Rice Farming Households Research Articles

Does Adoption of Improved Variety Encourage Farmers to Invest in Modern Inputs and Use Good Practices? Evidence from Rice Farmers in Guinea

Abstract Iron toxicity is one of the constraints limiting rice production in Africa. This study used a randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of an iron toxicity-tolerant variety, named ARICA 6, on different outcomes and investment in modern inputs by smallholder farmers. Two rounds of data were collected from 520 rice-farming households in Guinea. Results showed that the use of ARICA 6 increased rice yield by 330 kg ha−1 and net income by US$ 120 ha−1. However, adoption of improved variety may not be enough to crowd in investment in modern inputs because farmers face other constraints.

Farm Mechanization Innovation Capacity and Rice Productivity: Evidence from Small Scale Rice Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria

Rice is a staple diet eaten by more than fifty percent of households in the whole world. There is a deficit currently in the demand- supply production of rice when carefully observed and this is traceable to the use of crude implements and traditional methods of farming. It is to this effect that this study addresses farm mechanization innovation and rice productivity using small scale rice farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 261 rice farmers were used for this study out of which only 78 rice farmers adopted the farm mechanization innovation while 183 rice farmers did not. The focus group discussion (FGD) employed revealed that majority of the rice farmers do not have capacity for farm mechanization, hence the low adoption of the innovation. The FGD revealed that 65.90percent of the rice farmers had medium innovation capacity, 28.74percent had low innovation capacity and 5.36percent had high innovation capacity. Employing the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method to evaluate the impact of farm mechanization on the productivity of rice farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria; the rice farmers that adopted the use of farm mechanization have a higher productivity of 12.68 kg/m2 as against the rice farmers who do not adopt the use of farm mechanization in their farming activities with their own productivity standing at 6.31kg/m2 . This outcome implies that farm mechanization has a positive impact on the productivity of the farmers. It is therefore recommended that quality extension services be put in place in the study area on the benefits of adopting farm mechanization. Also, the government should provide machineries for lease to the rice farmers so as to boost their productivity.

Factor Affecting of Food Security in Organic Rice Farming Households: A Finding in Sleman Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Factor Affecting of Food Security in Organic Rice Farming Households: A Finding in Sleman Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Transient and Persistent Technical Efficiencies in Rice Farming: A Generalized True Random-Effects Model Approach

This study estimates transient and persistent technical efficiencies (TEs) using a generalized true random-effects (GTRE) model. We estimate the GTRE model using maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation methods, then compare it to three simpler models nested within it to evaluate the robustness of our estimates. We use a panel data set of 945 observations collected from 344 rice farming households in Vietnam’s Mekong River Delta. The results indicate that the GTRE model is more appropriate than the restricted models for understanding heterogeneity and inefficiency in rice production. The mean estimate of overall technical efficiency is 0.71 on average, with transient rather than persistent inefficiency being the dominant component. This suggests that rice farmers could increase output substantially and would benefit from policies that pay more attention to addressing short-term inefficiency issues.

ANALISIS KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADI SAWAH DI DESA MONAPA KECAMATAN MOWILA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

This study aims to find out (1) How is the food security of paddy rice farming households in Monapa Village, Mowila District, South Konawe Regency; (2) Factors affecting the food security of rice farming households in Monapa Village, Mowila District, South Konawe Regency, with a total sample of 63 respondents using the slovin formula. To answer the first goal using the measurement of the share of food expenditure. For the second purpose using multiple linear analysis. Based on the results of research on the food security of lowland rice farmer households in Monapa Village, Mowila District, South Konawe Regency, the majority of 65.08% of households fall into the food insecure category (share of food expenditure ≥ 60%) and the remaining 34.92% of households included in the category of food security (share of food expenditure ≤ 60%). The factor that has a significant effect on the food security of paddy rice farming households in Monapa Village, Mowila District, South Konawe Regency is household income with a significant value of 0.032 which is less than the value of α (0.05). While the variables of the number of family members, the education of the housewife, the price of rice and eggs have no significant effect on the food security of rice farming households.

Weather-related shocks, livelihood assets and coping strategies of water-insecure smallholder rice farmers: A case study from Ogun State, Nigeria

Building resilience against shocks is crucial for enhancing the livelihoods of water-insecure smallholder farming households. This research investigates household coping strategies for mitigating weather-related shocks and explores differences in the livelihoods of water-insecure smallholder rice farming households in Ogun State, Nigeria. Field survey data was collected from 175 households, and a coping strategies index was formulated, taking into account the severity and the frequency of coping measures. Using the k-means cluster approach, households were categorized into four clusters based on the components of the sustainable livelihoods framework. The study reveals variability across the clusters in terms of vulnerability and the degree to which households are able to use adequate coping strategies. Two out of the four clusters (clusters 1 and 2) are identified as coping farming households with moderate to high vulnerability to drought and floods, while clusters 3 and 4 are limited coping farming households with moderate to low vulnerability to these weather-related shocks. Addressing households’ challenges to cope with extreme weather events is necessary to enhance the resilience and adaptability of water-insecure farming households, and will contribute to creating sustainable livelihoods of at-risk households facing climate emergencies.

MANAJEMEN STOK PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADI ANGGOTA LUMBUNG PANGAN DI KECAMATAN AMBARAWA KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU

This study aimed firstly to analyze the management of household food stocks and secondly to analyze the various factors affecting household food stocks for rice farmers. All rice farmers were members of the food barn in Ambarawa Sub-district, Pringsewu District. The samples were selected by simple random sampling consisting of 7 granaries with a total of 70 members. The data were collected from January to February 2023. To obtain the first objective, the data were analyzed by using the calculation of food stocks referring to the Chafid equation formula (2017), i.e. the amount of food inventory was subtracted by its sale quantity and its utilization. To obtain the second objective, the data were analyzed by using the multiple linear regression. The results showed that the food stocks of rice farmers who were members of the food barn were 573 kg of MDG in the first season and 450 kg of MDG in the second season, which were not an ideal amount for food stock. This was because the ideal amounts of needs were 586.93 kg of MDG for the first season and 591.51 kg of MDG for the second season. Some of the factors affecting the food stock of the rice farming households incorporated in food barns were land area and household income. Key words: regression analysis, sale delay analysis, stocks, storage.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADI DI KECAMATAN BATANGHARI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR

This research aims to analyze the income and welfare level of rice farming households. The purposive choice of Batanghari District in East Lampung Regency as the research's location. The survey approach was applied to this research, which was carried out between November 2022 and December 2022. The sample for this research consisted of 54 rice farmers taken using the simple random method. This research employed descriptive quantitative data analysis. The results show that rice farming conducted by rice farmers is financially successful because of the R/C value is 2.37 in the rainy season (MH) and 2.35 in the dry season (MK), indicating that the farm is financially successful and practicable with an R/C value of greater than one. Rice farmer household income consists of several sources of income, rice farm income, non rice income, off farm income, and non farm income with a total average income of IDR 30,813,218.52/year. Farmer household expenditure is for food expenditure of IDR 7,833,004.37/year, while non-food expenditure of IDR 21,314,555.56/year. The results are categorized as sufficient according towelfare level of rice farmer promoted by Sajogyo with a percentage of 70.37%, and included in more prosperous criteria based on Good Serivice Ratio’s welfare level with GSR <1 and the total percentage of 92.59%. Key words : Farm income, household expenditure, household income, rice, welfare

Impact of spouses' access to financial services on technological and managerial gaps in rice production

AbstractThe study investigates the effect of the spouse's access to financial services via self‐help groups (SHGs) on technical efficiency, technology and managerial gaps. We use farm‐level data from rice farming households in eastern India, propensity score matching method and selectivity‐corrected stochastic production frontier model. Results show that farms with access to financial services via a spouse's membership in SHGs have slightly higher technical efficiency than their counterparts. Technology and managerial gaps are higher for farms where spouses have access to financial services via SHGs than their counterparts. With access to financial services via spouses, rice farmers reallocated family labour and hired more labour for crop establishment. Thus, women joining SHGs can increase crop productivity, and extension agents should also focus on spouses and their role in farming decision‐making, not just financial management.

Diversification of Rice System: A Sustainable Livelihood for Rice Farming Households in Indramayu District, West Java, Indonesia

Agricultural development is a challenge and a way for sustainable livelihoods considering that increasingly narrow agricultural land causes agricultural productivity to decline. The rice diversification system is a solution to the potential byproducts of rice and cattle. The purpose of this research is to explain rice system diversification in increasing farming productivity as an alternative solution. There were two secondary dataused. Rice production and beef cattle production were from the Central Statistics Agency in West Java Province and Indramayu district (2013-2017). The development of beef cattle was supported by the Organic Fertilizer Processing Unit program (2013-2017). The secondary data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study were positive beef cattle population growth of 18.43 percent during the period 2013-2017, the average number of beef cattle per year as much as 11,012 tails, the average amount of beef cattle manure per year in solid form as much as 116,943,192 tons and liquid as much as 55,894,882 liters and the population of beef cattle still needs to be increased because the amount of solid manure of freshly available beef cattle could be absorbed as much as 3.35 percent for increased productivity of rice fields. Indonesian government assistance was very much needed by rice farmers groups in carrying out a rice diversification system through the Organic Fertilizer Processing Unit program. Furthermore, the potential for rice straw and cattle livestock to become additional income and new sustainable livelihoods for rural farming households.. KEYWORDS :Diversification, Farming productivity, Rice system, Livelihood sustainability, Farmer household.

T-test analysis for income comparison between members and non-members of livunzu cooperative in chikwawa district, Malawi.

Abstract This study examines the relationship between agricultural cooperatives and farmers’ income. Agricultural cooperatives have been a well-known avenue for improving small-scale farmers’ economic well-being by widening access to resources, markets and collective action. A simple random sample of 293 rice farming households was surveyed. The study employed the use of descriptive statistics to describe the characteristics of the respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data in a household survey targeting cooperative and non-cooperative members. The study employed the use of SPSS package version 28 in data analysis. T-test analysis was used to establish the statistical differences in means of the cooperative and non-cooperative member farmers. It was established that being in a cooperative improves income in rice farming. The results suggested that policies aimed at improving farmer’s access to market power, and production modalities are important intervention avenues that can affect the income of rice farming in the area. The understanding of the relationship between cooperatives and farmers’ income is important for policy makers, development workers and the farmers in their effort to enhance the economic well-being of the farmers.

The effect of total factor productivity on the food security and livelihood vulnerability of farm households in Bangladesh

Food security and livelihood vulnerability are important issues for the economic sustainability of developing countries like Bangladesh. This study examines the influence of total factor productivity (TFP) on the livelihood vulnerability and food security of rice farming households in Bangladesh. Data from 1,841 rice farming households were extracted from the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (2015 and 2018) conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute. Various statistical methods, such as the stochastic frontier model, principal component analysis, path analysis using structural equation modeling, and multivariate regression, were employed to analyze the data. The study utilizes a multivariate modeling approach that combines the stochastic frontier model to determine TFP and sophisticated methodologies to estimate the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) and women’s empowerment in agriculture index (WEAI). The LVI, household dietary diversity Score (HDDS), TFP, and WEAI scores were 0.454, 10.72, 0.703, and 0.717, respectively. The results indicate a significant relationship between TFP and both LVI and HDDS. Higher TFP is associated with lower LVI and higher HDDS among rice farming households, suggesting that improving TFP can enhance food security and reduce vulnerability. The multivariate regression analysis reveals that TFP, household wealth index, women’s empowerment in agriculture index, per capita food expenditure, household level welfare, and household size have a positive significant impact on HDDS, while TFP is negatively associated with LVI, per capita food expenditure and household size. The findings underscore the importance of increasing TFP to improve food security, reduce livelihood vulnerability, and achieve sustainable development goals in countries like Bangladesh. Higher TFP yields positive outcomes regarding household dietary diversity and livelihood vulnerability, highlighting the need for agricultural policies that prioritize TFP enhancement. Policymakers and professionals can use these findings as a roadmap to implement advanced agricultural policies to achieve food security and reduce livelihood vulnerability. Improving household dietary diversity and reducing livelihood vulnerability can be achieved by focusing on increasing TFP, enhancing household wealth, women’s empowerment, per capita food expenditure, household welfare, and household size. Therefore, increasing TFP should be considered in the design of policies aiming to achieve SDGs Goal 2.

Behavioural determinants of adaptation of farmers to climate change in rice cultivation in the mountainous area of Vietnam

Climate change adaptation is one of the essential solutions for sustainable agricultural development in the context of global change. Besides socio-economical drivers, a thorough understanding of the behavioural dimension of climate change adaptation will provide important information for policymakers in promoting adaptation activities and contributing to the improvement of people’s livelihoods. The purpose of this study is to explore the knowledge gaps in understanding behavioural factors that affect adaptive intention in rice cultivation in the mountainous area of Vietnam. This research was carried out through a sociological survey of 254 rice-farming households in Da Bac districts, Hoa Binh province. Based on applying the Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (E-TPB) and the data analysis using the PLS-SEM model, the research pointed out that the perceived impact of climate change and policy support are the most important determinants that affect the adaptation intention in rice cultivation. The research also discovered that the Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour explained 56.8% of the change in adaptive intention, much more than 11.9% in comparison with the basic TPB theory. The research emphasized the crucial role of policy support and raising awareness of climate change for farmers to promote the implementation of adaptive measures.

ANALISIS KEBERAGAMAN USAHA RUMAHTANGGA PETANI PADI SAWAH LEBAK DI PINGGIRAN KOTA PALEMBANG

Livelihood strategies are various alternative efforts carried out by households to fulfill living needs for sustainable livelihoods. Through the livelihoods approach, we can understand how people/communities create a livelihood, and how they try to survive. The lives of lowland rice farmers on the outskirts of Palembang City are inseparable from the problem of the water regime conditions of the lowlands with all the impacts it causes as well as social and economic aspects and resource aspects (land conversion) from agriculture to residential and housing land. This research aims to 1) analyze the level of business diversity of farmer households, 2) calculate the amount of income of lowland rice farmer households from the on farm, off farm and non farm sectors. 3) distribute the contribution of various incomes from the off-farm and non-farm sectors to the household income of lowland rice farmers on the outskirts of Palembang City. The data used and the analysis carried out used a combination of primary survey data and qualitative data from the results of in-depth interviews with a sample of 32 families. The results of the research show that the diversity of household businesses of lebak farmers on the outskirts of Palembang City, with the calculation of the entropy index, obtained a value of 0.73. This shows that the efforts made by household members are very good. diverse. The average income from rice farming is Rp. 16,168,113.32 /lg/yr and its contribution to the household is moderate (54.96%), the average non-rice farming income is Rp. 4,319,548.42/year with its contribution to households in the low criteria category (14.68%), and the average non-farming income is IDR. 8,928,750.00/year and its contribution to households in the medium criteria category (30.35%).

Strategi Nafkah Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Lahan Kering di Desa Kragan, Kecamatan Gondangrejo, Karanganyar

This research was conducted with the aim of uncovering daily life, the livelihood strategies implemented, and the sustainability of livelihood strategies for the lives of dry land rice farmer households in Kragan Village. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods with a case study approach. The research location was determined purposively in Kragan Village, Gondangrejo District, Karanganyar Regency. Determination of informants was carried out using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data validity uses triangulation of sources and techniques. The research results reveal that (1) On-farm households predominantly utilize financial capital in the form of personal capital. On-farm and non-farm households predominantly utilize human capital. On-farm, off-farm and non-farm households predominantly utilize financial capital in the form of loan capital. (2) Based on the livelihood strategy implemented, dry land rice farming households in Kragan Village are classified into 3, namely on-farm farming households, on-farm and non-farm farming households and on-farm, off-farm and non-farm farming households. (3) The livelihood strategies of on-farm farming households include consolidation, while the livelihood strategies of on-farm and non-farm farming households, and on-farm, off-farm and non-farm farming households include survival.

Food Calorie Consumption and Vulnerability Status of the Rice Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria: Perspective for Commercialized Farming

The research investigated the calorie consumption and vulnerability status among rice farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Employing a multi-stage sampling technique, 420 respondents were selected, and data were collected through a well designed questionnaire. Analysis involved descriptive statistics, a vulnerability index, and an ordinary least squares regression model. Findings indicated that vulnerable rice farming households typically exhibit larger sizes with fewer working members, often headed by unmarried females. Additionally, factors such as adult equivalence, the head of the household's years of formal education, land ownership, membership in agricultural production groups, engagement in agricultural commercialization, contact with extension agents, and encounters with Fulani herdsmen significantly influenced households' food calorie consumption. Furthermore, all variables considered in the ordinary least squares regression, regarding vulnerability to food insecurity, exhibited a significant relationship with households' vulnerability to food insecurity. In summary, the study provides valuable insights into the demographic and socio-economic factors affecting calorie consumption and vulnerability among rice farmers, offering a foundation for targeted interventions and policy considerations.

Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Petani Di Lahan Sawah Tadah Hujan (Studi Kasus Di Desa Sendangagung, Giriwoyo, Wonogiri)

<p><em>Various problems in the agricultural sector include land conversion, climate change, water shortages, high input prices, and declining agricultural land productivity. Reduced production will affect farmers' income, which will impact the food security of farming households. The research aims to determine the proportion of food expenditure to total expenditure and assess the food security of farming households. The research location was chosen purposively, namely in Giriwoyo District, where most of the agricultural land is rain-fed. The sampling method used simple random sampling with a total of 30 farming households as respondents. Analysis of farmer household food security using cross-classification of food expenditure shares and energy adequacy levels. Energy and protein consumption levels were calculated using the 24-hour recall method. The research results explain that the average proportion of food expenditure to the total expenditure of farmer households is 55.61%, which shows that the level of farmer welfare is quite high. The food security conditions of rice farming households are based on levels, namely food security at 80%, food insecurity at 16.67%, and 3.30% of farming households are declared food deficient. To maintain or increase the food security of farming households, local food diversification is needed so that farming households do not only depend on rice as a source of carbohydrates. Counseling needs to be carried out to increase knowledge regarding the consumption of nutritious, diverse, balanced, and safe food.</em></p>

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMBELIAN PUPUK BERSUBSIDI (STUDI KASUS PETANI PADI DI DESA O MANGUNHARJO)

The aim of this research is to analyze the factors that influence the purchase of subsidized fertilizer by rice farmers in Purwodadi District, Musi Rawas Regency. The types of data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data includes the characteristics of rice farmer households. Secondary data was obtained from various sources related to factors influencing the purchase of subsidized fertilizer. This research data collection technique uses observation techniques, interviews and library methods. The sample determination in this research was carried out using non-probability sampling techniques. Data analysis used in this research used quantitative descriptive analysis. Quantitative analysis uses multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that of the seven research variables, the information factor has a significant influence on the purchase of subsidized fertilizer with a significance value of 0.000 ≤ α = 0.05. Meanwhile, the six factors, namely age, education, experience, land area, income and price, do not have a significant effect on purchasing subsidized fertilizer. Key words: farmer; purchase; subsidized fertilizer

Unravelling the Proportion of Food Expenditure and Energy Consumption on Food Security: Evidence from Smallholders’ Clove Farmers in Indonesia

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the proportion of food consumption expenditure to clove farmer household expenditures, as well as the energy and protein consumption and food security conditions of clove farmer households in Indonesia. Theoretical Framework: Hunger eradication and food security remain critical development challenges, particularly in developing nations such as Indonesia. Poorer households spend a large proportion of their income on basic needs, including food. However, as their income increases, they divert more of their income towards buying higher quality goods and services, thereby reducing the proportion that goes into food. Method: This research was conducted on 30 clove farming communities using a purposive sampling technique. In in-depth interviews, all informants responded to the researcher's questions using precise, in-depth, and easy-to-understand phrases. Data analysis was carried out by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions and verification. Result and Conclusion: The results showed that the average proportion of non-food expenditure to total household expenditure of clove farmers in the study locations was 54.45%, while the proportion of food consumption expenditure to total expenditure was 45.55%. This suggests that non-food consumption spending accounts for a significant portion of farmer household expenditure. Meanwhile, the average energy and protein consumption of rice farming households was 1995.81 kcal/person/day and 88.65 grams/person/day, respectively. Implication Of Research: These findings imply that clove farmers have a sufficient amount of energy and protein. It may be stated that clove farmers in the research area have very excellent food security, with no food insecure households.

Factors Affecting the Livelihood Diversification of Rice Farming Households in Deli Serdang Regency

Deli Serdang Regency is the leading rice producer in North Sumatra Province. The fact is that productivity in Deli Serdang Regency has stagnated. The problems farmers face isclimate change, access to irrigation, and rising input prices. This study aimed to determine the income of rice farmers, the percentage level of farmers doing livelihood diversification, and the variables that influence livelihood diversification. Four hundred people (especially rice farmers) became the research sample. The data analysis method is Multinomial Logit Analysis. The results of this study indicate that the average income is 1,221,680.5/month. The income of these rice farmers is below the Deli Serdang UMK. Then, our study found that 67% of rice farmers diversified their livelihoods. Finally, the results of our study show that the variables that have an essential influence on livelihood diversification in Deli Serdang Regency are land area, dependency ratio, counseling, membership of farmer groups, distance to markets, and farming experience.