Rice Bran Oil Biodiesel Research Articles

Effect of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoadditives and rice bran oil biodiesel blend on performance and combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio diesel engine: an experimental study

AbstractThe aim of this research was to investigate experimentally the performance and combustion characteristics of a four‐stroke, single‐cylinder, water‐cooled variable compression ratio diesel engine using rice bran oil biodiesel blends with zinc oxide nanoparticles. Rice bran oil biodiesel was prepared using a transesterification reaction with a 6:1 methanol‐oil molar ratio and 1% w/w potassium hydroxide as catalyst. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a green method incorporating Psidium guajava leaf extract as a capping agent to reduce precursor use and to reduce the toxicity of the nanomaterial. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy to confirm the formation of highly crystalline pure zinc oxide nanoparticles with a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with an average diameter of 20.963 nm. Rice bran‐oil biodiesel‐diesel blend was prepared by volumetrically mixing 20% biodiesel and 80% mineral diesel and was considered as a base fuel for comparison. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were diffused in the base fuel at dosage levels of 25, 50, and 75 ppm, with the aid of ultrasonication. Measurement of the major physicochemical properties of test fuels showed an increase in the cetane number and calorific value and a reduction in viscosity with an increase in the zinc oxide concentration. The overall properties of all the test fuels were found to be similar in comparison with commercial diesel. An experimental engine test was carried out under different loading conditions with a constant speed of 1500 RPM and two different compression ratios – that is, 17.5:1 and 15:1. Among all the test fuels at both compression ratios, engine performance and combustion properties improved with an increase in the zinc oxide concentration. Test fuel with 75 ppm of zinc oxide additive at 17.5 compression ratio resulted in an overall improvement at full load: brake thermal efficiency increased by 2.45%, brake specific fuel consumption reduced by 5.45%, cylinder peak pressure increased by 3.27% and net heat release increased by 10.32% in comparison with base fuel.

Experimental investigations on the performance and emission characteristics of a biodiesel fuelled engine using nanoparticles

Experiment was conducted to identify the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel with Graphene Oxide (GO) nanoparticle as an additive. The performance and emission characteristics of Rice Bran oil biodiesel (B100) with addition of graphene nanoparticle was studied and compared with diesel values by using “Enginesoft” software. Experiment was conducted in four phases by using DI engine. The engine was tested with four types of fuels i.e., Diesel, Rice Bran Oil Biodiesel (B100), Rice Bran Oil with Graphene Nanoparticle 50ppm (B100G50), Rice Bran Oil with Graphene Nanoparticle 100ppm (B100G100). The emission characteristics of the experiment resulted in decrease in NOx emissions by 7.5 %, HC Hexane emission by around 15 % and increase of CO emissions by 2.3 %. After successful validation of numerical study of the emission characteristics of the experiment, the combustion characteristics using the same fuels were verified. In the numerical study of performance characteristics, it is found that, BSFC (Brake specific fuel combustion) increases by almost 56.32% and BTE (Brake thermal efficiency) decreased by 11.78 % when pure Biodiesel (B100) was used. The combustion characteristics showed an increase in increase in peak cylinder pressure with a decrease in ignition delay period when pure RBO biodiesel (B100) and its nanoparticle blends were used (B100G50 and B100G100).

Effect of nanoparticles on the droplet combustion of rice bran oil biodiesel

The present study is dealt with the phenomenon of combustion for rice bran oil (RBO) methyl ester blends with diesel along with nanoparticles of magnelium. Nanoparticles composition of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 75 ppm are added to blends of B20, B40, and B60 in the study. A conversion rate of 89.64 ± 2.8% is observed during the transesterification reaction performed at 5 wt% of potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalyst, 10:1 alcohol to oil ratio (methanol), 75 °C reaction temperature, and 60 min reaction time. During the combustion study, few samples displayed the puffing characteristics, which are caused by popping of bubbles at lower pressure. The summary of the present study suggested that blend B20 with 25 ppm nanoparticles has the potential to be used as fuel and further proposed that the fuel will be more economical if the injection droplet diameter is 0.77 mm. Other blends like B20 with 75 ppm are also likely to be used as fuel due to its exhibition of lesser threat towards combustion. Bubble formation followed by micro-explosion is observed in B60 with 25 ppm blend. The present study hoped to enrich future researchers working in similar area for signifying the importance of understanding droplet combustion of biofuels.

Performance, Emission Characteristics of Dual Fuel Engine Fuelled with Brown Briquette Biomass and Rice bran Oil Biodiesel

In this work agricultural waste-based coconut biomass and compressed agricultural waste derived from brown briquette were used for generation of gas in a downdraft gasifier. Its subsequent combustion takes place in a modified diesel engine using rice bran oil (RiOME) biodiesel injected in bi-fuel mode. For the injected pilot fuel, producer gas operation with coconut biomass derived fuel has improved liquid fuel saving. Downdraft gasifier was integrated with four stroke DI water cooled 5.2 kW CI engine at 1500 rpm speed. Experimentation results showed that for the gasifierengine system coconut biomass derived gas with diesel based dual fuel operation results in 9.05% higher BTE. RiOME producer gas (CNS) operation showed 16.1% decrease in EGT and 12.1% reduction in NOx emission compared to diesel based dual fuel operation. NOx emissions for the RiOME based engine operation were found to be lower than the diesel based operation. However, the smoke, HC and CO emissions were higher. Diesel fuel saving about 56% was achieved by diesel and producer gas (CNS) dual fuel operation and 100% biofuel utilization in RiOME -producer gas bi-fuel mode of operation was achieved. Further, heat release rates and cylinder pressure for RiOME producer gas (CNS) was marginally lesser than diesel operation.

A novel image processing technique to evaluate biodiesel wastewater for recovery, recycle and reuse towards zero liquid discharge approach

Abstract Water is an essential resource which requires to be preserved for the living beings. Wastewater generated from both domestic and industrial applications needs to be recycled in order to meet the increasing demand in everyday life. The present study focuses on the quality assessment of biodiesel wash water which evolved in biodiesel production that demands a technology to recover, recycle and reuse. The various parameters that evaluate the quality of wastewater before and after treatment are pH, turbidity, COD, BOD, DO etc., While several methods of detecting the water quality parameters are available a novel, reliable, quicker and dry laboratory technique for evaluating pH and turbidity using image processing is developed. Wet lab pH and turbidity data of wash water obtained by washing rice bran oil biodiesel, groundnut oil biodiesel and palm oil biodiesel has been used as a basis for developing the module. Images of the various wash water samples were also captured. Image processing classification is performed using convolution neural network. A Graphical User Interface is developed for pH and turbidity monitoring of the given biodiesel wash water image. The pH and Turbidity parameters were compared with conventional test results and the average deviation was estimated. Validation of the proposed module for its precision is done using chi-square test.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Rice Bran Oil in an Oil Burner

The fossil fuels have been the most practical way to produce energy for industries, vehicles and homes due to their lower prices, good combustion properties and their availability compared to other types of fuels. However, in this era of modernization, one of the biggest challenges of humanity is depletion of fossil fuels may result the increasing of the price. Studies have found out that it is possible to improve physical and chemical characteristics of alternative fuel based biodiesel by using the transesterification process and hence act as an alternative to mineral diesel. Therefore, the study about the potentiality of the rice bran oil as biodiesel feedstock is explained in this paper. The aim of this study is determining the performance and emission characteristics of the rice bran oil biodiesel (RBOBD). In addition, the comparison is made for its combustion and emission characteristics to those of conventional diesel fuel (CDF). Results show that RBOBD is very good at minimizing emissions, especially CO and SO2 with the value 60 ppm and 10 ppm, respectively. The establish information may help Malaysia to recognize the potentiality of the rice bran oil in order to replace the conventional fuel in the future.

Pursuance and influence assessment of nanoadditives blended biodiesel fuelled in a di diesel engine

The utilisation of fossil fuels is escalating very rapidly and parallel to that its effects towards the global economy of the country are also increasing which have forced the researchers to search for an alternative fuel which could play the same role as of the fossil fuels and decrease the emerging global warming threats for the world. The use of biodiesel is considered to be a better replacement for this problem. The study and the alternative fuel focus on the orange oil and rice-bran biodiesels and its blends with nanoadditives on diesel engine's performance. The experimental research here shows a detailed knowledge of production, estimation of biodiesel-fuel properties and its brunt on the engine and combusted products that are obtained. The fuel was tested in engine with varieties of blends and their corresponding properties of engine performance were measured and a brief Comparison was done. Nanoadditives that were used in those blends were Al2O3 (Aluminium Oxide) and CeO2 (Cerium Oxide) both in the fraction of 150 ppm. Based on this experimental examination of Rice bran and orange oil biodiesel blends, they are utilised as a fuel in a diesel engine without implementing any alteration in the engine.

Performance Assessment of DI-Diesel Engine using the Blend of Sunflower Oil and Rice Bran Oil

Biodiesel, a derivative of vegetable oils and animal fats, is used nowadays as an alternative renewable and sustainable fossil fuel. In this work, the investigation of manufacture, characterization, and results of biodiesel blends are carried out using two important feedstock’s, sunflower oil and ricebran oil on engines. For the collective advantageous of sunflower oil and ricebran oil, the two biodiesels are combined together and the mixture is analysed to assess the engine performance and emission characteristics. NaOH catalyzed transesterification process is used for producing the Biodiesels A 4.4 kW, four-stroke, single-cylinder and direct fuel injection diesel engine is used for measuring physic-chemical with full load and varying speed conditions and using the specifications of ASTM D6751 standard, the properties are compared. It is observed that the Biodiesel mixtures produce a low brake torque and high brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) in addition to the reduction of CO and HC emissions. NOx, however, is reduced considerably with the improvement of brake thermal efficiency. The Performance analysis indicates that the mixture of sunflower oil and ricebran oil improves performance and emission characterizes over sunflower oil and ricebran oil biodiesel when they are unmixed..

Evaluation of Distribution of Succinic Acid between Binary Phase System with Biodiesel + N,N-Dioctyloctan-1-amine

The present study is aimed at using one of the most promising methods called reactive extraction to extract succinic acid from aqueous solution by using N,N-dioctyloctan-1-amine in biodiesel as diluent made from sunflower oil, rice bran oil, sesame oil, and karanji oil. The results of extraction studies with the diluents (physical) showed their inability to recover any acid by themselves. In reactive extraction, the organic phase extracting power solely depends on tri-n-octylamine. The ranges of the distribution coefficient are found as 7.62–18.12 for sunflower oil biodiesel, 8.33–17.45 for rice bran oil biodiesel, 7.0–17.67 for sesame oil biodiesel, and 9.85–21.36 for karanji oil biodiesel. The ranges of the loading ratio are 0.1–3.0 for sunflower oil biodiesel, 0.1–2.9 for rice bran oil biodiesel, 0.2–2.9 for sesame oil biodiesel, and 0.1–2.9 for karanji oil biodiesel. The karanji and sunflower oil showed higher values of distribution coefficient (KD) over rice bran oil and sesame oil which might be due to presence of both C20 and special fatty acids. The results show that biogenous diluents along with N,N-dioctyloctan-1-amine as extractant form a nontoxic and viable option for the extraction of succinic acid in the binary phase system.

Combined impact of varying biogas mass flow rate and rice bran methyl esters blended with diesel on a dual-fuel engine

ABSTRACT For fetching day-to-day energy needs, current energy requirement majorly depends on fossil fuels. But ambiguous matter like abating petroleum products and expanding air pollution has enforced the experts to strive for another fuel which can be used as an alternative or reduce the applications of fossil fuels. Considering the issues, the main objective of the present study is to find the feasibility by using blends of rice bran oil biodiesel and diesel which are used as pilot fuels by blending 10% and 20% biodiesel in fossil diesel and biogas, introduced as gaseous fuel by varying its mass flow rate in a dual-fuel engine mode. An experimentation study was carried out to find the performance and emission parameters of the engine relative to pure diesel. The results were very much similar to the majority of researchers who used biodiesel and gaseous fuels in a dual-fuel engine. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the engine was noticed to have increased, while brake thermal efficiency was on the lower side in dual fuel mode in comparison with regular diesel. In relation with conventional diesel, it was noticed that combined effect of rice bran methyl esters and varying mass flow rate of biogas showed a decrement in NO x and smoke emissions, whereas HC and CO exhalations were on higher side when biogas and biodiesel were utilized collectively in dual-fuel engine. Hence, it was concluded that combination of blends of biodiesel and diesel and introduction of biogas in the engine can be a promising combination which can be used as a substitute fuel for addressing future energy needs.

Emission study on MgO2 nano-additive doped biodiesel on immobile diesel engine

ABSTRACT In this present study, the emissions characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with neat rice bran oil biodiesel were investigated. Magnesium dioxide nano-additive is added to neat biodiesel at different concentrations to view its impact on emissions pattern. The obtained results are compared with diesel fuel. Rice bran oil is transesterified into biodiesel and employed in this work. Addition of 20 ppm of MgO2 nanoparticle in rice bran oil biodiesel blend fuel reduces the NOx, HC, CO and smoke emission by 8.2%, 5.7%, 4.6% and 12.6% respectively under peak load condition.

Extractive Separation of Acetic Acid from Aqueous Solution using Tertiary Amine + Biodiesels at 298±K

The present paper deals with the removal of acetic acid from aqueous solution using Tri-n-octyl amine (TOA) as extractant in biodiesels synthesized from sunflower, sesame and rice bran. Batch extraction of acetic acid from aqueous solution was carried out and extraction efficiency and loading factors were calculated by varying initial acid concentration and the percentage of Tri-n-octyl amine (TOA) in biodiesels on volume/volume basis. For sunflower oil biodiesel system- the extraction efficiency lies between 57.74 (10% TOA)-77.14 (30% TOA), for sesame oil biodiesel system- the extraction efficiency lies between 53.31 (10% TOA)-79.79 (30% TOA) and for ricebran oil biodiesel system- the extraction efficiency lies between 58.10 (10% TOA)-76.50 (30% TOA). The results revealed that the combination of TOA and biodiesel is efficient for removing acetic acid from aqueous solution.

Exergetic evaluation of biodiesel production from rice bran oil using heterogeneous catalyst

With the increasing interest in developing alternative fuel sources to fossil fuels, biodiesel is one preferred alternative. Several researchers have proposed the use of heterogenous catalyst but it is not commercially in use yet. Recently, more attention is being paid to improvement of the energetic performance and minimising the inefficiencies in the different process components, but not many literatures have shown how these inefficiencies are introduced during design of heterogeneously catalysed biodiesel production processes. This study aim to use exergy analysis to determine location, magnitude and sources of thermodynamic inefficiencies in a heterogeneously catalyzed rice bran oil biodiesel production plant. It demonstrates how improper placement of utilities can result to energy losses in a heterogeneously catalyzed rice bran oil biodiesel production plant and it comparatively examine how the exothermic energy of transesterification reaction can drive the system. Two rice bran oil biodiesel production plants are simulated. The first production plant simulated has hot utility supply to the reactor while the second is without hot utility supply to the reactor and both were defined as scheme 1 and scheme 2 respectively. The overall analysis showed that for scheme 1, exergy efficiency was 63.92% with 94.2% of the total exergy destruction taking place in the reactor while efficiency of scheme 2 was observed to improve to 75.15% with exergy destruction in the reactor reduced to 1.63%.

Energy and exergy analysis of compression ignition engine fuelled with rice bran biodiesel blends

ABSTRACTThe present study aims to investigate a four-stroke single cylinder, water-cooled compression ignition (CI) engine coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. The rice bran oil biodiesel blends of B10, B20, B30 and pure diesel are tested for its performance in the engine. Energy and exergy analysis is carried out for the biodiesel blends and pure diesel. The experimental data were collected using steady-state tests which enable accurate measurements of air, fuel and cooling water flow rates, engine load and all the relevant temperatures. The performance parameters, energy and exergy efficiencies were computed for each fuel operation and compared with each other. The energy and exergy analysis has made to find input availability, brake power availability, cooling water availability and exhaust gas availability. From the exergy analysis, component of major exergy destruction was found. Balances of energy and exergy rates for the engine were also computed.

Certain investigation in a compression ignition engine using rice bran methyl ester fuel blends with ethanol additive

In this study and analysis, the physical properties such as calorific value, viscosity, flash, and fire point temperatures of rice bran oil methyl ester were found. The rice bran oil biodiesel has been prepared by transesterification process from pure rice bran oil in the presence of methanol and NaOH. Moreover, property enhancement of rice bran oil methyl ester was also made by adding different additives such as ethanol in various proportions. Rice bran oil methyl ester with 1, 3, and 5% ethanol were analyzed for its fuel properties. The effects of diesel-B20ROME blends with ethanol additive of 1, 3, and 5% on a compression ignition engine were examined considering its emissions. It is found that the increase in biodiesel concentration in the fuel blend influences CO2 and NOx emissions. On the other hand CO and HC emissions are reduced. It is interesting to observe the emission as ethanol-B20ROME blends, reduces CO2 and NOx which are the major contributors to global warming. As the NOx and CO2 can be reduced drastically by the proposed blends, the global warming can be reduced considerably.

A comparative study of combustion, emission, and performance characteristics of rice-bran-, neem-, and cottonseed-oil biodiesels with varying degree of unsaturation

In this study, we compared three different blended (20/80 by vol.) biodiesels of rice bran, neem, and cottonseed oils with varying degree of unsaturation. All three biodiesel blends decreased the brake thermal efficiency and increased the exhaust gas temperature of a single-cylinder diesel engine. They decreased CO, hydrocarbon, and smoke emissions, but increased NOx emissions. The biodiesels provided better combustion characteristics than diesel. Of all the tested biodiesel blends, rice bran oil biodiesel decreased CO and hydrocarbon emissions the most, albeit at the cost of increasing NOx emissions. CO, HC, and smoke emissions decreased with the increase in degree of unsaturation, whereas NOx emissions increased with the increase in degree of unsaturation.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel Blends

The scarcity of conventional fuels and continuous trend of hike in the prices leads a serious concern to reach for alternative fuels .On other hand there is possibility to reduce pollutants formations taking place significantly in transportation & industrial sector. Several researches have prover proven that the fuels like bio-diesel, bio-mass, alcoholic fuels, hydrogen, non-fossil methane and non-fossil gases(like LPG,CNG) can be used an substitute fuels in place of petro diesel fuel. Generally bio-diesel is the renewable fuel which is derived by chemically reacting with the source of bio diesel like vegetable oils, animal oils, plastics, and waste automobile tyres etc. The chemical reaction requires a catalyst usually a strong acid or base such as sulfuric acid, sodium or potassium hydroxide, and produces a new chemical compounds called methyl or ethyl esters of the vegetable crude oil which is called as bio-diesel. Therefore in the present investigation an attempt is to be made with rice bran oil as substitute fuel. In the initial stage the tests are to be conducted on the 4-stroke single cylinder air cooled direct injection diesel engine. In the second stage experimental investigations are to be carried out on the same engine with same operating parameters by using the rice bran oil blending with diesel in different proportions such as RB35, RB45, RBE35 and RBE45 to determine the performance parameters and emissions. Further investigation carried on base engine with Ethanol and Ethyl Hexyl Nitrate(EHN) as additives to the diesel-biodiesel blends. favourable fatty acid composition and unique combination of naturally occurring biologically active and antioxidant compounds (1). RBO has been difficult to refine because of the its high content of free fatty acid (FFA), unsaponifiable matter and dark colour (2) . The results obtained show a 49% reduction in smoke, 35% reduction in HC and 37% reduction in CO emissions for the blends whereas the brake power and BTE are reduced by 2.4% and 3.2% respectively with 4.3% increase in the SFC . Therefore it is concluded from the present experimental study that the blends of RBO and Diesel fuel can successfully be used in Diesel engines as an alternative fuel without any modification in the engine and it is also environment friendly by the emission standards. The present research is aimed to investigate experimentally the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine when fuelled with conventional diesel fuel, rice bran oil biodiesel, a blend of diesel and rice bran oil biodiesel and three blends of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol over the entire range of load on the engine. The experimental results showed that the highest brake thermal efficiency was observed with 15% ethanol in diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. The exhaust gas temperature and the sound intensity from the engine reduced with the increase of ethanol percentage in diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. The Carbon monoxide and smoke emissions reduced significantly with higher percentage of ethanol in diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. The unused oxygen with 5% ethanol in diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blend was lower than that of diesel fuel (3). .From the literature it is concluded that alternate fuels can be used as substitute for diesel by evaluating its properties and blending them with diesel in small proportions can improved performance parameters and reduce emissions without modifying the engine design.

The Characterization of Palm and Rice Bran Oil Biodiesel to Assess the Feasibility for Power Generation

Methyl esters of palm oil and rice bran oil were tested in a direct injection, naturally aspirated, single cylinder diesel engine. The diesel engine was operated with biofuels from no load to full load condition. The effects of different biofuels on engine parameters, namely, fuel consumption, electrical efficiency, lower heating value, higher heating value, and engine speed, were examined; also, the physical and chemical properties, such as specific gravity, moisture content, refractive index, acid value, iodine number, saponification value, and peroxide value, of the two methyl esters used in this study were estimated. Based on the Cetane number and iodine value, the methyl esters obtained from palm oil were found to be not suitable to use as biodiesel in cold weather conditions, but for hot climate conditions, biodiesel obtained from palm and rice bran sources were found to be suitable. Based on electrical efficiency, the methyl esters obtained from palm oil were found to be very good.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine Fuelled with Rice Bran Oil Biodiesel

In this study, the performance and exhaust emissions of a biodiesel fuelled low heat rejection (LHR) direct injection Diesel engine have been investigated experimentally and compared with the results of standard diesel engine without any coatings. Piston, cylinder head, exhaust and inlet valve of test engine were coated with 0.5 mm thickness of zirconia through plasma spray method. Biodiesel used in the testing was prepared from rice bran oil through transesterification process.

Physicochemical Characterization of Eco-friendly Rice Bran Oil Biodiesel

In this study, rice bran (husk), an abundant and waste product of the rice milling industry, is analyzed for biodiesel production. Rice bran contains 20% oil, which is non-edible. An optimum production (57%) of biodiesel was achieved through base- (NaOH and KOH) catalyzed transesterification reaction. Fuel properties of transesterified rice bran oil, chemically known as methyl ester (biodiesel), was compared with biodiesel standards on American Standard Testing Methods (ASTM). The fuel properties of rice bran biodiesel 100% are specific density @ 15°C, 0.8920; kinematic viscosity @ 40°C, 4.68; flash point, 88°C; sulphur contents, wt% Nil; pour point, −11°C; and cloud point, −10°C. The fuel properties of biodiesel blends B5, B10, B20, and B50 were much closer to high-speed diesel. Analytical techniques, such as GC-MS, NMR, and FT-IR, were used for determination of the chemical composition of biodiesel. This study suggests that rice bran oil is a feasible source for production of biodiesel, and its fuel properties favor it to be used as renewable energy.