Rich Depth Research Articles

Adversarial Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for 3D Semantic Segmentation with 2D Image Fusion of Dense Depth

AbstractUnsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) is increasingly used for 3D point cloud semantic segmentation tasks due to its ability to address the issue of missing labels for new domains. However, most existing unsupervised domain adaptation methods focus only on uni‐modal data and are rarely applied to multi‐modal data. Therefore, we propose a cross‐modal UDA on multi‐modal datasets that contain 3D point clouds and 2D images for 3D Semantic Segmentation. Specifically, we first propose a Dual discriminator‐based Domain Adaptation (Dd‐bDA) module to enhance the adaptability of different domains. Second, given that the robustness of depth information to domain shifts can provide more details for semantic segmentation, we further employ a Dense depth Feature Fusion (DdFF) module to extract image features with rich depth cues. We evaluate our model in four unsupervised domain adaptation scenarios, i.e., dataset‐to‐dataset (A2D2 → SemanticKITTI), Day‐to‐Night, country‐to‐country (USA → Singapore), and synthetic‐to‐real (VirtualKITTI → SemanticKITTI). In all settings, the experimental results achieve significant improvements and surpass state‐of‐the‐art models.

Applying optimized YOLOv8 for heritage conservation: enhanced object detection in Jiangnan traditional private gardens

This study aims to promote the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage in private gardens in the Jiangnan area of China. By establishing a precise visual labeling system and accelerating the construction of a database for private garden features, we deepen the understanding of garden design philosophy. To this end, we propose an improved Jiangnan private garden recognition model based on You Only Look Once (YOLO) v8. This model is particularly suitable for processing garden environments with characteristics such as single or complex structures, rich depth of field, and cluttered targets, effectively enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of object recognition. This design integrates the Diverse Branch Block (DBB), Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN), and Dynamic Head modules (DyHead) to optimize model accuracy, feature fusion, and object detection representational capability, respectively. The enhancements elevated the model's accuracy by 8.7%, achieving a mean average precision (mAP@0.5) value of 57.1%. A specialized dataset, comprising 4890 images and encapsulating various angles and lighting conditions of Jiangnan private gardens, was constructed to realize this. Following manual annotation and the application of diverse data augmentation strategies, the dataset bolsters the generalization and robustness of the model. Experimental outcomes reveal that, compared to its predecessor, the improved model has witnessed increments of 15.16%, 3.25%, and 11.88% in precision, mAP0.5, and mAP0.5:0.95 metrics, respectively, demonstrating exemplary performance in the accuracy and real-time recognition of garden target elements. This research not only furnishes robust technical support for the digitization and intelligent research of Jiangnan private gardens but also provides a potent methodological reference for object detection and classification research in analogous domains.

Digital Story Telling in the Kindergarten Level-An Emerging Tool in 21st Century: A Detailed Study

These days, technology improves instruction and learning in the classroom. “Concepts from the curriculum are rewritten as tales, backed by multimedia technology and integrated into visual, aural, and kina esthetic learning channels. When such tools are included, a tale becomes more digitalized and mediated, which enriches its content and applications. The action referred as to the delivery of the story is known as Digital Storytelling”. The present study has been undertaken to study the key elements of digital storytelling, to discuss the different types of storytelling. It also discusses the usefulness of digital story telling for both the teachers and the students. Basically this study is descriptive in nature. The methodology consists of a conceptual discussion on highlighting the key features of the Digital Story Telling Method. Basically, it is a documentary study. It is based on secondary data. The conclusion made in the study is based on Secondary sources. Digital tales combine voice and story to provide people, events, experiences, and insights rich depth and vibrant colour. The phrase "digital storytelling" is used in a variety of fields, including education and entertainment, although its meanings and explanations differ greatly.

A Light Field Full-Focus Image Feature Point Matching Method with an Improved ORB Algorithm

Most of the traditional image feature point extraction and matching methods are based on a series of light properties of images. These light properties easily conflict with the distinguishability of the image features. The traditional light imaging methods focus only on a fixed depth of the target scene, and subjects at other depths are often easily blurred. This makes the traditional image feature point extraction and matching methods suffer from a low accuracy and a poor robustness. Therefore, in this paper, a light field camera is used as a sensor to acquire image data and to generate a full-focus image with the help of the rich depth information inherent in the original image of the light field. The traditional ORB feature point extraction and matching algorithm is enhanced with the goal of improving the number and accuracy of the feature point extraction for the light field full-focus images. The results show that the improved ORB algorithm extracts not only most of the features in the target scene but also covers the edge part of the image to a greater extent and produces extracted feature points which are evenly distributed for the light field full-focus image. Moreover, the extracted feature points are not repeated in a large number in a certain part of the image, eliminating the aggregation phenomenon that exists in traditional ORB algorithms.

Buganda Royal Music Revival

Buganda Royal Music Revival

Advancing women, parity, and gender equity.

For centuries, society has called out for transformations to lift all of its members. While it may seem ordinary in our time for women to be dentists or dental educators, the path was neither always easy, nor has true equity been achieved. The modern transformation of dental education and dentistry creates the need for leaders to propose and develop concrete initiatives to advance the profession and benefit society. Areas to address that could lead to increased equity for women include career advancement, leadership opportunities, compensation, career satisfaction, research, and scholarly activity. Our analysis demonstrates that even though the number of full-time female faculty has increased during recent years, most positions (59.5%) at dental schools in the US are held by men (2018-2019). Males were also compensated at higher rates than their female counterparts, and female deans made 7% less in total compensation. Because disparities are evident in pay and academic pathways, new directions and strategies must be employed to ensure parity and gender equity. Facilitating the progress of women in organized dentistry requires efforts of dental academic institutions to invest resources and provide nurturing environments that promote professional performances and leadership skills for women, with these being priorities-considering the current trends that anticipate increased numbers of women in dental academia. All dentists bring their own experiences to the profession, making for rich depth and diversity. As a collective voice, we have a bright future. We can and will move forward together.

Tiga Lapis Makna Puisi ‘Aku Berkaca’ Karya Chairil Anwar

Interpretation is the art of seeking meaning just as the author originally intend- ed. In the process, the author’s intent becomes the key of which among many towards an interpretation. Each interpretation requires the interpreter to enter the author’s mind and identify with the author, achieve total experience or repeat the global experience of the author and enter the realm of his emotions. Chairil Anwar’s ‘aku Berkaca’ is an interesting text offering a rich depth of meaning to be drawn from. There are at least three layers of meaning contained within the poem, namely the context layer, the sound layer, and the meaning layer. These three layers of meaning usher the reader towards the climax indeed the climax as the author intends is a message and meaning in of itself.

Multilevel feature fusion and edge optimization network for self-supervised monocular depth estimation

Monocular depth estimation is an essential step in scene geometry understanding. However, the depth maps predicted by the existing methods have the problems of loss of small target details and blurred edges. To this end, we propose a monocular depth estimation method based on multilevel feature fusion and edge optimization to obtain depth maps with rich depth details and precise edges. First, we improved the encoder part to make it better adapted for the depth estimation task. In addition, we fill the U-shaped network with a dense feature fusion layer (Dense-FL) to capture global context information and then combine the proposed structure attention module to further enhance the obtained feature information, so the depth map contains more detailed information. Finally, we design an edge optimization module to incorporate edge features into the training process and combine the proposed reweighted loss and image edge detail loss to constrain the network, so as to further improve the learning ability of the model to the edge of the object. The experimental results on the KITTI dataset show that the depth prediction results obtained by our method perform better at small targets and the edges of objects in the scene, and the structure of the objects is more complete. Generalization experiments on the Cityscapes and Sceneflow datasets also further confirmed the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method.

Physics and Psychics: The Occult and the Sciences in Modern Britain, by Richard Noakes

Reviewed by: Physics and Psychics: The Occult and the Sciences in Modern Britain by Richard Noakes Ruth Heholt (bio) Physics and Psychics: The Occult and the Sciences in Modern Britain, by Richard Noakes; pp. xvi + 403. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2019, $115.56, $49.44 paper. Of his study, Physics and Psychics: The Occult and the Sciences in Modern Britain, Richard Noakes declares, "This book is about the heyday of 'physics and psychics' which took place in the period circa 1870–1930. … It argues that the study of psychical phenomena occupied a much more significant place among late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century physical scientists than we have assumed" (5). This admirably clear introduction to the text begins a fascinating trawl through the controversial subject of the relationship between physics and psychical research. We are familiar with the debates around science and psychics, and indeed, Noakes has conducted some admirable research into this area over the years. However, this book makes a differentiation that opens things up and brings exciting new nuances to a somewhat well-worn debate. The main point is that Noakes concentrates on physics in particular rather than science in general, and the fruitful difference this focus makes is surprising. One of the striking things about the book is that Noakes often does not separate out the psychic from the physical in a way one might expect from a twenty-first-century scholarly monograph. Instead, he shows that the emergence of physics as a discrete scientific discipline happened alongside the rise in interest in psychic phenomena (material, philosophical, technological, spiritual, and scientific). Moreover, the two shared the same platform and, for many people, were hardly distinguishable. This is a very new take on the scholarly discussion of the relationship between the occult and the supernatural, on the one hand, and science, on the other. Most work on the subject sees them as coming together at various points of interest but not as being conceived and emerging together. Noakes, however, cites "an entangled cultural history of physical and psychical sciences" (19). This is evidenced in his coined term "physical-psychical scientists" (19). Eschewing the terms "pseudo-scientists" and "pseudo-science" (he uses "alternative sciences") makes this stance one [End Page 122] of the freshest and most exciting aspects of the book (8). Coming at the subject with serious intent and with no objective of debunking people who were serious about their work allows Noakes to obtain a depth of discussion not often found even in the most admirable works on the subject. As he states early on, psychical and physical sciences were intermingled from the start; the reciprocal implications "were taken much more seriously than we have acknowledged" (19). This is a dense book which is a labor of love and the culmination of many years of work. Not designed to be read in one sitting, it is organized in a way that will allow scholars and students to find a rich depth of material to suit their needs even if they do not read the book from cover to cover. The introduction gives a comprehensive overview of the way that scholarship has dealt with and examined the subject over the years. From looking at the decline in religion, to considering specifics of belief and new technologies, to exploring underlying tropes around gender, class, race, intellectual trends, and psychology, the introduction provides an extremely useful survey of academic discussions about the subject of science and the occult and what might be termed the supernatural. This introduction could easily become the go-to place for students and scholars interested in this area. The book is peppered with famous names such as Franz Mesmer, Michael Faraday, William Crookes, Oliver Lodge, and John Elliotson. And, perhaps because of the scientific slant that the scholarship is exploring, it is quite male-centric, and I feel some of the key texts on women, the occult, and science have been missed. Where, for example, is Diana Basham's 1992 The Trial of Woman: Feminism and the Occult Sciences in Victorian Literature and Society, or Marina Warner's work, notably Phantasmagoria: Spirit Visions, Metaphors & Media (2006)? Also (although I acknowledge a distinct...

Finding Spaces: Teacher Education Technology Competencies (TETCs)

This article explores technology’s integration, assessment, and reflection within a single secondary education program at a Mountain West university. In light of the publication of the Teacher Education Technology Competencies (TETCs), faculty members of a secondary education program focused on existing practices and pathways for expansion to better align with the TETC standards in the future. The purpose of this study was to explore existing practices of incorporating technology into secondary methods coursework and to search for new spaces to implement the TETC guidelines and structure, as well as explore the roles faculty play in the adoption and implementation of technologies. Vignettes authored by faculty in each content area provide a rich depth of faculty experience and dispositions regarding technology integration, as well as spaces for the deeper use of technology based on the TETC recommendations. Key questions emerged about the efficacy of current technology practices, as well as the experiences and dispositions of the faculty within the secondary education program. Findings show that secondary education faculty use domain/content-specific technologies in their course; are expected to be “meta-experts”, both discovering and implementing technology simultaneously; and tend to discover technologies through content-specific interactions and discussions.

Bayesian network based general correspondence retrieval method for depth sensing with single-shot structured light

This study reinvestigated one of the most fundamental problems in structure light depth sensing field: correspondence retrieval of features between patterns and images. We formulate the global optimum correspondence retrieval by maximizing a conditional probability of correspondence given observed features, which is depicted by a Bayesian network. Different from traditional “code-only” based correspondence retrieval methods, the proposed Bayesian network based method exploits the positional correlations of correspondences of neighboring features, namely, the correspondences of poorly detected features are estimated with the aid of the correspondences of well detected features. The method performs especially well on challenging scenes with rich depth variations, abrupt depth changes, edges, etc. Experiments show that the proposed method increase the correspondence accuracy by about 40% on challenging scenes, compared with traditional “code-only” based correspondence retrieval methods.

The Curriculum Design Coherence Model in the Knowledge‐Rich School Project

This Research Report describes the trialling of the Curriculum Design Coherence (CDC) Model in the Knowledge‐Rich School Project in New Zealand. The Project’s findings suggest that a CDC Model curriculum development design programme may be of use more widely. The CDC Model achieves conceptual coherence and progression, firstly by using generalising subject concepts as the mechanism to create coherence; secondly by using connected content to materialise the subject concepts; and thirdly by employing the cohering subject concepts in competencies for real‐life application. It is argued that a curriculum designed according to a subject’s internal cohering mechanism gives rich depth and breadth to a national curriculum. It also assists students in acquiring deep understanding as their engagement with knowledge builds cognition. The sections in this report, ‘Introduction’, ‘The Knowledge‐Rich School Project’, ‘Knowledge Project Findings—Teachers’ Practice’, and ‘Knowledge Project Findings—the CDC Model’, provide accounts of the Project’s methods which have been used to create the findings. The collaborative design by researchers and teachers of ‘worked examples’ which apply the CDC Model was looked at first. Secondly, the ongoing refinement of the Model was investigated as the worked examples revealed its strengths and limitations, refinements which were fed back into the Model’s application. The sections ‘The Curriculum Design Coherence Model’, ‘Knowledge Types’, ‘Knowledge and Learning’, and ‘Knowledge and Language’ contain discussions of the realist (rational) theory of knowledge which informs the Model as well as explanations of how this knowledge theory justifies the Model’s design as a concept‐cohering tool. The CDC Model’s theoretical strength as a curriculum design tool makes it useful for professional programmes and teacher education. It avoids the limitations of both content‐list and skills‐based approaches for a concept‐cohering ‘rich’ approach to the curriculum.

Mathematical Mystery in a Cultural Game

This study described the mathematical depth in a mathematical activity carried out in a village in Turkey’s Eastern Anatolia Region. This activity presented in the context of the game reflects a cultural situation of doing mathematics over time. In this context, it can identify as a study of ethnomathematics. Therefore, the cultural game was introduced first, and then the mathematical depth behind this game was uncovered in all its aspects. Finally, the mathematical relationship behind the game was analysed in terms of mathematics education. The case study, as one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The participants of the study consist of 1 person who knows, transmits, and teaches the cultural game. The game process and semi-structured interview that constituted the research data were recorded with a camera and a voice recording device. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the interview. Findings of the study suggest that the cultural game is played without considering its mathematical depth, but that there is a rich mathematical depth behind it. The results also indicate that such games offer an effective way for adults learning mathematics. On the other hand, the study revealed that there could be different ways of thinking between school mathematics and ethnomathematics. It is thought that synthesizing mathematics with games that include ethnomathematics has the potential to provide students at diverse levels with an excellent mathematical experience.

DLDTI: a learning-based framework for drug-target interaction identification using neural networks and network representation

BackgroundDrug repositioning, the strategy of unveiling novel targets of existing drugs could reduce costs and accelerate the pace of drug development. To elucidate the novel molecular mechanism of known drugs, considering the long time and high cost of experimental determination, the efficient and feasible computational methods to predict the potential associations between drugs and targets are of great aid.MethodsA novel calculation model for drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction based on network representation learning and convolutional neural networks, called DLDTI, was generated. The proposed approach simultaneously fused the topology of complex networks and diverse information from heterogeneous data sources, and coped with the noisy, incomplete, and high-dimensional nature of large-scale biological data by learning the low-dimensional and rich depth features of drugs and proteins. The low-dimensional feature vectors were used to train DLDTI to obtain the optimal mapping space and to infer new DTIs by ranking candidates according to their proximity to the optimal mapping space. More specifically, based on the results from the DLDTI, we experimentally validated the predicted targets of tetramethylpyrazine (TMPZ) on atherosclerosis progression in vivo.ResultsThe experimental results showed that the DLDTI model achieved promising performance under fivefold cross-validations with AUC values of 0.9172, which was higher than the methods using different classifiers or different feature combination methods mentioned in this paper. For the validation study of TMPZ on atherosclerosis, a total of 288 targets were identified and 190 of them were involved in platelet activation. The pathway analysis indicated signaling pathways, namely PI3K/Akt, cAMP and calcium pathways might be the potential targets. Effects and molecular mechanism of TMPZ on atherosclerosis were experimentally confirmed in animal models.ConclusionsDLDTI model can serve as a useful tool to provide promising DTI candidates for experimental validation. Based on the predicted results of DLDTI model, we found TMPZ could attenuate atherosclerosis by inhibiting signal transductions in platelets. The source code and datasets explored in this work are available at https://github.com/CUMTzackGit/DLDTI.

Early Customs Laws and Delegation

This past Term the Supreme Court reexamined the nondelegation doctrine, with several justices concluding that in the proper case, the Court should consider significantly strengthening the doctrine in its contemporary form. Adherents to the doctrine question whether Congress has developed a practice of improperly delegating to administrative agencies the legislative power that Congress alone must exercise under the Vesting Clause of Article I of the Constitution. Many scholars have debated the extent of the historical or textual basis for the doctrine. Instead, this Article examines interactions between executive and legislative actors during the first congressional debates on the Impost, Tonnage, Registration, and Collection of Duties Acts. In addition to revealing Congress’s central role early on, this story shows the relevance of state and congressional district interests to the legislative agreements concerning customs laws. The rich depth of these varied interests suggests that nondelegation limitations might not be inherent in the Vesting Clause alone, but may be innate to the federal government’s tripartite and federalist structural design itself. The Constitution carefully provided significant protection for state interests through diverse representation schemes in the House and the Senate. Beyond the textual limitation of exclusive vesting of the legislative power in Congress, separation of powers principles help ensure all people’s interests are represented in a way that would not be possible via a singular, centralized administrative entity. The acts of such administrative entities are accountable, if at all, to just one centralized elected official, not to multiple elected decisionmakers representing states and regional interests. Consequently, enforcement of relatively strict nondelegation principles may be critical to preserving the structural constitutional principle that the federal government must reflect the interests of both individual members of the electorate as well as the states and regional electoral districts.

Freud, sex, and the soul: does Freud’s focus on sex obscure his relevance to the twenty-first century soul-searcher?

This article explores what the work of Sigmund Freud has to offer those searching for a more spiritual and philosophical exploration of the human experience. At the early stages of my psychotherapy training, I shared with many peers an aversion to Freud’s work, driven by a perception of a mechanistic, clinical approach to the human psyche and of a persistent psychosexual focus. This article traces my own attempt to grapple with his work and to push through this resistance. Bettelheim’s (1991) treatise that Freud was searching for man’s soul provides a more sympathetic lens through which to explore Freud’s writing, one which enabled me to discover a rich depth which had not previously been obscured. This article is an account of my journey to a new appreciation of Freud’s work. It identifies a number of challenges to Bettelheim’s argument, whilst also indicating how his revised translation allowed a new understanding of the relevance of Freud’s work to the modern reader. This account may be of interest to those exploring classical psychotherapeutic literature as well as those guiding them through that process.

Depth perception and induced accommodation responses while watching high spatial resolution two-dimensional TV images

Recently, TVs with a wide field of view, high spatial resolution, and 8k ultra high-definition have started test broadcasting in Japan. People who viewed the test broadcasting programs often commented that they felt rich depth perception from 8k scenes. Rich depth perceptions from two-dimensional 8k broadcasting have not been confirmed experimentally. Here, we identified 8k UHDTV scenes in which viewers perceive rich depth perception by conducting an experiment with continuous subjective evaluation of depth perception. Then we measured viewers' accommodation with wavefront sensors and demonstrated that accommodation responses were induced by some 8k UHDTV scenes providing objective evidence for viewers feeling rich depth perception from two-dimensional 8k UHDTV images. We successfully confirmed experimentally that rich depth perception can exist while viewing two-dimensional 8k UHDTV scenes and demonstrated that high quality motion parallax relies on monocular depth cues for perceiving rich depth sensations.

Scaling of Three-Dimensional Computer-Generated Holograms with Layer-Based Shifted Fresnel Diffraction

Holographic three-dimensional (3D) displays can reconstruct a whole wavefront of a 3D scene and provide rich depth information for the human eyes. Computer-generated holographic techniques offer an efficient way for reconstructing holograms without complicated interference recording systems. In this work, we present a technique for generating 3D computer-generated holograms (CGHs) with scalable samplings, by using layer-based diffraction calculations. The 3D scene is partitioned into multiple layers according to its depth image. Shifted Fresnel diffraction is used for calculating the wave diffractions from the partitioned layers to the CGH plane with adjustable sampling rates, while maintaining the depth information. The algorithm provides an effective method for scaling 3D CGHs without an optical zoom module in the holographic display system. Experiments have been performed, demonstrating that the proposed method can reconstruct quality 3D images at different scale factors.

Aggregation of Rich Depth-Aware Features in a Modified Stacked Generalization Model for Single Image Depth Estimation

Estimating scene depth from a single monocular image is a crucial component in computer vision tasks, enabling many further applications such as robot vision, 3-D modeling, and above all, 2-D to 3-D image/video conversion. Since there are an infinite number of possible world scenes, that can produce a unique image, single image depth estimation is a highly challenging task. This paper tackles such an ambiguous problem by using the merits of both global and local information (structures) of a scene. To this end, we formulate single image depth estimation as a regression problem via (on) rich depth related features which describe effective monocular cues. Exploiting the relationship between these image features and depth values is adopted via a learning model which is inspired by modified stacked generalization scheme. The experiments demonstrate competitive results compared with existing data-driven approaches in both quantitative and qualitative analysis with a remarkably simpler approach than previous works.

Association of Polygenic Risk Scores for Multiple Cancers in a Phenome-wide Study: Results from The Michigan Genomics Initiative

Health systems are stewards of patient electronic health record (EHR) data with extraordinarily rich depth and breadth, reflecting thousands of diagnoses and exposures. Measures of genomic variation integrated with EHRs offer a potential strategy to accurately stratify patients for risk profiling and discover new relationships between diagnoses and genomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for common cancers are associated with multiple phenotypes in a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) conducted in 28,260 unrelated, genotyped patients of recent European ancestry who consented to participate in the Michigan Genomics Initiative, a longitudinal biorepository effort within Michigan Medicine. PRS for 12 cancer traits were calculated using summary statistics from the NHGRI-EBI catalog. A total of 1,711 synthetic case-control studies was used for PheWAS analyses. There were 13,490 (47.7%) patients with at least one cancer diagnosis in this study sample. PRS exhibited strong association for several cancer traits they were designed for, including female breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and thyroid cancer. Phenome-wide significant associations were observed between PRS and many non-cancer diagnoses. To differentiate PRS associations driven by the primary trait from associations arising through shared genetic risk profiles, the idea of "exclusion PRS PheWAS" was introduced. Further analysis of temporal order of the diagnoses improved our understanding of these secondary associations. This comprehensive PheWAS used PRS instead of a single variant.