Rhopilema Esculentum Research Articles

Effects of supplemental medusa (Rhopilema esculentum) on intestinal microbiota and metabolites in silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus).

Pampus argenteus demonstrates a preference for Rhopilema esculentum as prey, yet the ramifications of consuming supplemental medusa on fish microbiota and metabolism remain elusive. To elucidate these effects, 300 juvenile fish were divided into two groups: control group (C, given commercial food only) and supplemental medusa (SM) group (given supplemental medusa + commercial feed). After 15 days, fish in the SM group exhibited a significant increase in fatness, the amylase activity in the intestine significantly increased, and the intestinal microvilli were arranged more neatly. The comprehensive approach involving 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metabolomics was employed, leading to the identification of five genera within the SM group, namely Lactococcus, Cohaesibacter, Maritalea, Sulfitobacter, and Carnobacterium. Functional prediction analysis of the microbiota indicated that the consumption of supplemental medusa facilitated processes such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and amino acid absorption. Metabolomics analysis revealed significant enrichment of 85 differential metabolites, most of them belonging to fatty acids and conjugates. These differential metabolites primarily participated in processes such as amino acid metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and disease. Notably, the consumption of medusa resulted in a significant reduction in nine lysophospholipids associated with cardiovascular disease and inflammation. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis revealed associations between specific microorganisms and metabolites, indicating that Cobetia, Weissella, and Macrococcus exhibited an increased abundance in the SM group, positively correlating with apocynin, 12-Hete, and delta 9-THC-d3. The indicator bacteria Psychrobacter reduced in the SM group, exhibiting a negative correlation with cystathionine (a compound involved in glutathione synthesis). Overall, the supplementation of medusa may confer a beneficial effect on the immunity of the fish. This study contributes to the theoretical framework for fish feed development.

Microbial Diversity and Screening for Potential Pathogens and Beneficial Bacteria of Five Jellyfish Species-Associated Microorganisms Based on 16S rRNA Sequencing.

Jellyfish, microorganisms, and the marine environment collectively shape a complex ecosystem. This study aimed to analyze the microbial communities associated with five jellyfish species, exploring their composition, diversity, and relationships. Microbial diversity among the species was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and QIIME analysis. Significant differences in bacterial composition were found, with distinct dominant taxa in each species: Mycoplasmataceae (99.21%) in Aurelia coerulea, Sphingomonadaceae (22.81%) in Cassiopea andromeda, Alphaproteobacteria_unclassified (family level) (64.09%) in Chrysaora quinquecirrha, Parcubacteria_unclassified (family level) (93.11%) in Phacellophora camtschatica, and Chlamydiaceae (35.05%) and Alphaproteobacteria_unclassified (family level) (38.73%) in Rhopilema esculentum. C. andromeda showed the highest diversity, while A. coerulea exhibited the lowest. Correlations among dominant genera varied, including a positive correlation between Parcubacteria_unclassified (genus level) and Chlamydiaceae_unclassified (genus level). Genes were enriched in metabolic pathways and ABC transporters. The most abundant potential pathogens at the phylum level were Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Chlamydiae, and Epsilonbacteraeota. The differing microbial compositions are likely influenced by species and their habitats. Interactions between jellyfish and microorganisms, as well as among microorganisms, showed interdependency or antagonism. Most microbial gene functions focused on metabolic pathways, warranting further study on the relationship between pathogenic bacteria and these pathways.

TriplEP-CPP: Algorithm for Predicting the Properties of Peptide Sequences.

Advancements in medicine and pharmacology have led to the development of systems that deliver biologically active molecules inside cells, increasing drug concentrations at target sites. This improves effectiveness and duration of action and reduces side effects on healthy tissues. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) show promise in this area. While traditional medicinal chemistry methods have been used to develop CPPs, machine learning techniques can speed up and reduce costs in the search for new peptides. A predictive algorithm based on machine learning models was created to identify novel CPP sequences using molecular descriptors using a combination of algorithms like k-nearest neighbors, gradient boosting, and random forest. Some potential CPPs were found and tested for cytotoxicity and penetrating ability. A new low-toxicity CPP was discovered from the Rhopilema esculentum venom proteome through this study.

Effect of Jellyfish Body Parts and Presentation Form on Consumers Liking, Sensory Perception, Emotions, and Food Pairings.

Although jellyfish represent a food source in Asia, limited attention has been devoted to investigating Western consumers' perception and acceptance. This study explored the role of jellyfish body parts and presentation form in determining consumer perception. A local consumer test with 106 untrained subjects (57.5% female, 18-45 years) was performed in Italy over two days on six samples of jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye) differing in terms of body parts (umbrella and oral arms) and presentation form (minced, striped, and pieced). For each sample, participants expressed their overall liking and, through three check-all-that-apply tests, described their perceived sensory properties and emotions and potential preferred food pairings. The results showed a significant effect of presentation form on liking (with striped and minced samples liked more than pieced samples), 18 sensory properties, four emotions, and five food pairings. Moreover, different drivers of liking and emotions were observed for three clusters of subjects named "In favour of", "Against", and "Picky towards" eating jellyfish. In conclusion, this study found that at least one segment of consumers could accept jellyfish as novel food. Moreover, the provided results could be useful for developing innovative jellyfish-based products and dishes that meet consumers' expectations.

Targeted screening of an anti-inflammatory polypeptide from Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye cnidoblasts and elucidation of its mechanism in alleviating ulcerative colitis based on an analysis of the gut microbiota and metabolites

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent inflammatory bowel disease that imposes a severe burden on families and society. In recent years, exploiting the potential of marine bioactive peptides for the treatment of diseases has become a topic of intense research interest. This study revealed the mechanism underlying the protective effect of the dominant polypeptide PKKVV (Pro-Lys-Lys-Val-Val) of Rhopilema esculentum cnidoblasts against DSS-induced UC through a combined analysis of the metagenome and serum metabolome. Specifically, the polypeptide composition of R. esculentum cnidoblasts was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS). Molecular docking showed that the dominant peptide PKKVV could bind better with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) than the original ligand. Subsequent animal experiments suggested that PKKVV could modulate disorganized gut microorganisms in mice with UC; affect serum metabolites through the arachidonic acid, glycerophospholipid and linoleic acid metabolism pathways; and further alleviate UC symptoms. This study provides a reference for the comprehensive development of marine bioactive substances and nonpharmaceutical treatments for UC.

Recent update: collagen extraction from marine resources as a promising natural antiaging

Aging is a natural process that occurs in every human. Aging can be prevented or slowed down through the appropriate and suitable use of collagen as an anti-aging treatment. Collagen is typically derived from raw materials such as pig or cow bones/skin, but recently there have been frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases among livestock, prompting the exploration of raw materials sourced from the sea to address this issue and create promising collagen for anti-aging purposes. The objective of this literature review research is to explore the potential of collagen extracts from marine resources as an anti-aging solution through an examination of relevant literature, which can serve as a reference for future research. A systematic review method was employed by collecting data from various literature sources, including research journals published both nationally and internationally, which discuss various marine resources containing collagen with anti-aging properties. Based on the systematic review, several natural resources containing collagen with anti-aging properties were identified, including sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea sp.), milkfish (Chanos chanos), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum), starfish (Asterias pectinifera), mackerel (Decapterus macarellus), squid (Todarodes pacificus), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), and blue sharks (Prionace glauca).

Marine Organisms as Potential Sources of Inhibits ACE on Hypertension Patient

Abstract:
 Hypertension is a condition of chronic high blood pressure in the systemic arteries which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, kidney disorders, and death. There are two types of hypertension, the primary hypertension is thought to be caused by hereditary factors, age, gender, race, and an unhealthy lifestyle. Secondary hypertension is caused by an obvious cause. The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is quite high with the highest incidence rate in South Kalimantan (44,1%) and the lowest in Papua (22,2%). The pathophysiology of hypertension involves the enzyme Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) which plays a role in regulating blood pressure. The process of converting Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I, then Angiotensin II by ACE can cause vasoconstriction and fluid retention, which contribute to hypertension. The changes in circulation and blood vessel structure have played a role in the risk of hypertension complications, including stroke. The marine organisms such as fish, shellfish, cephalopods, seaweed, and algae contain peptides with antihypertensive, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, and hypercholesterolemic activities. For example, hydrolyzate of the jellyfish, Rhopilema esculentum can inhibit ACE with a high level of effectiveness. The current hypertension treatment often uses synthetic drugs such as ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), but these have undesirable side effects. Therefore, bioactive peptides from marine organisms can be an efficient and safe natural alternative. The research on protein hydrolysates from various sources has found ACE inhibitory activity and several peptides such as Trp-Pro-Met-Gly-Phe (WPMGF) and APP, KPLL, and VYPFPGPIPNSLPQNIPP were identified to have strong ACE inhibitory activity. These findings indicate the potential use of bioactive peptides from marine organisms as a natural alternative for the treatment and prevention of hypertension.

Identification and Verification of the Blue Pigment in the Edible Jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum)

Rhopilema esculentum is widely cultured in Chinese coastal regions and has thousand years of consumption history in China. Despite R. esculentum owns multiple colors (mainly ochre and blue) in aquaculture ponds, little is known about the pigments and color formation. This study identified and verified the blue pigment of R. esculentum. Results showed that the blue pigment of R. esculentum has 262 amino acids with 54.96% identity to the blue pigment protein precursor of Rhizostoma pulmo. The blue pigment of R. esculentum has Kringle and Frizzled domains, which is in accordance with rhizostomins characteristics. Compared to ochre R. esculentum, the expression level of blue pigment increased 3.49-fold in blue R. esculentum. In addition, overexpression of the blue pigment in Rhodosporidium toruloides made transformant cells blue under blue light excitation. Our findings provide knowledge for the blue color formation of R. esculentum and will benefit the color selection of R. esculentum with excellent traits.

Multi-dimensional visualization of ingestion, biological effects and interactions of microplastics and a representative POP in edible jellyfish

Due to their ubiquity and potential risks, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are concerning environmental issues. Yet there are still significant knowledge gaps in understanding the tissue-specific accumulation and dynamic change of MPs and NPs in the aquatic organism and how these micro/nano-scale emerging contaminants interact with other environmental pollutants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Here, in vivo imaging systems (IVIS), radioisotope tracing, and histological staining were innovatively used to reveal the fate and toxicity of fluorescently-labeled MPs/NPs and 14C-labeled 2,4,4′-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB28) in edible jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum. These contaminants' ingestion, biological effects, and interactions were visualized at cellular, tissue, and whole-body multidimensional levels. Both MPs and NPs were shown to be preferentially accumulated in the mouthlets of oral arms, and most ingested MPs/NPs were present in the extracellular environment instead of being internalized into the mesoglea. Moreover, the presence of MPs or NPs in the seawater significantly inhibited the bioaccumulation of PCB28 in the jellyfish tissue, thus alleviating physiological alteration, gastric damage, and apoptosis caused by PCB28. This study provides a multi-dimensional visualization strategy to display the distribution and biological effects of typical pollutants in marine organisms and offers new insights for understanding the impacts of MPs/NPs and POPs on marine ecosystems.

Characteristics and functions of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (Lactobacillus reuteri) from the intestine of mice supplemented with three dietary components based on genome resequencing and metabolite analysis

Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a resident probiotic in the intestines of animals with strong environmental adaptability. In the current study, to elucidate the adaptation strategies of L. reuteri to the intestine of mice supplemented with three dietary components (oil, peptide and cellulose), whole genome resequencing and determination of intracellular metabolites were carried out. The resequencing results showed that L. reuteri TO60 (LR-TO) from the intestines of mice supplemented with high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) tuna oil, or fermented Benincasa hispida culture (L. reuteri FB151, abbreviated as LR-FB) had relatively consistent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions and deletions (InDels), and those of L. reuteri from the intestines of mice supplemented with Rhopilema esculentum polypeptides (L. reuteri RE225, abbreviated as LR-RE) were quite different from them. The KEGG functional annotation of resequencing and the intracellular metabolites suggested that in all of the L. reuteri adapted to the intestinal environment mainly by regulating carbohydrate metabolism and membrane transport metabolic pathways. However, there were still some differences in their genes and metabolites, which may be related to the changes in the intestinal environment caused by three different types of dietary interventions. Our study analyzed the adaptation mechanism of L. reuteri to different isolated sources at the genetic level and metabolic level, which is helpful to clarify the adaptation strategies of probiotics to the intestinal environment, and provide supplementary information for the use of dietary nutritional supplements.

Rhopilema esculentum polysaccharides enhance epithelial cell barrier in vitro and alleviate chronic colitis in mice

The purposes of this study were to characterize polysaccharides from Rhopilema esculentum and to explore their impacts on gut barrier function and inflammation in vitro and in mice with chronic colitis triggered by long-term administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Two polysaccharides were isolated and purified from Rhopilema esculentum, named REP-1 and REP-2. REP-1 with a molecular weight of 8.21 kDa was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactosamine, glucose, galactose, and arabinose with a molar ratio of 0.04:0.03:0.38:1:1.36:0.06, and REP-2 with a molecular weight of 10.11 kDa mainly consisted of mannose, glucuronic acid, galactosamine, glucose, galactose, and arabinose with a molar ratio of 0.04:0.12:0.41:1:1.2:0.06. Compared to REP-1, REP-2 displayed better ability to up-regulate the expression of genes related to tight junctions and mucus in LPS-stimulated Caco-2 cells and better immunomodulatory activities in RAW264.7 macrophages. Then animal experiments showed that REP-2 efficiently attenuated the symptoms of colitis, decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restored intestinal barrier function in mice with chronic colitis. These results demonstrate that REP-2 might be a promising agent for protecting intestinal and mucus barrier and mitigating inflammation-associated intestinal diseases such as ulcerative colitis.

Ingestion, egestion and physiological effects of polystyrene microplastics on the marine jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum

Jellyfish are planktonic predators that may be susceptible to ingesting microplastics. However, the effects of MP exposure on jellyfish are poorly understood. In this study, the ingestion and egestion of polystyrene microbeads, and its chronic physiological effects on Rhopilema esculentum at an environmental concentration (100 items/L) and a predicted concentration (1000 items/L) were evaluated. The results showed that the ingestion amount of juvenile medusae was relatively low. The MP egestion rates reached 100 % within 9 h of clearance. Chronic exposure (15 days) to MPs at environmental concentrations led to no adverse impacts. Nevertheless, the predicted concentration of MP exposure induced growth inhibition, a reduction in assimilation efficiency, oxygen consumption increase, and lipase enzyme activity reduction in the jellyfish, indicating that MPs can cause adverse effects on the energy budget of jellyfish in the near future. Our study provides new insights into the potential risk of MPs in marine environments.

Gut microbiota mediates the anti-colitis effects of polysaccharides derived from Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye in mice.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is closely associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota. Crude polysaccharide-rich extract from Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye has been proven to alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-triggered colitis. However, it remains unclear whether the polysaccharides from Rhopilema esculentum (REP) in the extract play a predominant role in ameliorating colitis and whether gut microbiota mediates the beneficial effect of REP. Herein, we aimed to investigate the anti-colitis effects of REP and its mechanisms and to explore the role of REP-modulated gut microbiota in alleviating colitis in mice. Oral REP supplementation ameliorated the symptoms, inflammatory responses, colonic damage and gut microbial dysbiosis in colitic mice. REP significantly enriched SCFA-producing bacteria such as Roseburia and probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and restored the level of SCFAs especially butyric acid and propionic acid. Next, we found that transplantation of microbiota from REP-treated mice alleviated DSS-induced acute colitis, evidenced by improved gut barrier integrity and lower inflammation compared with mice receiving microbiota from control mice. Notably, dramatically enriched Bifidobacterium, Faecalibaculum and SCFA-producing bacteria including Butyricicoccus and Roseburia were found in mice receiving microbiota from the REP-treated donor mice. Lastly, the protective effect of REP supplementation on colitis was abolished in the antibiotic-treated mice. Overall, our findings suggest that REP could alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the imbalance of the microbiome. The polysaccharides of Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye have the potential to be developed into promising prebiotic agents for rectifying dysbiosis of gut microbiota and preventing UC.

Structural and biofunctional evaluation of decellularized jellyfish matrices.

Extracellular matrices decellularized from marine animal tissues are emerging scaffolds in tissue engineering. Jellyfish tissues are suitable for making functional and safe decellularized matrices in part due to their simple structure, high water content, and low risk of pathogen transmission to humans. Jellyfish are some of the most prevalent marine animals, but their decellularized matrices have remained largely undeveloped. Here we evaluated the structures and functions of the jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum) matrices decellularized with seven different detergents. All of them showed effectiveness in removing the cellular components. Scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing revealed that the decellularized matrices mostly retained the native microstructures, whereas only SDS and SNL distorted the matrices' multilayered and fibrous architecture. The collagen hybridizing peptide fluorescence staining showed that SDS, SNL, Triton X-100, IGEPAL, and Tween-20 denatured the jellyfish collagen molecules to varying degrees while CHAPS and SD protected the collagen's triple-helix conformation. We demonstrated that the decellularized jellyfish matrices showed similarity to different types of mammalian collagen and supported the adhesion and proliferation of human dermal and corneal fibroblasts and mouse chondrocytes in 3D culture. Importantly, the decellularized jellyfish matrix also facilitated wound healing in vivo by reducing inflammation while promoting angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the decellularized jellyfish matrices are an easy-to-prepare, biocompatible, and potentially widely applicable scaffold for regenerative medicine.

Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Acromitus flagellatus and its phylogenetic relationship with related jellyfish species

This study describes the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the scyphozoan Acromitus flagellatus (Maas, 1903), a blooming jellyfish found in the coastal areas of Hainan, China. Its mitochondrial DNA is 16,779 bp in length and has a linear structure, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNAs (s-rRNA and l-rRNA), and two tRNAs (trna-W-TCA and trna-M-CAT). A + T content was 65.39% (A: 29.27%, C: 16.59%, G: 18.03%, and T: 36.12%). ATG was the start codon in 11 PCGs: COX1, COX2, ATP8, ATP6, COX3, NAD2, NAD6, NAD4l, NAD1, NAD4, and COB. NAD5 and NAD3 had GTG as the start codon. TAG was the stop codon for COX2, NAD6, and COB. The other 10 PCGs were terminated by TAA. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree of the 15 related jellyfish species showed that A. flagellatus is closely related to Nemopilema nomurai and Rhopilema esculentum.

Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Podocyst Recycling of the Edible Jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum (Kishinouye, 1891)

As one of the edible jellyfish species, Rhopilema esculentum (Kishinouye, 1891) is a traditional fishery resource and an important economic aquaculture species in China. However, facing the current situation of natural resources exhaustion and problems of breeding population frequent disease, quantity, and quality of seedlings in artificial breeding cannot satisfy the market demand. Temperature and salinity have been considered to play crucial roles in regulating R. esculentum asexual reproduction. This study examined the combined effects by exposing post-preserved R. esculentum podocysts (preserved at 2 ± 1 °C for more than 12 months) to three variable temperatures (simulated temperatures increasing from different starting dates of 14.5 °C on 1 April, 18 °C on 1 May, and 23.2 °C on 1 July, respective to natural levels) and three salinities (20, 25, and 30). Podocyst excystment, the start time of strobilation, duration of strobilation, and cumulative ephyra numbers were tested for 45 days and transfer rates from podocysts to ephyrae were analyzed to assess the most optimal combination of temperature and salinity. The results showed that podocyst excystment and ephyrae production occurred in all treatments. Higher temperature and lower salinity significantly facilitated the podocyst excystment and accelerated the start time of strobilation (p < 0.05). Significantly greater ephyra numbers were produced with lower salinity (20 and 25) and temperatures increasing from 18 °C on 1 May to natural levels (p < 0.05). There were significant interactions between temperature and salinity on the cumulative ephyra numbers and transfer rates from podocysts to ephyrae (p < 0.05). These results suggested that R. esculentum podocysts for long-term preservation at low temperature could be recycled. Temperature and salinity regulation can affect the number and time of R. esculentum seedlings to achieve high production and satisfy the market demand for real-time seedling supply. This conclusion would provide a scientific basis for the innovative methods of sustainable utilization of the edible jellyfish (R. esculentum) resources.

Linkage mapping and QTL analysis of growth traits in Rhopilema esculentum

R. esculentum is a popular seafood in Asian countries and an economic marine fishery resource in China. However, the genetic linkage map and growth-related molecular markers are still lacking, hindering marker assisted selection (MAS) for genetic improvement of R. esculentum. Therefore, we firstly used 2b-restriction site-associated DNA (2b-RAD) method to sequence 152 R. esculentum specimens and obtained 9100 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A 1456.34 cM linkage map was constructed using 2508 SNP markers with an average interval of 0.58 cM. Then, six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for umbrella diameter and body weight were detected by QTL analysis based on the new linkage map. The six QTLs are located on four linkage groups (LGs), LG4, LG13, LG14 and LG15, explaining 9.4% to 13.4% of the phenotypic variation. Finally, 27 candidate genes in QTLs regions of LG 14 and 15 were found associated with growth and one gene named RE13670 (sushi, von Willebrand factor type A, EGF and pentraxin domain-containing protein 1-like) may play an important role in controlling the growth of R. esculentum. This study provides valuable information for investigating the growth mechanism and MAS breeding in R. esculentum.

基于环境DNA宏条形码技术的辽东湾典型围海养殖池塘内水母多样性研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于环境DNA宏条形码技术的辽东湾典型围海养殖池塘内水母多样性研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202102170448 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 辽宁省重点研发计划项目(2020JH2/10200021);辽宁省科学事业公益研究基金资助项目(20180015);国家海洋水产种质资源库(DKA30470) Research on jellyfish diversity of marine aquaculture pond in Liaodong Bay using environmental DNA metabarcoding technique Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:研究使用环境DNA宏条形码技术(eDNA metabarcoding)检测辽东湾东北部河口区围海养殖池塘水母种类多样性,探索适用于水母种类物种鉴定和监测的新方法。利用环境DNA宏条形码技术,分别基于18S rDNA和COI宏条形码检测了辽东湾东北部河口区围海养殖池塘水母种类多样性,通过水样采集、过滤、eDNA提取、遗传标记扩增、测序与生物信息分析的环境DNA宏条形码标准化分析流程,从围海养殖池塘7个采样点中获得可检测的采样点数据。结果显示,基于18S rDNA宏条形码检测出8种水母种类,其中钵水母纲大型水母2种、水螅水母总纲小型水母6种;基于COI宏条形码技术共检测出19种水母种类,其中钵水母纲大型水母5种、水螅水母总纲小型水母14种;两种DNA条形码标记都显示养殖种类海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)为优势种。研究结果表明,环境DNA宏条形码技术作为一种新兴的生物多样性监测手段可用于快速检测水母种类多样性,在水母类物种鉴定、监测及早期预警中有较大的应用潜能。 Abstract:In recent years, environmental DNA metabarcoding (eDNA metabarcoding) has been widely used in biodiversity assessment of aquatic organisms due to its cost-effective and non-invasive strategies with the increased sensitivity. To explore new methods for monitoring and detecting jellyfish diversity, this study firstly used eDNA metabarcoding to detect jellyfish diversity of marine aquaculture pond in Liaodong Bay. This study used a standardized process of eDNA metabarcoding analysis, including water collection, water filtration, eDNA extraction, genetic marker amplification, sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. Results showed that all of 8 jellyfish species were detected from 7 sampling sites based on 18S rDNA, including 2 giant jellyfish species and 6 small jellyfish species. A total of 19 jellyfish species were detected from 7 sampling sites based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI) gene fragment, including 5 giant jellyfish species and 13 small jellyfish species. Only one species (Rhopilema esculentum) was the dominant species based on eDNA metabarcoding. Although eDNA metabarcoding cannot completely replace traditional methods, it can be used as a supplementary tool to efficiently assess and monitor jellyfish diversity and species distribution in the sea. Therefore, eDNA metabarcoding had the technological advantages and could be applied to identify jellyfish biodiversity and detect jellyfish species, and are helpful in early monitoring and warning for jellyfish species in aquatic ecosystems. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Intra- and Inter-Specific Variation in Edible Jellyfish Biomarkers and Implications for Origin Traceability and Authentication

With the continuous development of jellyfish fisheries and food products around the world, an effective traceability system has become increasingly prominent. This study provides insight into the origin traceability and authentication of two commercially important jellyfish species, flame jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum and Nomura’s jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai, while investigating the intra- and inter-specific variation in fatty acid (FA) profiles and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N). Results showed significant differences in FA profiles and isotopic values in fresh bell tissues between wild and farmed R. esculentum and among geographic origins, possibly due to different food sources, nutritional status, and energy costs that each group experiences at a given location. The linear discriminant analysis indicated that δ13C, δ15N, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C16:1n7, and C20:5n3 were suitable discriminatory variables with a high rate of correct classification for distinguishing origins of R. esculentum. In addition, inter-specific FA profiles/biomarkers, combined with isotopic values, suggests the variety of dietary sources and trophic positions of sympatric similar-sized R. esculentum and N. nomurai and the potential use of biomarkers, especially stable isotope analysis, for distinguishing sympatric jellyfish species. These results highlighted the complementarity of FA and stable isotope analyses and provide an alternative approach for improving the origin traceability and authenticity evaluation of untreated edible jellyfish. Furthermore, this study adds new information regarding the biochemical compositions of jellyfish species.

Jellyfish venom can induce apoptosis in fish by P53-inducible gene 3

Jellyfish venom can cause the mass mortality fish and induces apoptosis of many types of cells; therefore, we speculated that the venom might be able to induces apoptosis in fish. To further understand the mechanism, we cultured Larimichthys crocea with Rhopilema esculentum and performed transcriptome analysis of liver, heart, and kidney of the fish. According to KEGG analysis, we selected certain apoptosis-related pathways, such as the P53 signaling pathway and apoptosis, and analyzed the apoptosis-relatedrelated DEGs in these pathways in the three tissues using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. PIG3, CTSL, CytC, AP1 and Gadd45a were all upregulated in three tissues; whereas Mdm4 was downregulated in heart tissues. Then, we treated HEK 293 T cells with jellyfish venom and knocked down the expression of PIG3 and CTSL using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In cells treated with jellyfish venom, cell viability increased significantly after RNAi; P53 and CASP9 were upregulated, but the expression of CASP9 was much higher in the Control-RNAi group (without siRNA). PIG3 and BAX were downregulated in the PIG3-RNA+ (with PIG3 siRNA); CTSL and CYTC were upregulated, but BCL2 was downregulated in the Control-RNAi group. The protein levels of PIG3, CTSL, and CASP9 detected by western blotting showed similar trends to their mRNA expression levels. Thus, the results indicated that jellyfish venom could activate PIGs through the P53-PIG3 pathway to damage lysosomes, which released CTSL to affect mitochondria, leading to the apoptosis in fish. The data increases our understanding of the mechanism of apoptosis induced by jellyfish venom.