Rice Production In Taiwan Research Articles

Application-oriented deep learning model for early warning of rice blast in Taiwan

Rice blast is one of the most devastating diseases that threatens rice production in Taiwan. A rice blast forecasting model is required to guide the precise application of fungicide. Therefore, BlastGRU-TW model based on deep learning algorithms was developed in this study. The input data comprised approximately 1000 rice blast surveys, collected from 50 fields throughout Taiwan between 2014 and 2021, and the corresponding weather data retrieved from weather observation network in Taiwan. Common and easily accessible meteorological factors, i.e. temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind, were converted into 20 daily meteorological features which were coupled with different time intervals between 1 and 30 days before survey (DBS) to train the model. The results showed that seven meteorological features (daily maximum temperature, daily mean temperature, daily minimum temperature, daily mean humidity, daily mean WV and daily mean Wu) and the interval from −4 to −24 DBS were informative in disease prediction, thereby indicating that the proposed model could predict the risk of rice blast by using meteorological data 4–24 days before new disease symptoms appeared. The proposed BlastGRU-TW model achieved an accuracy of 87.3%. Furthermore, on adding the 3 day forecast weather data from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in the proposed model, the forecast extended to 7 days ahead of the appearance of new symptoms. Moreover, the BLASTAM model developed in Japan was implemented and validated in Taiwan to evaluate its applicability in different geographical areas. Finally, a rice blast early warning system (https://mycolab.pp.nchu.edu.tw/blast_forecast/index_en.php) equipped with an interactive web-based map is now available for real-time forecasting of the risk of rice blast in paddy field across Taiwan.

Water Footprint Analysis of Paddy Rice and the Nexus of Water-Land-Rice in Taiwan: 2005-2014

This paper explores the water footprint (WF) of paddy rice and the nexus of water-land-food (rice) in Taiwan. The research results indicate that the average annual rice WF for the years 2005-2014 was about 7,580 m3/ton, of which 80% was blue, 17% was green, and 3% was grey. This average annual footprint was about 5.7 times larger than the 2000-2004 average annual WF of rice for countries around the globe of 1325 m3/ton, of which 48% was green, 44% was blue, and 8% was grey. The blue WF is the most important source of water for rice production in Taiwan. The water consumption of the second crop is higher than that of the first crop. The water use efficiency in the southern region of Taiwan is the best, while the northern part of Taiwan exhibits relatively high inefficiency. The rates of change in cultivated land and rice production in Taiwan are decreasing in a stable manner. However, the annual rate of change in the rice WF is unstable. The nexus of land, water, and food should be taken into consideration to protect water availability, maintain agricultural production, and avoid land degradation. The results could offer useful information for agriculture policy and water resource management.

Profit efficiency analysis of rice production in Taiwan

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the profit efficiency of custom and self-farming methods of rice production in Taiwan.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines the nature and extent of the profitability and profit efficiency of custom and self-farming based on a farm survey in Taiwan. Furthermore, it estimates the stochastic profit frontier to measure the degree of inefficiency and analyze the determinants of these inefficiencies.FindingsThe profitability and profit efficiency of custom farming are lower than for self-farming, and the differences in profitability are more significant for large rice farmers. The estimation results show that the custom farming area and the farmer’s age decrease efficiency and, regardless of the farming style used, larger farms have higher profit efficiency.Research limitations/implicationsThis study’s findings show that self-farming is more favorable than custom farming for profit efficiency. This study examined this problem by conducting a regression adjustment for explanatory variables, but did not remove all self-selection bias, which may occur between profit efficiency and the choice of farming system.Originality/valuePrevious studies that measured the efficiency of rice farming often considered cost efficiency by the cost function, and ignored the increased profit from producing high-quality rice. This study used a one-step estimation of the profit frontier function to measure the degree of inefficiency and analyze the determinants of this inefficiency.

Modeling risk analysis for rice production due to agro-climate change in Taiwan

This study proposes a risk analysis model for the rice production due to climate change in terms of agro-climate indices (i.e., cumulative temperature anomaly, cumulative precipitation anomaly, cumulative sunlight anomaly, cumulative radiation anomaly, and E1 Nino). This risk analysis model is developed by incorporating the multivariate Monte Carlo simulation method, multivariate regression equation, and uncertainty analysis method (advanced first-order second-moment, AFOSM). The study area is composed of 15 counties/cities in Taiwan, East Asia. The data set for the model development and applicability contains 27 years of annual rice productions and agro-climate indices in addition to cultivation areas. Through the proposed risk analysis model, it can be seen that the rice production in Taiwan is especially sensitive to temperature, precipitation, and sunlight. Also, on average, improving performance by reducing insufficient rice risk can rise by 80 % when the rice production increases from 3 × 104 to 3 × 105 tons.

MODELING THE RICE-CLIMATE INDICES IN TAIWAN

The study compared the climate indices and considered the major agricultural climate features, including precipitation, temperature, solar duration, radiation, and uncertainty features such as the ENSO and rainfall extremes, to compose the climate indices for rice production in Taiwan. The study used the regression model for panel data random effects, estimated rice-climatic indices for the first and second rice crop yields, and based on the results to provide specific policy recommendations.

Mapping double-cropped irrigated rice fields in Taiwan using time-series Satellite Pour I'Observation de la Terre data

Rice is the most important food crop in Taiwan. During recent decades, rice production in Taiwan has sharply declined because of industrialization and urbanization. Monitoring the areas of rice cultivation thus becomes important due to the official initiatives to ensure food supply. This study aims to develop a remote sensing classification approach for mapping double-cropped irrigated rice fields in Taiwan using time-series SPOT (Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre) data. Three study sites with different farming conditions in Taitung, Chiayi, and Taoyuan counties were chosen to test the new classification method. Data processing steps include: 1. filtering time-series SPOT-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and wavelet transform, 2. classifying double-cropped irrigated rice fields using statistical methods (i.e., correlation analysis and sign-test statistics), and 3. assessing classification accuracy. The comparisons between the classification maps and ground-truth maps in 2005 indicated that classification using the EMD-based filtered NDVI time-series data yielded more accurate results than did the wavelet transform-based filtered data.

Special Issue on Trade and the Environment

The impact of international trade on the environment has been a contentious issue since the early 1990s. The debates over the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Uruguay Round of trade negotiations, which led to the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO), stimulated a great deal of economic research on the ways in which international trade might be environmentally harmful or environmentally beneficial, along with case studies of many industries and sectors. The last fifteen years have seen major developments in both the theoretical and applied economic literature on trade and the environment. Such issues are also of increasing policy relevance. U.S. Executive Order 13141 and the U.S. Trade Act of 2002 require environmental assessments of trade agreements during the negotiation process. In the European Union, sustainability impact assessments of trade agreements are required as part of trade negotiations. This special issue of the Agricultural and Resource Economics Review contains papers from a workshop on international trade and the environment that was held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in June 2004, following the joint annual meetings of the Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association and the Canadian Agricultural Economics Society. The objective of the workshop was to stimulate research and discussion to improve our understanding of the complex interrelationships between international trade, natural resource use, and the environment, particularly as they relate to agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. The paper by Brian Copeland in this issue reviews recent work on the implications of endogenous policy responses for the impacts of trade on the environment. As Copeland demonstrates, the effects of trade on the environment can be quite different in the case where the environmental policy regime is assumed fixed and in the case where it adjusts in response to changing economic and environmental conditions. Four papers in this issue explore interrelationships between agricultural trade and the environment. The paper by Hung-Hao Chang, Richard Boisvert, and David Blandford identifies environmental policies that can lead to socially optimal levels of both groundwater recharge (a positive externality) and methane gas (a negative externality) generated from paddy rice production in Taiwan, and examines how optimal policies were affected by rice policy changes required as part of Taiwan's entry into the WTO in 2003. …

A simulation model for investigating the effects of rice paddy fields on the runoff system

Rice production in Taiwan is likely to decrease because of two major threats: an increase in the industrial demand on water resources and cheaper imported rice resulting from the free trade policy which will be enforced when Taiwan joins the World Trade Organization. A shrinkage in rice paddy acreage raises environmental concerns, especially in relation to water conservation. Besides rice production, the existence of paddy fields promotes groundwater recharge and remediates floods. Unlike rice production, the value of the environmental conservation is difficult to quantify. In this study, the effects of paddy fields on groundwater recharge and flood remediation have been investigated. To assess the long-term significance of these effects, the study team developed a model based on hydrologic equilibrium. This model describes the performance of water recharge and detention. According to a case study, the amount of runoff from a rice paddy field is about 27% of the amount of the precipitation. This percentage is significantly lower than that of the runoff from a dry farming field, which is normally as high as 55% of the precipitation. In this case, the amount of evapotranspiration from a rice paddy field and that from a dry farming field are 56% and 31%, respectively. In this case, the amount of recharge from a rice paddy field, 17%, is higher than that from a dry farming field, which is 14%. Clearly, a significant increase in runoff and a decrease in groundwater recharge can be expected when a rice paddy field is converted to other uses. The second analysis includes an event-based simulation study regarding the effects of rice paddy fields on the flood peak. Attributed to its superior detention capacity, a paddy field typically has a much lower flood peak, about one third of a dry farm field. These positive effects of rice paddy fields on runoff should be considered in making decisions about the reduction of rice cultivation.

Structural Adjustment and Economic Efficiency of Rice Farmers in Northern Ghana

Structural Adjustment and Economic Efficiency of Rice Farmers in Northern Ghana

The Structure of Rice Production in Japan and Taiwan

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Structure of Rice Production in Japan and TaiwanHiroshi FujikiHiroshi FujikiBank of Japan Search for more articles by this author Bank of JapanPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 47, Number 2January 1999 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/452406 Views: 42Total views on this site Citations: 2Citations are reported from Crossref © 1999 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Naoki Moritsuka, Kaori Matsuoka, Keisuke Katsura, Junta Yanai Farm-scale variations in soil color as influenced by organic matter and iron oxides in Japanese paddy fields, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 65, no.22 (Mar 2019): 166–175.https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2019.1583542Tsaiyu Chang, Daisuke Takahashi, Chih-Kuan Yang Profit efficiency analysis of rice production in Taiwan, China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no.11 (Feb 2017): 32–47.https://doi.org/10.1108/CAER-04-2016-0059

EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE RICE PRODUCTION STRUCTURE IN TAIWAN, 1976‐93

N the early period of Taiwan’s economic development, in particular during the 1950s and 1960s, rice production increased rapidly, not only meeting the needs of domestic food consumption but also providing a surplus for export. However, since around the mid-1970s, Taiwan’s agriculture has witnessed a general decrease in the production of rice which fell from a peak of 2.71 million metric tons (in terms of brown rice) in 1976 to 1.82 million metric tons in 1993, corresponding to a 33 per cent reduction during the seventeen-year period. Needless to say, the total production is a product of the total planted area and the yield per unit of land. How did these two factors change in the course of rice production in Taiwan? To begin with, the total planted area for rice production has shown a strong downward trend. It decreased drastically from 790,248 hectares in 1975 to 391,457 hectares in 1993, corresponding to a 50 per cent reduction during the eighteen-year period. There are two main reasons for such a decrease in the rice production: (1) a switch in 1977 from a policy of unlimited purchases to one that limited purchases by the government; and (2) the paddy field diversion program launched in 1984. On the other hand, however, there has been a significant increase in the yield per hectare from 3,450 kilograms in 1976 to 4,655 kilograms in 1993 (in terms of brown rice), corresponding to almost a 35 per cent increase during the seventeenyear period, and implying a compound annual growth rate of 1.8 per cent which is fairly high on an international standard (see Hayami 1995, p. 101). The higher

Water Deficiency and Rice Production in Taiwan

Water deficiency (or drought) is considered one of major climatic restraints on rice production in Taiwan. The estimated economic loss in agriculture by water deficiency reached 169 millions in U. S. dollars during the period from 1945-1994. The all-time occurrence frequency was 64%. In 1990, an island-wide lack of precipitation caused a record-high agricultural loss of 66 millions, nearly 20 times the average. The shortage of water resource encourages research effort on water deficit and water utilization studies. As rice is the primary food crop in this country, numerous reports can be found in the literature dealing with its relations with environmental variables. In this paper the response of rice yield to soil water deficits imposed at different growth phases under the current two crop systems will be summarized. The influence of climatic factors in conjunction with water deficits on rice yield is also investigated.

Climatic Constraints on Rice Production in Taiwan

Two crops of rice can be cultured each year in Taiwan. The yield of the second rice crop is, on average, 25% lower than that of the first crop. Climatic constraints such as extreme temperatures, lower solar radiation, monsoons, and heavy rainfall, are the main factors causing the yield loss. Chilling injury at the seedling nursery stage and prolonged mei-yu at the reproductive stage frequently impair the growth and development of the first rice crop and hence influence yield performance. For the second rice crop, high temperatures during the early growth phase of the rice plants shortens the vegetative growth duration and consequently results in lower tiller numbers and biomass production. The occurrence of typhoons and the associated heavy rainfall can also cause significant damage to the crop. In addition, low temperature and low solar radiation after heading adversely affect the performance of seed-settling and 1, 000-grain weight, especially in the central and northern parts of Taiwan. For improvement, it is suggested new cultivars suitable for growth under the stress conditions be developed, and the cultural practices be improved to overcome the impacts caused by unfavorable climatic constraints.

Effects of Government Programs on Rice Acreage Decisions under Rational Expectations: The Case of Taiwan

AbstractThe effects of government programs on rice production in Taiwan are examined under the rational expectations hypothesis. Results suggest that a crop‐shifting program designed to divert rice production to other targeted crops was unsuccessful because of contradictory government programs. Under rational expectations, the marginal effects of a price‐support program on acreage decline as soon as targeted price is no longer increasing.

Rice Production in Taiwan

Rice Production in Taiwan