Ribbon Bridge Research Articles

Research on Simulation and Evaluation of Environmental Adaptability of Ribbon Bridge Based on GMRES Algorithm

This paper focuses on the safety of ribbon bridge navigation at different flow speeds, including bow tilt and stern tilt. By constructing a CAD 3 dimensions simulation model and CFD simulation test model of a ribbon bridge, the Hydrodynamics of the ribbon bridge under different load conditions and flow velocity is simulated and calculated based on the GMRES algorithm.The environmental adaptability assessment was carried out from the aspects of bow tilt, stern tilt and flow velocity adaptability of the ribbon bridge, and the navigation safety and stability of the ribbon bridge in different environments were obtained, which could provide data reference and support for the safe navigation of the ribbon bridge in the actual waters.

Effect of Ground Motion Orientation on Seismic Responses of an Asymmetric Stress Ribbon Pedestrian Bridge

The stress ribbon bridge uses ribbon in high tension to transfer loads and exhibits geometric nonlinearity under dynamic earthquake excitations. A typical double‐span asymmetric stress ribbon pedestrian bridge was introduced as a prototype, and nonlinear time history analysis was performed to investigate the effect of ground motion orientation on the structural responses. Non‐pulse‐type and pulse‐type ground motions were considered, and the influence of vertical ground motions was investigated. Numerical results showed that the stress ribbon bridge’s vertical and transverse displacements were sensitive to the excitation of the vertical ground motion. No single orientation led to the most critical values in all response indexes, and the critical orientation was approximately independent of the vertical ground motion. The negative bending moment of the ribbons, the pier top displacement, and the pier base moment at the transverse direction were sensitive to the ground motion orientation. Checking the responses resulting from different directions is necessary for a comprehensive estimation of the seismic performance of the stress ribbon bridge.

Vibration control of stress ribbon bridges subjected to moving vehicles

Stress ribbon bridges experience excessive vibration when subjected to moving vehicles due to flexibility and low damping, affecting the running safety and ride comfort of the vehicles. It is of great challenge to suppress the vibration of a vehicle-stress ribbon bridge (VSRB) system because of the strong geometric nonlinearity of the stress ribbon bridge, which might also lead to the inapplicability of the conventional optimal design of tuned mass dampers (TMD). This paper proposes an eddy-current tuned mass damper (ECTMD) and its parameter optimization method for suppressing the excessive vibration of stress ribbon bridges subjected to moving vehicles. A dynamic analysis method of the VSRB system is first presented for evaluating the control performance of the ECTMD. Then, a response surface method is proposed to optimize the parameters of the ECTMD for improving control performance. The control performance of the ECTMD optimized by the proposed procedure is validated using a numerical study of a real stress ribbon bridge. Numerical results demonstrate that the conventional design methodology of the TMD based on the linear theory is not the optimal design for the VSRB system due to its nonlinear vibration feature, whereas the proposed response surface method well optimizes the ECTMD's parameters, thus achieving the optimal control performance. This study provides an effective passive control approach for reducing the dynamic responses of stress ribbon bridges excited by moving vehicles.

Rational cross-sectional design and behavioural analysis of the low-sag stressed ribbon pedestrian bridges/Rationale Querschnittsbemessung und Verhaltensanalyse der Fußgänger-Spannbandbrücken mit geringem Durchhang

Stress ribbon bridges represent one of the simplest and the most efficient modern bridge constructions used in modern lightweight pedestrian bridges. The article presents an analysis of the stress ribbon bridge behaviour by applying different values of constant loads, assessing the possibilities of using steels and composite materials. The article presents the methodology for the rational cross-section and shape design of the low-sag stressed ribbon structure, based on the rigidity conditions. The article discusses the structure‘s behaviour in asymmetric loads and provides recommendations for Design.

Finite Element Analysis of Cylindrical and Spherical Concrete Vaults

Concrete shell structures, often cast as a monolithic dome or stressed ribbon bridge or saddle roof. The thin concrete shell structures are a lightweight construction composed of a relatively thin shell made of reinforced concrete, usually without the useof internal supports giving an open unobstructed interior. This project aims to investigate the displacement and to find the maximum shear stress of cylindrical and spherical concrete vaults subjected to pressure load and it’s self-weight. Boundary condition is given for the concrete vaults as simply supported. Concrete vaults of 3m, 6m and 9m span and of length 8m with same loading conditions were applied. If the shear stress is more it is easy to resist the more load on it. ANSYS results shows that the displacement values when compared with cylindrical and spherical shells, Spherical shells can resist more load

Modeling, Identification, and Simulation of Positional Displacement Control for Ribbon Bridges

The demand of river-crossing is steadily increasing, the speedy and safety are two most important factors that decide the success of the applied solutions. This paper partially proposes a method for ribbon bridge installation and self-correction by describing the planar motion for a ribbon bridge, including several experimentally identified over a certain range of speeds. The mathematical modeling and system identification aim to provide a model that is sufficient for allowance of model-based control designs. In order to design the stable yaw control system of auto-correction of positional displacement, the Linear-Quadratic Regulator (LQR) was employed for yaw controller. Accordingly, the numerical study was carried out under a variety of disturbances to verify the system modeling and the efficiency of the designed controller. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller has promising feasibility of the yaw placement automatic correct during operation and further extended results of the whole bridge system.

Arranging Parameters of Self-anchored Stressed Ribbon Supported on Arch Pedestrian Bridges

Stressed ribbon pedestrian bridges are most graceful, efficient and economical strains of suspension bridges. However, these structures have a major disadvantage – very large horizontal support reactions, which result mainly to the construction cost. In order to discover new forms and to extend the limits of stressed ribbon bridges, in the end of twentieth century these constructions were started to combine with other bearing elements in cable­stayed, under­deck cable­stayed bridges and other structures. At the beginning of the twenty­first century stressed ribbon supported on arch structure was discovered. The paper presents reviews of suspension supported on arch footbridges and classification. Considered the main geometrical design parameters and their interdependence. The paper presents a method of how to balance self­anchored suspension supported on arch bridge design computational scheme.

Projekt i badania wstępne mobilnej modułowej platformy pływającej o regulowanej wyporności

Contemporary emergency crossing systems used by military and crisis service systems are constantly evolving and have to meet many requirements. As a result, modifications to the prototype pontoon bridge segment with adjustable displacement, are proposed. The floating cradle system has been upgraded, additional displacement modules have been supported and a number of solutions including floating equipment and fittings have been added. Modifications and developed constructions allow not only to combine traditional ribbon bridges, but also mobile floating platforms with self propulsion. Assumptions and solutions used in the ferry built from adjustable displacement cassettes, have been focused on. Concept of the ferry in basic configuration and selected variants of strength tests of the shore module of such ferry, is also discussed.

부유식 교량 설치 및 운영을 위한 제어시스템 구축에 관한 연구

This article describes the Ribbon Bridge installation problem. The Ribbon Bridge is also called the Foldable Bridge, which was designed to carry heavy combat vehicles and trucks as a floating bridge or ferry. Until now, the installation task has been mostly performed manually without considering the worst-case scenario, which is a combat situation. This means that the installation task may be impossible in a hail-of-bullets situation. In this paper, the authors propose a new installation strategy to overcome all situations, including wartime scenarios. In particular, in this paper, the authors obtain a model by the theoretical approach and show the simulation results to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed strategy.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF STRESS RIBBON BRIDGES

A stressed ribbon bridge (also known as stress-ribbon bridge or catenary bridge) is primarily a structure under tension. The tension cables form the part of the deck which follows an inverted catenary between supports. The ribbon is stressed such that it is in compression, thereby increasing the rigidity of the structure where as a suspension spans tend to sway and bounce. Such bridges are typically made RCC structures with tension cables to support them. Such bridges are generally not designed for vehicular traffic but where it is essential, additional rigidity is essential to avoid the failure of the structure in bending. A stress ribbon bridge of 45 meter span is modelled and analyzed using ANSYS version 12. For simplicity in importing civil materials and civil cross sections, CivilFEM version 12 add-on of ANSYS was used. A 3D model of the whole structure was developed and analyzed and according to the analysis results, the design was performed manually.

Simple Bridges

AbstractMany famous footbridges show have a spectacular, eye‐catching design or functionality. They feature extravagant structures, large spans or outstanding locations and they are globally published and widely discussed amongst professionals and laymen.However, there are smaller and simpler bridges, whose good and appropriate design, structural behaviour and sustainability can only be seen at the second look. While not having showy features they are beautiful, reasonable, efficient, sometimes trendsetting but always interesting enough to justify careful attention.This paper presents five bridges – designed by schlaich bergermann partner, completed within the past few years – that are characterized especially by their apparent simplicity: a simple beam bridge in Backnang, three arch bridges in Dortmund, a prestressed concrete beam bridge in Hamburg, a two‐span stress ribbon bridge in Schwäbisch Gmünd and a fixed‐end beam bridge in Esslingen.

Stress Ribbon Bridges: Mechanics of the Stress Ribbon on the Saddle

AbstractThe most slender and flexible footbridges are stress ribbon bridges. One kind of these elegant and simple bridges consists of two hanging steel ribbons, usually made of steel, which carry concrete deck panels and are anchored between two heavy abutments. At the anchorage and on intermediate supports the ribbons are often supported by saddles that are curved so that the additional bending stresses in the ribbon, which occur there, stay within allowable limits. The magnitude and the distribution of the bending stresses, the transverse pressure the ribbons exert on the saddle, and stress changes in the region of the detachment point caused by live loads are crucial for the dimensioning of these ribbons. A clear understanding of these issues via parametric studies, analytical solutions, and confirmation by finite-element (FE) analyses are provided in this paper. The findings presented here can also be used for other saddle systems, such as those used in cable-stayed and extradosed bridges.

Serviceability of stress ribbon bridges with external tendons

A prestressed concrete stress ribbon footbridge is a type of suspension bridge without towers. A conventional stress ribbon footbridge has two types of tendons in the concrete deck: the internal prestressing tendons (secondary tendons) and suspension tendons (primary tendons), which carry the dead load. This study targeted two footbridges with common structures that efficiently arrange the external tendons to reduce the construction cost and match the surrounding landscape. The Morino-Wakuwaku Bridge has the suspension tendons (primary tendons) in the concrete deck, and the prestressing tendons (secondary tendons) are placed outside of the deck as the external tendons. The Ohmaki-Dondo Bridge has external tendons (primary and secondary tendons) and bearings. These bridges differ in their structural and vibrational characteristics. Static loading tests using a vehicle, vibration tests using humans and finite-element method simulations were carried out to understand the characteristics of each bridge. This paper describes the structural and vibrational characteristics of prestressed concrete stress ribbon footbridges with external tendons and estimates their vibration serviceability performance for pedestrians based on the analysis and test results.

시공단계가 고려된 스트레스 리본 교량의 해석 모델

스트레스 리본 교량(Stress Ribbon Bridge)이란 두께가 얇은 상부구조(바닥판)가 특정한 현수 형태(catenary type)로 유지되고 긴장된 바닥판 (Post-tensioned deck)이 하중에 의해 역 아치(Reverse arch) 거동을 보이는 PSC 구조물이다. 현재 스트레스 리본 교량의 경우 국외에서 자연파괴를 최소화 하고 아름다운 구조로 인식되어 차도교, 보도교 등에 활발하게 이용되고 있으나 국내에서는 이와 관련된 연구가 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서 시공단계가 고려된 스트레스 리본교량의 비선형, 시간의존적 해석이 고려된 모델을 정립하는데 목표가 있다. 정립된 모델을 이용하여 시공단계에 따른 단면력을 이론에 의한 수치와 비교하여 그 타당성을 입증하였으며, 시공단계에 따른 교량의 거동을 분석하였다. A stress ribbon bridge is a PSC structure that behaves as a reverse arch structure due to post-tensioned thin deck of the catenary type. In foreign countries, the stress ribbon bridge is recognized as the minimum destruction of nature and beautiful bridge, and has many construction examples as pedestrian and car bridges. On the other hand, there have been few studies in Korea. In this study, the FE Analysis model was established for different construction stages considering the nonlinear and time-dependent behaviors. The FE model was verified by a comparison with the numerical results and the behavior was analyzed for the different construction stages.

Using Wind Tunnel Tests for Slung-Load Clearance, Part 2: Other Loads

The first new load is the TRIO container that can be flown in three configurations with different heights. The second new load is a ribbon bridge interior bay section. Wind tunnel results with models of the new loads exhibit in general good agreement with flight-test results. The results of the new loads strengthen further the approach of using wind tunnel tests to accelerate slung-load clearance, as well as reduce risk and cost.

Durability of Stress Ribbon Bridge Checked during Loading Test

In 2009 as a result of a sudden flood in Polish Carpathian mountains a small bridge shortening significantly the way and situated over the torrent river at the subdivisions was destroyed. Local authorities were forced to hold a tender for the new foot and road bridge which was supposed to be as well cheap and fast to build and as durable and easy to use. Besides foot crossing (4 kN/m) it was supposed to enable driving vehicles up to 15 tones when the road was 2.75 m wide. Moreover, because of local hydrological and ecological conditions it was supposed to have the span at least 70 m long matching the mountainous landscape.

Portable and Rapidly Deployable Bridges: Historical Perspective and Recent Technology Developments

AbstractPortable and rapidly deployable bridges are critical for providing access routes for troops during military operations and for restoring vital lifelines for communities affected by large-scale disasters. This paper reviews the history and the state of the art in portable and rapidly deployable bridge technology, primarily for U.S. systems. Four types of deployable systems are presented, including (1) rapidly erectable gap-crossing bridges (e.g., Bailey Bridge, Medium Girder Bridge), (2) vehicle-launched bridges (e.g., Armored Vehicle–Launched Bridge, Dry Support Bridge), (3) river-crossing solutions (e.g., M4T6, Improved Ribbon Bridge), and (4) causeways (e.g., Navy Elevated Causeway System, Lightweight Modular Causeway System). Discussion of each design emphasizes the technology itself, its application throughout history, and the evolution of the forms in relation to one another. The paper concludes with a discussion of the future of these technologies. The paper provides the first review of port...

Dynamic responses of a ribbon floating bridge under moving loads

The moving loads induced hydroelastic responses of a ribbon floating bridge composed of several nonlinearly connected modules are studied from both experimental and numerical aspects in this paper. The 1:10 model tests were conducted in the ocean basin, where the static responses by static loads and dynamic vertical displacements of the floating bridge induced by moving loads were measured. The corresponding responses were also simulated numerically based on finite element method, and are finally compared with the experimental results. The results from the static cases validated the simulations of the connectors' properties. The dynamic responses show the main characteristics of the ribbon bridge under moving loads. The results show that the nonlinearity of the connectors has a great influence on the dynamic response of the floating bridge especially for the upward dynamic responses.

Stress Ribbon and Cable-supported Pedestrian Bridges, 2nd edn

Stress Ribbon and Cable-supported Pedestrian Bridges, 2nd edn

Model-based design and experimental validation of active vibration control for a stress ribbon bridge using pneumatic muscle actuators

This paper describes the development of an active vibration control system for a light and flexible stress ribbon footbridge. The 13 m span carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) stress ribbon bridge was built in the laboratory of the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Berlin Institute of Technology. Its lightness and flexibility result in high vibration sensitivity. To reduce pedestrian-induced vibrations, very light pneumatic muscle actuators are placed at handrail level, introducing control forces. First, a reduced discretized analytical model is derived for the stress ribbon bridge. To verify the analytical prediction, experiments without feedback control are conducted. Based on this model, a delayed velocity feedback control strategy is designed. To handle the nonlinearities of the muscle actuator, a subsidiary force control is implemented. Then the control performance from numerical simulation is verified by experiments under free vibration. As a result, analytical analyses agree well with experimental results. It is demonstrated that handrail-introduced forces can efficiently control the first mode response.