the abandoned Mauritius mine. This mine is situated about 1 km N of the Hřebečná village, 16 km N of Karlovy Vary, Krušné hory Mountains, Czech Republic. The studied mineralization with its textural and mineralogical character differs significantly from the usual fine-grained greisens mined in this area. The primary mineralization is represented by coarse-grained quartz and fluorapatite with sporadic zircon, monazite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y) and very rare cassiterite. Besides common sulphides (arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite-group minerals), Bi-sulphosalts (aikinite, bismuthinite, berryite, cuprobismutite, emplectite, wittichenite) were determined. Members of the tetrahedrite group also contain increased amounts of Bi - in addition to Bi-rich tennantite-(Zn) and tennantite-(Fe), microscopic zones represented by the not approved Bi-dominant analogue of tennantite („annivite-(Zn)“) were also found. The primary mineralization was intensively affected by supergene processes. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite are replaced by Cu sulphides - especially anilite and digenite, and more rarely by geerite, spionkopite and covellite. Some of the fluorapatite grains in the vein quartz were decomposed and mrázekite, mixite, libethenite, pseudomalachite, hydroxylpyromorphite, metatorbernite as well as rare dzhalindite crystallized in the resulting cavities. However, the most abundant supergene phases are the minerals of the alunite supergroup - crandallite, goyazite, plumbogummite, svanbergite and waylandite. The detailed descriptions, X-ray powder diffraction data, refined unit-cell parameters and quantitative chemical composition of individual studied mineral phases are presented.

The role of investment in economic development

This article examines the role of investment in the development of the economy and the consequences of its impact, and develops ways to direct investment in the event of unforeseen crises.This article examines the role of investment in the development of the economy and the consequences of its impact, and develops ways to direct investment in the event of unforeseen crises. In the context of modernization of the national economy, ensuring the implementation of the goals of investment policy in the country at the macro and micro levels, not only to expand and modernize production, but also to increase the investment attractiveness of regions, enterprises, social sectors, rich mineral resources. resources, further increase the processing of agricultural products, improve the quality of manufactured products.

Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of carbonates from the Zhulingou Ge-Zn deposit in Guizhou Province and its geological significance

以碳酸盐岩为容矿岩石的后生热液铅锌矿床（Mississippi Valley-type，MVT矿床）是世界上一种重要的铅锌矿床类型，也是锗的重要工业来源之一。热液碳酸盐矿物是MVT矿床中最主要的脉石矿物，其形成贯穿整个MVT矿床成矿过程。因此，碳酸盐矿物携带丰富的成矿信息，是认识MVT矿床成因的重要补充。位于贵州省贵定县境内的竹林沟锗锌矿床，是近年来新发现的富锗锌矿床（平均品位97.9×10^-6 Ge，6.54% Zn），赋存于泥盆系碳酸盐岩中。本次工作发现该矿床不同期次热液白云石的矿物学和微量元素地球化学特征存在明显差异：成矿期前白云石（Dol1）主要呈细脉状穿插围岩，被成矿期白云石和硫化物脉穿插，部分呈细粒状被后期白云石包裹；成矿早期白云石（Dol2）主要呈粗粒状，与闪锌矿共生；主成矿期白云石（Dol3）主要呈脉状、团块状，与闪锌矿和黄铁矿共生；成矿晚期白云石（Dol4）呈团块状充填于闪锌矿矿石或者围岩中；成矿期后白云石（Dol5）呈脉状穿插或包裹其它期次白云石/闪锌矿-黄铁矿条带。C-O同位素研究表明，成矿期白云石主要来源于碳酸盐围岩的溶解，成矿流体中的C来源于围岩，而较低的δ¹⁸O值可能是亏损¹⁸O的成矿流体和围岩间水/岩反应过程中O同位素发生交换的结果。激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICPMS）白云石原位微量元素分析结果表明，Dol2-Dol4的Y/Ho比值相对稳定（30.5~47.9），结合区域成矿特征，认为形成成矿期白云石的流体主要为盆地卤水，与该矿床属于MVT矿床事实吻合。Dol1和Dol5具有相对较低的稀土总量（∑REE=3.97×10^-6~29.7×10^-6），很可能与白云岩围岩（∑REE=25.2×10^-6~61.3×10^-6）溶解作用有关，直接继承围岩的稀土元素组成特征；成矿期Dol2-Dol4的∑REE较高（∑REE=39.2×10^-6~117×10^-6），暗示成矿流体本身也携带了部分稀土元素。成矿各期次白云石均具有明显的Eu负异常（δEu=0.38~0.72）特征，指示成矿温度可能较高（>200℃），Ce正异常相对稳定（δCe=1.10~1.28），暗示其成矿流体pH值保持弱酸性。综上，本文认为竹林沟锗锌矿床的形成经历如下过程：在伸展背景下，深循环盆地卤水萃取下伏地层和基底岩石中的Zn、Ge和REE等元素，形成富金属流体，受构造作用驱动沿区域性断裂不断向上运移，在赋矿层位与富硫流体发生混合作用，导致闪锌矿等硫化物沉淀；在整个成矿过程，成矿环境经历了还原→氧化的转变，成矿元素发生了共生分异，在竹林沟形成富锗锌矿体，在牛角塘形成富镉锌矿体，而pH始终保持弱酸性，直至被围岩碳酸盐岩中和。;Carbonate-hosted epigenetic hydrothermal Pb-Zn deposits, i.e. Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits, are important lead-zinc resources in the world and a major industrial source of germanium (Ge). Wherein hydrothermal carbonates are the most important gangue minerals and their formation runs through the whole metallogenic process of MVT deposits. Therefore, hydrothermal carbonates contain rich mineralization information and are an important supplement for understanding the genesis of MVT deposits. The Devonian carbonate-hosted Zhulingou Ge-Zn deposit (97.9×10^-6 Ge, 6.54% Zn) located in Guiding County, Guizhou Province, is newly discovered in recent years. The hydrothermal dolomite of the Zhulingou deposit have various mineralogical features:the pre-ore dolomite (Dol1) occurs mainly as veinlets or interspersed in host rocks and cross-cut by ore-stage dolomite and sulfides, or occurs as fine crystals enclosed by the late dolomite; the early ore-stage dolomite (Dol2) is mainly coarse-grained and coexists with sphalerite; the main ore-stage dolomite (Dol3) is mainly vein-like or clumpy, coexisting with sphalerite and pyrite; the late ore-stage dolomite (Dol4) fills into sphalerite or host rocks in the form of clumps; the post-ore dolomite (Dol5) crosscuts/encloses early stages of dolomite/sphalerite-pyrite bands. The C and O isotopic data show that the formation of Dol2-Dol4 is likely related to the dissolution of the carbonate host rocks, and the C in the ore-forming fluid derives from the country rocks, the lower δ¹⁸O may be contributed to the isotope exchange between the host rock and the ore-forming fluid with ¹⁸O depletion. The laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) in situ analytical results show that the Y/Ho ratios of Dol2-Dol4 are relatively constant (30.5~47.9). This indicates that the fluids formed metallogenic dolomite are basin brine, which is supported by the MVT genesis of the Zhulingou deposit. Dol1 and Dol5 with lower ∑REE values (3.97×10^-6~29.7×10^-6) may be related to the dissolution of the host rock dolostone (∑REE=25.2×10^-6~61.3×10^-6), and directly inherit the REE characteristics of the latter. The relatively high ∑REE values (39.2×10^-6~117×10^-6) of Dol2-Dol4 suggest an REE source from the ore-forming fluids. Hydrothermal dolomite at Zhulingou is characterized by significantly negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.38~0.72), implying a relatively high ore-forming temperatures (>200℃). The positive Ce anomalies (δCe=1.10~1.28) suggest weakly acidic ore-forming fluid. In conclusion, this study proposed that the formation of the Zhulingou Ge-Zn deposit experienced the following process:under the regional extensional stress, the deep circulated brine extracted the ore-forming elements (e.g. Zn, Ge and REE) from underlying strata and basement rocks, and formed the metal-rich fluids, which continued to transport upward along the regional faults driven by tectonic action. The metal-rich fluids were mixed with the sulfur-rich fluids in the ore-bearing strata to form the sulfide such as sphalerite. During the ore-forming process, the metallogenic environment went through the transition from reduction to oxidation accompanied by symbiosis and differentiation of ore-forming elements, forming Ge-rich zinc ore body at Zhulingou, and Cd-rich zinc ore body at Niujiaotang, while the fluids remain weakly acidic until neutralized by the host rock carbonates.

Diversification of the economy in the context of globalization (case of Azerbaijan)

Research background:Azerbaijan, as a country with rich mineral resources, faces macroeconomic difficulties due to income instability. In 2011-2013, during the period of high world oil prices, Azerbaijan began to diversify the economy and develop the non-oil sector at the expense of oil and gas export revenues. The need to diversify the economy and export has become especially important in the conditions of increased global competition and the integration of the national economy into the world economy.Purpose of the article:The aim of the issue is assessment and study the characteristics of diversification of the economy of Azerbaijan, analyze the dependence of the country’s economic development on the degree of diversification of its economy and exports, assess the level of economic diversification of the country.Methods:To measure the level of diversification, we used indicators such as Herfindahl-Hirschmann export diversification index, and industry concentration in GDP. The originality and value of the research lies in revelation a number of indicators specific to the Azerbaijani economy that affect economic growth based on correlation-regression analysis and other econometric methods. According to econometric characteristics, the resulting model is adequate and confirms the empirical findingsFindings & Value added: The results of the study showed that deeper diversification of the economy is required. To overcome oil dependence and conduct effective economic diversification, it is necessary to develop processing industries, expand the accessibility of small and medium enterprises to financial resources, and stimulate foreign investment in the non-oil sector.

Effect of the Nutritive Components of Mulberry Fruits From Two Cultivars Based on Irrigation Scheduling

BACKGROUND: The mulberry cultivars ‘Daeshim’ and ‘Shimgang’ were developed in RDA in 2014 and 2017, respectively. ‘Daeshim’ yields a fruit size bigger than that of other varieties and has a productivity of over 70%, whereas ‘Shimgang’ has a high yield and a special characterization against the mulberry popcorn disease. In our study, a compositional comparison of these popular cultivars in Korea was undertaken to explore the nutrient profiles of mulberry fruit and promote the development of the rich minerals and flavonoids in mulberry fruit as performing each other irrigation time. METHODS AND RESULTS: These two cultivars were collected from the Sericulture and Apiculture Division, RDA, in Korea to investigate their amounts, weights, minerals, and flavonoid content using each other instrument. After 6 h of irrigation treatment, the amount of fruit (kg/tree) from Daeshim and Shimgang increased by 17.5 and 15.2 kg/tree, respectively. The total flavonoid content from Daeshim and Shimgang was determined to be 132.9 mg and 36.3 mg, respectively, after the 6 h irrigation treatment. CONCLUSION: Appropriate irrigation treatment methods such as water scheduling and volume will help increase fruit quantities and farmer incomes. It would be interesting to conduct further in-depth research on these fruits so that consumers can benefit from them as a food additive.

Examination of the effect of type and quantity of sugar on main sensory parameters of homemade oat-flakes biscuit

AbstractThe fiber intake is an important part of the human diet. The fiber-deficient nutrition may have long-term health problems. Oat (Avena sativa) is an excellent source of fiber and it has many health benefits due to its rich vitamin and mineral composition. Oats are used as flour and flakes in the food industry. The oat-flakes can be used in a variety of cakes, but it can be also consumed as breakfast cereals or porridge.The objective of our work was to determine the effect of the sugar content and sugar types on main sensory parameters of oat-flakes biscuit. During the experiments, six different types of biscuit were made with the addition of white or brown sugar at three different concentration levels. The moisture content, color, and the frangibility of the samples were analyzed during the 4-day storage period. The sensory evaluation of the biscuit samples was also performed on the first day of storage.The parameters of the rupture test and color measurement did not show significant changes during the storage, but the individual types of biscuits made of different types and quantities of sugar could be well distinguished. Results of sensory evaluation showed significant differences in frangibility, structure and stickiness parameters.

Analysis of multi-minerals in seafoods in Zhejiang Province

To analyze the contents of Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in 33 kinds of marine products, such as fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish and mollusk. The national standard GB 5009. 268-2016 Determination of multi elements in foods was used for determination. The correlation between multi elements was statistically analyzed. The highest level of Ca was found in clam(510. 2 mg/100 g edible), K in mackerel(444. 4 mg/100 g edible), Na in clam(487. 6 mg/100 g edible), Mg in conch(132. 7 mg/100 g edible). The highest level of Fe and Mn was in conch(37. 35 and 2. 6 mg/100 g edible). The highest level of Zn and Cu was in oyster(15. 92 and 8. 58 mg/100 g edible). The correlation analysis showed that Mn-Ca was highly correlated in fish and shrimp(r=0. 9438 and 0. 8585, P < 0. 05), while Cu-Mg, Cu-Zn, Zn-Na were highly correlated in shellfish(r=-0. 9102, 0. 8501 and 0. 8428, P < 0. 05). There are rich mineral elements in different seafood, which can provide reference for the reasonable diet of residents.

Anticipated climate changes reveal shifting in habitat suitability of high-altitude selaginellas in Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Setyawan AD, Supriatna J, Nisyawati, Nursamsi I, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Sunarto, Pradan P, Budiharta S, Pitoyo A, Suhardono S, Setyono P, Indrawan M. 2020. Anticipated climate changes reveal shifting in habitat suitability of high-altitude selaginellas in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5482-5497. High-altitude ecosystems with humid and cool climate are the preferred habitat for some Selaginella species (selaginellas). Such habitats are available in Java, Indonesia, which also has fertile soils with rich mineral contents resulted from volcanic activities. However, the high-altitude ecosystems in Java are threatened by various anthropogenic activities as well as changes in climate conditions, potentially affecting some Selaginella species. This study aimed to investigate the shift in suitable habitat of four species of high-altitude Selaginella spp. (Selaginella involvens, S. opaca, S. ornata, and S. remotifolia) in Java Island under current and future climate conditions predicted by several representative greenhouse gas concentration pathways. Presence data of Selaginella localities were collected from field survey between 2007 and 2014 across the island, as well as occurrence points from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database. A total of 1,721 occurrence points data along with environmental and climate data were used to develop species distribution models using MaxEnt. Future habitat distributions were projected under four climate scenarios to see the shift in suitable habitat and altitudinal ranges. The results showed that the distribution of the four high-altitude Selaginella species are strongly influenced by altitude, annual average temperature, and annual rainfall. In the present time, 37.32% (48,974 km2) of the area of Java has been predicted to be suitable for high-altitude Selaginella. Under the optimistic climate scenario (RCP 2.6), the highly suitable area will likely to decrease by almost 35% in the year 2080, whereas the medium and low suitable areas will reduce by about 37.2% and 18.3%, respectively. Under the pessimistic scenario (RCP 8.5), about 21.2% of low suitable areas will be lost in 2080, whereas the medium and highly suitable areas are predicted to decrease by around 38.1% and 33.4%, respectively. Under the pessimistic scenario, there will be upward shift by 51.1 m in the year 2030 from the current’s mean altitude and will shift by almost 150 m in the year 2080. The maximum altitude of predicted suitable habitat is also predicted to increase to reach almost 3500 m asl in the year 2080. The results of this study imply that habitat shift of four high-altitude Selaginella species varies depending on the scenario, but in all cases, the losses are greater than gains.

Multivariate statistical analysis of the hydrochemical characteristics of a volcano sedimentary aquifer in Saraburi Province, Thailand

Study regionThe study area is located in the southwest Kaeng Khoi district and the east Muang District, Saraburi Province, Thailand. Based on its hydrostratigraphic characteristics, the aquifer in this area can be divided into an unconsolidated floodplain deposit aquifer (Qfd) and a volcanic aquifer (Vc). Study focusThis research investigated the hydrogeological characteristics and hydrogeochemical parameters of 42 groundwater samples obtained in the summer and rainy seasons. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to identify the natural and anthropogenic impacts that likely influenced groundwater quality. New hydrological insights for the regionThe groundwater type in Qfd and Vc is mainly Ca-Na-HCO3, suggesting that the hydrochemical groundwater of both aquifers is affected by the same sources. This study found evidence of ion exchange between Ca2+ and Na+ in both seasons. The five principal components had a cumulative variance greater than 76.11 and 77.88 % in the rainy and summer seasons, respectively. Based on correlation analysis and PCA, the sources of the groundwater chemistry are generally silicate and calcite weathering from geological formations, including alkali feldspar and Ca2+- and Mg2+- rich minerals. Moreover, some ions arose from anthropogenic activities, typically irrigation water and sewage wastewater. The presence of photphate (PO43-) may be related to the dissolution of apatite and associated with anthropogenic activities, causing an increase in PO43− in the rainy season.