Rice Gluten Meal Research Articles

Rice gluten meal as a substitute for soybean meal in the diets for growing rabbits

ABSTRACT The impacts of different dietary levels of rice gluten meal (RGM) on growth performance, digestibility, carcass characteristics, and blood traits of growing New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were studied. One hundred and twenty, 6 weeks old weaned male rabbits (body weight; 682 [g] ± 23) were randomly allotted into four groups. The control diet contained 160 [g/kg] soybean meal (SBM), while the other three diets were obtained by replacing 40, 80, and 120 [g/kg] SBM with RGM (RGM40, RGM80, and RGM120, respectively). The results showed that RGM contained higher levels of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, and gross energy than SBM. RGM contained a high level of arginine followed by leucine and valine as essential amino acids and high levels of glutamic, aspartic acid, and alanine as non-essential amino acids. The obtained results showed that the final body weight of rabbits fed diets containing 40, 80, and 120 [g/kg] RGM was higher than those fed the control diet. The daily weight gain of rabbits fed RGM diets increased (p < 0.05) by 10.50%, 6.50%, and 10.00%, respectively, compared to the control group. Rabbits fed RGM80 showed the highest (p < 0.05) digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), EE, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and acid detergent fibre (ADF) compared to the other tested levels. Rabbits fed RGM120 had the highest (p < 0.05) digestible energy (DE) and digestible crude protein (DCP) values. RGM inclusion levels of 40 and 80 [g/kg] increased (p < 0.05) plasma total protein and albumin compared to the control group. Rabbits fed a diet containing RGM40 had the highest (p < 0.05) globulin level. The highest (p < 0.05) plasma urea concentration level was measured in the rabbit group fed the RGM120 diet. Conclusively, RGM could be a valuable ingredient for growing rabbits, as at all the tested levels improved growth performance, digestibility, and nutritional values.

Nutritional elucidation of rice- and maize gluten meal-based diets: in vitro gas production, digestibility, methane and rumen fermentation

This experiment intends to elucidate the nutritional potential of alternative ingredient – rice gluten meal (RGM) with groundnut cake (GNC) and maize gluten meal (MGM) at incremental levels in the complete diets under in vitro system. Nine complete diets were formulated using concentrate mixture, green maize and wheat straw in the ratio of 40:40:20 on a dry basis. The dietary treatments differed in the source of major protein sources used in three concentrate mixtures, i.e., GNC in control, while incremental levels of RGM and MGM – both at 25,50, 75 and 100% substituted GNC on an isonitrogenous basis. These diets were characterised for chemical composition, protein fractions, in vitro gas production profile as well as rumen fermentation attributes. The chemical composition of diets showed a mean crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrient values of 12.9 and 63.6%, respectively. The range of values obtained for various CNCPS protein fractions (% CP) was 11.3-12.4, 9.42-14.0, 40.9-44.4, 19.1-20.1 and 13.6-15.9 for PA, PB1, PB2,PB3 and PC, respectively across the diets. Furthermore, rumen undegradable protein was maximum at 100% MGM inclusion and least for the control. However, intestinal protein digestibility did not differ due to treatments. While the GV24 was maximum (P&lt;0.01)in the control, it was lowest at 100% MGM. Additionally, in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were higher (P&lt;0.01)for 100% MGM diet and lowest (P&lt;0.01) at 100% RGM level. Moreover, the control diet generated maximum (P&lt;0.01) CH4 but was minimum (P&lt;0.01) for 100% MGM diet. The values of PF,MBP and MBP:GV24 were highest(P&lt;0.01) for 100% MGM and lowest (P&lt;0.01) for control diet. The pH of rumen fluid did not differ; however, concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total volatile fatty acids were recorded to be maximum (P&lt;0.01) in controland minimum (P&lt;0.01) at 100% MGM. Further, the molar concentration of acetic acid was higher (P&lt;0.01) with MGM-based diets than that of control and RGM diets. Lastly, the proportions of both propionic and butyric acids were minimumwith MGM-based diets than with either control or RGM-baseddiets. Therefore, it could be recommended that RGM could substitute 50-75% of GNC, corresponding to 5-8% inclusion in the complete diet of ruminants. In addition, MGM-based diets excelled in terms of greater digestibility, reduced CH4 emission as well as beneficially influenced rumen fermentation

Evaluation of rice gluten meal as a potential alternate feed source for poultry

A biological experiment was conducted in a factorial design (3×2×2) involving two substitution levels (20 and40%) of basal diet with rice gluten meal (RGM) with and without enzymes (protease and multi-enzyme) in cockerelsfollowing practical diet replacement method. Birds (72) were divided into nine groups containing eight cockerelbirds each. The conventional grower ration was provided to the birds for an adaptation period of 10 days followed by feeding of experimental diets for 14 days with final four days as collection period. A metabolic trial lasting for four days was done in which weighed quantity of feed was offered to birds and faeces voided were collected, weighed and dried. Both feed and faeces were analysed for gross energy value to calculate the apparent metabolizable energy for all diets and then apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of test ingredient, i.e. rice gluten meal. The AME value of RGM was 3035 and 3028 kcal/kg at 20 and 40% replacement levels of basal diet with a mean value of 3031 kcal/kg. However, with protease and multi-enzyme supplementation, a numerical increase of 37 and 35 kcal/kg of AME was observed, which was 1.22 and 1.15% more upon supplementation of protease and multi-enzyme, respectively. The proximate analysis revealed that rice gluten meal contains 92.30% dry matter which consists of 50% crude protein, 6.92% ether extract, 9.47% crude fibre, 21.54% nitrogen free extract and 4.37% ash. In vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestibility (IVPPD) of RGM was 81.50%. The total phosphorus content in the RGM was 0.78%, in which phytate content was 0.43% and non-phytate phosphorous was 0.35%, which is 44.87% of total phosphorous content. Hence, it can be concluded that RGM containing AME of 3031 kcal/kg, 50% crude protein with IVPP of 81.50% can prove to be a possible alternate feed source in the diet of poultry.

Effect of feeding rice gluten meal as alternate protein source on carcass traits, haematology, serum biochemical parameters and economics in broiler chicken

The rise in the cost of conventional (maize and soybean) feed sources due to less production and competition for humans has become a constraint in economical poultry production. There is a need to explore alternative feed sources to reduce the cost and make poultry a profitable enterprise. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding rice gluten meal on carcass traits, serum biochemical parameters, gut health and cost economics in broiler chicken. Three hundred twenty day-old CARIBRO Vishal variety of broiler chicks were randomly divided into eight treatment groups with five replicates of eight birds in each, to evaluate four dietary levels (0, 150, 175, and 200g/kg diet) of rice gluten meal (RGM) with and without protease enzyme in a 42-day feeding trial. The results revealed no significant difference in carcass traits and small intestine measurements on feeding RGM either alone or with protease enzyme supplementation. No significant difference was found in haematology and gut heath microbiology. Among the serum biochemical parameters, albumin and AST were significantly (P<0.01) decreased as the level of rice gluten meal was increased in the diet. Moreover, the cost of meat production was found significantly lower in treatment groups as compared to control with no significant effect of protease enzyme supplementation. Hence, it can be concluded that incorporation of RGM up to 20% level was found economical without affecting the carcass traits, haematology, gut health and most of the serum biochemical parameters in broiler chicken.

​​In vitro Evaluation and Methane Production Potential of Rice Gluten Meal based Concentrate Feeds in Buffalo Inoculum

Background: There is shortage of conventional feedstuffs to feed livestock in the country. Thus, this study was intended to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro nutrient utilization of concentrate feeds containing graded levels of rice gluten meal (RGM). Methods: Five concentrate feeds containing graded levels of RGM at 0, 6.25, 12.50, 18.75 and 25% replacing soybean meal @ 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% on w/w basis were prepared and designated as conc-1, conc-2, conc-3,conc-4 and conc-5. In vitro evaluation of feeds was carried out by in vitro gas production technique. Data were analysed by one way ANOVA using SPSS (2012) version 21. Result: The total ash, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) content decreased while organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose, acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP), neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP) and total carbohydrate (TCHO) content increased with increase in the inclusion of RGM in the concentrate feeds. The OM digestibility was lower (P less than 0.05) in concentrate feeds 3, 4 and 5 than concentrate feed 1 and 2. Microbial mass production (MMP), efficiency of MMP and ME availability were not affected by including RGM in feeds. NH3-N showed a declining trend with increasing level of RGM in concentrate feeds. The relative proportion of acetate decreased (P less than 0.05) while that of propionate increased (P less than 0.05) with increasing level of RGM in the concentrate feeds. Methane production varied non-significantly among the concentrate feeds. The fermentation efficiency was higher (P less than 0.05) in concentrate 4 and 5 than other concentrates.

Cost Economics of Feeding Rice Gluten Meal and Soybean Meal through Dietary Addition of Enzymes in Broilers

Background: The rice gluten meal a relatively newer feedstuff is by-product of wet-milling of rice obtained after starch extraction and syrup preparation. The rice gluten meal is high crude protein and energy ingredient which is priced lower than soybean meal. Substitution of expensive protein sources with lower cost ingredients would potentially reduce the cost of the feed.Methods: A biological experiment of 42 days duration was undertaken in day old chicks (n= 384) divided into 12 dietary treatments as per 3x4 factorial design having 4 replicates per treatment with 8 birds in each. Twelve experimental diets were prepared by incorporating control, two different levels of rice gluten meal RGM consisted of (15 and 17.5%), without and with three different types of enzymes xylanase (X), protease (P) and multienzymes (M).Result: The rice gluten meal at the inclusion level of 15% reduced feed cost per kg live weight, meat yield and eviscerated yield by 5.44, 5.13 and 4.69%, respectively. Protease enzyme supplementation in 15% rice gluten meal further reduced feed cost per kg live weight by 2.60%. Thus, it may be concluded protease enzyme is most cost effective in rice gluten meal diet.

Expression of nutrient transporter genes in response to dietary rice gluten meal and protease enzyme supplementation and the consequent effects on growth, nutrient digestibility, immunity and jejunum histomorphometry in chicken

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding rice gluten meal (RGM) as an alternative protein source along with protease enzyme supplementation on growth performance, expression of nutrient transporter genes, nutrient digestibility, immune response and gut histomorphometry of broiler chicken. Proximate analysis of RGM revealed 923 g dry matter (DM), 500 g crude protein (CP), 69.2 g ether extract, 94.7 g crude fiber, 215.4 g nitrogen-free extract, 43.7 g ash, 6.20 g calcium, 7.80 g total phosphorus, 18.99 MJ gross energy and 12.68 MJ metabolizable energy per kg diet. Significant upregulation of nutrient transporter genes (PepT1, EAAT3 and mucin) and better growth performance was observed in the birds fed control diet which was statistically similar to the birds fed 150 g RGM compared to birds fed higher RGM levels. Histomorphometry of jejunum, nutrient digestibility, and immune response of birds did not reveal any significant effect of RGM or protease enzyme supplementation. However, the inclusion of RGM up to 150 g/kg diet resulted in significant decline of feed cost/kg live weight gain, dressed meat yield and eviscerated meat yield by 13.13%, 12.99% and 13.36%, respectively compared to control. Thus, it was concluded that the inclusion of 150 g RGM/kg diet in broiler chicken ration has no adverse effects on the growth pattern of birds and can be used for least-cost feed formulation for chicken.

Effect of rice distillers dried grains with solubles and rice gluten meal along with enzyme supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, production efficiency, and cost economics of broiler chicken production

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding rice distillers dried grains with solubles (rDDGS) and rice gluten meal (RGM) combination with enzyme supplementation on the production performance of broiler chickens. The experimental diets consisted of the following: T1 (no rDDGS/RGM/enzyme), T2 (no rDDGS/RGM, multienzyme), T3 (12.5% rDDGS, 15.0% RGM, no enzyme), T4 (12.5% rDDGS, 15.0% RGM, protease enzyme), T5 (10.0% rDDGS, 12.5% RGM, no enzyme), and T6 (10.0% rDDGS, 12.5% RGM, protease enzyme). Each treatment was assigned 6 replicate groups of birds randomly with 8 birds in each group (48 birds/ treatment). The results revealed the poor growth performance, nutrient utilization, and production efficiency of birds fed a combination of 12.5% rDDGS and 15.0% RGM, followed by the combination of 10.0% rDDGS and 12.5% RGM compared to birds fed no rDDGS and RGM. Enzyme supplementation resulted in significantly (P < 0.01) better growth performance, nutrient utilization, and production efficiency of the birds compared to unsupplemented birds. It was concluded that inclusion of a combination of 10.0% rDDGS and 12.5% RGM as a replacement for soybean, along with dietary enzyme supplementation, can be a potential nutritional strategy for economic broiler chicken production.

Effect of replacement of soybean meal with rice gluten meal on in vitro fermentation characteristics of total mixed ration

An in vitro study was conducted to assess the effect of using rice gluten meal as a substitute of soybean meal (SBM) in ruminant diet. The SBM comprising 12.5% whole diet [total mixed ration (TMR)] was substituted by rice gluten meal (RGM) on w/w basis at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% level. In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), organic matter disappearance (IVOMD), net gas production, methane production and fermentation efficiency of TMRs was assessed. The chemical composition of TMRs revealed decrease in total ash, acid detergent fiber and total carbohydrate contents and increase in organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, hemicellulose, neutral detergent insoluble crude protein and acid detergent insoluble crude protein contents with increase in RGM in TMRs. No significant difference in net gas production, IVDMD and IVOMD was observed between the TMR treatments having graded levels of RGM and control. The NH3-N in TMRs declined with increase in RGM and was highest (P<0.05) in control. The relative proportion of propionic acid and isovaleric acid was highest in TMR 3 (50% RGM replacing SBM); whereas relative proportion of butyric acid was lowest in TMR 3. CH4 production showed decline with increase in RGM in TMRs beyond 25% level replacing SBM. The H-recovery was lowest in control TMR. The hydrogen consumed via CH4 as compared to the hydrogen consumed via VFA was lowest in TMR 3. The fermentation efficiency was highest in TMR 3. Thus, RGM could replace up to 100% of soybean meal in TMR of ruminants without any adverse effect on nutrient digestibility which is equivalent to 12.5% of whole dietary dry matter.

Evaluation of Protein Quality of Rice Gluten Meal and Rice Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles in Terms of Net Protein Utilization and Gross Protein Value for Broilers (IBL-80)

Evaluation of Protein Quality of Rice Gluten Meal and Rice Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles in Terms of Net Protein Utilization and Gross Protein Value for Broilers (IBL-80)

Effect of Different Levels of Rice Gluten Meal with and without Enzyme Supplementation on Duodenal Morphology of Broilers

Effect of Different Levels of Rice Gluten Meal with and without Enzyme Supplementation on Duodenal Morphology of Broilers

Evaluation of Various Enzymes Supplementation on Nutrient Utilization and Efficiency Parameters on Rice Gluten Meal Based Diets in Broilers

Evaluation of Various Enzymes Supplementation on Nutrient Utilization and Efficiency Parameters on Rice Gluten Meal Based Diets in Broilers

Evaluation of the feeding value of rice gluten meal for broiler chickens

An experiment of six weeks duration was undertaken to investigate the effects of feeding rice gluten meal (RGM) on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass traits and cost economics in broiler production. A total of 192 one-d-old chicks were divided into six treatments in a completely randomized design, each consisting of 4 replicates and 8 chicks in per replicate. Six experimental diets were prepared by incorporating graded levels (0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 per cent) of RGM to the basal diet. The RGM contained 49.94% CP and had 4742 kcal/kg GE. Results showed that incorporation of RGM up to 15% showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance and nutrient utilization as compared to the control with no RGM. However, at 20% RGM level of inclusion, it led to a similar growth rate but with a significantly (P 0.05) on various carcass traits among the groups with the incorporation of various levels of RGM. The cost of production per kg LW and kg meat yield were significantly (P<0.01) lower in groups fed diets containing RGM at all levels as compared to the control. It is concluded that RGM can be safely incorporated in broiler chickens diets up to 15% for safe and economic broiler production.

Effect of feeding rice gluten meal with and without enzymes on hematobiochemical profile of broiler chickens.

Background and Aim:Blood and serological parameters are indicators of the health status of the birds and influenced by the type of feed and their nutrient composition. Scanty researches are available in rice gluten meal (RGM) regarding its effect of feeding with and without enzymes on hematology and serum biochemistry. This study was conducted for in vitro and in vivo investigation regarding feeding RGM without or with different enzymes on hematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens. The in vitro study was done to determine chemical composition of RGM used in the biological trial.Materials and Methods:A biological experiment with 384 broiler chicks was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding RGM as soybean replacement without or with different enzymes on carcass characteristics in broiler chicken for 42 days. Two levels of RGM were taken (15% and 17.5%). Protease, xylanase, and multienzymes supplementation under different treatments were done.Results:The RGM feeding and enzyme supplementation or their interaction revealed no significant (p>0.05) effects on the hematological parameters and serological parameters of broiler chickens except the significant (p<0.05) effect of enzyme supplementation on serum albumin and triglyceride values. The higher albumin values were observed in xylanase and protease supplemented birds and lower triglyceride values were observed in xylanase supplemented birds.Conclusion:Thus, it may be concluded that RGM feeding at 15% or 17.5% inclusion level with or without enzymes had no adverse effect on hematobiochemical profile of broiler chickens.

Effects of rice gluten meal inclusion on productive and economic performance in broilers

Effects of rice gluten meal inclusion on productive and economic performance in broilers

Effect of Feeding Rice Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles and Rice Gluten Meal with or without Enzyme Supplementation on the Haematology and Serum Biochemistry of Broiler Chickens

Effect of Feeding Rice Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles and Rice Gluten Meal with or without Enzyme Supplementation on the Haematology and Serum Biochemistry of Broiler Chickens

Effects of rice gluten meal inclusion on productive and economic performance in broilers

Effects of rice gluten meal inclusion on productive and economic performance in broilers

Carcass traits of broilers as affected by feeding rice gluten meal with or without enzymes supplementation

Carcass traits of broilers as affected by feeding rice gluten meal with or without enzymes supplementation

Effect of Feeding Rice Gluten Meal Without or With Different Enzymes on Gut Health of Broiler Chickens

Effect of Feeding Rice Gluten Meal Without or With Different Enzymes on Gut Health of Broiler Chickens

Effect of feeding rice based distillers dried grains with solubles and gluten meal on nutrient transporter genes and immunity in broiler chickens.

Aim:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding rice based distillers dried grains with solubles (rDDGS) and gluten meal on nutrient transporter genes and immunity in broiler chickens.Materials and Methods:A 2×3 factorial design resulted in six experimental diets, namely T1 (no rDDGS/rice gluten meal [RGM]/enzyme), T2 (no rDDGS/RGM, with multienzymes), T3 (12.5% rDDGS, 15% RGM, no enzyme), T4 (12.5% rDDGS, 15% RGM, with protease enzyme), T5 (10% rDDGS, 12.5% RGM, no enzyme), and T6 (10% rDDGS, 12.5% RGM, with protease enzyme). Each treatment was allocated five replicates of chicks, with eight birds in each. Nutrient transporter genes such as Mucin (MUC 2), excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), and peptide transporter (PepT1) and immunity were estimated using standard procedures.Results:Feeding rDDGS and RGM combination improved humoral immunity, while cell-mediated immunity did not show any significant (p>0.05) effect on broiler chickens. MUC and PepT1 genes showed significantly (p<0.01) decreased relative fold expression in 12.5% rDDGS +15% RGM combination, while EAAT3 gene showed significantly (p<0.01) decreased relative fold expression in both rDDGS and RGM combination levels.Conclusion:Thus, it may be concluded that feeding rDDGS and RGM combination improved humoral immunity but had an adverse effect on nutrient transporter gene in broiler chickens.