Rhizoctonia Solani Isolates Research Articles

Morpho-cultural and molecular variability in Rhizoctonia solani isolates from rice-vegetable cropping alluvial zone of West Bengal

Morpho-cultural and molecular variability in Rhizoctonia solani isolates from rice-vegetable cropping alluvial zone of West Bengal

Cultural and morphological variability among Rhizoctonia solani isolates from different districts of Karnataka

Sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (Teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk) is gaining devastating potential in India. The pathogen is reported to show variation in expression of symptoms on the genotypes grown in different locations. Twenty isolates from different districts of Karnataka were collected to examine the cultural and morphological variability. In the PDA culture, the isolates displayed a significant variation in colony characteristics, ranging from compact sparse to compact dense mycelial development and from white to brown in color. Variations in sclerotial production, distribution, abundance, and color were also noted, resulting in colonies that ranged in color from light brown to dark brown, along with central to scattered distribution, rough to smooth sclerotia. R. solani isolates from other districts may also have their biology examined using the same cultural and morphological criteria as were employed in this study.

Genetic variability and virulence of some Iranian Rhizoctonia solani isolates associated with stem canker and black scurf of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Genetic variability and virulence of some Iranian Rhizoctonia solani isolates associated with stem canker and black scurf of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Long-Term Fertilization Strategy Impacts Rhizoctonia solani-Microbe Interactions in Soil and Rhizosphere and Defense Responses in Lettuce.

The long-term effects of agricultural management such as different fertilization strategies on soil microbiota and soil suppressiveness against plant pathogens are crucial. Therefore, the suppressiveness of soils differing in fertilization history was assessed using two Rhizoctonia solani isolates and their respective host plants (lettuce, sugar beet) in pot experiments. Further, the effects of fertilization history and the pathogen R. solani AG1-IB on the bulk soil, root-associated soil and rhizosphere microbiota of lettuce were analyzed based on amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and ITS2 region. Organic fertilization history supported the spread of the soil-borne pathogens compared to long-term mineral fertilization. The fertilization strategy affected bacterial and fungal community composition in the root-associated soil and rhizosphere, respectively, but only the fungal community shifted in response to the inoculated pathogen. The potential plant-beneficial genus Talaromyces was enriched in the rhizosphere by organic fertilization and presence of the pathogen. Moreover, increased expression levels of defense-related genes in shoots of lettuce were observed in the soil with organic fertilization history, both in the absence and presence of the pathogen. This may reflect the enrichment of potential plant-beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere, but also pathogen infestation. However, enhanced defense responses resulted in retarded plant growth in the presence of R. solani (plant growth/defense tradeoff).

Baseline sensitivity of Rhizoctonia solani to four DMI fungicides.

A set of 78 Rhizoctonia solani isolates from Shanghai, China, were examined for their sensitivity in vitro to four demethylase inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, epoxiconazole, difenoconazole, hexaconazole, and tebuconazole, by the mycelial growth rate method. The isolates were very sensitive to the four DMI fungicides. The ranges and means of the EC50 values were 0.004-0.045 and 0.014 ± 0.007 μg ml-1 for epoxiconazole, 0-0.103 and 0.010 ± 0.016 μg ml-1 for difenoconazole, 0.001-0.078 and 0.011 ± 0.013 μg ml-1 for hexaconazole, and 0.001-0.210 and 0.034 ± 0.035 μg ml-1 for tebuconazole, respectively. The frequency distribution of the EC50 values showed a normal curve for epoxiconazole and an approximately unimodal curve for difenoconazole, hexaconazole, and tebuconazole. There was no correlation between the sensitivities of the R. solani population to any two of the four fungicides (r < 0.3). In field trials, in 2015 and 2016, the control efficacies of hexaconzole, epoxiconazole, and tebuconazole were >90.0% at 75 g.a.i. ha-1 , 80.0%-90.0% at 75 g.a.i. ha-1 and 80.0%-90.0% at 97 g.a.i. ha-1 , respectively; these values are significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those obtained in this study for difenoconazole (65.0%-70.0% at 80 g.a.i. ha-1 ) and jinggangmycin (68.0%-71.0% at 150 g.a.i. ha-1 ). These results show that sensitivity data can be used to monitor and detect any variations in the sensitivity of the R. solani population to these four DMI fungicides, and demonstrate that epoxiconazole, hexaconazole, and tebuconazole are likely to be good alternatives to jinggangmycin for controlling rice sheath blight.

In Vitro Evaluation of Bacterial Bioagents and Fungicides Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia Solani Isolates the Causal agent of Black Scurf Disease of Potato

The efficacy of two isolates of bacterial bioagents and two fungicides via, Rhizoctonia solani isolates were evaluated in vitro. In the dual culture assays, significance inhibition ratio of R. solani hyphal growth was obtained in all treatments of Pesudomonas fluoresnces and Bacillis subtilis compared to control. Also, Bacillus subtilis exhibit the highest significant suppression for the mycelial growth of R. solani isolates more than Pseudemonas fluorescens, and the ratios of inhibition differed according to the bioagents and R. solani isolates similar to those results in antifungal activity technique. The volatile metabolite studies revealed that in the first period (three days) inhibition percentage significantly differed according to the tested isolates of R. solani and the applied bioagents, B. subtilis gave the highest inhibition (57.41%) in R. solani isolate 3. Similarly in P. fluoresnces treatments, the highest inhibition was (57.41%) was detected in isolate 3 of R. solani considering that the second tested time period (five day inoculation). B. subtilis showed highest inhibition value on isolate 1, on the other hand P. flouresnce showed high value of inhibition on isolate 2, whereas the lowest inhibition values were produced on isolate 1.Non volatile activity both bacterial bioagents isolates showed different values of inhibition on R. solani isolates. On the other hand, Rezolex was most effective against R. solani at two concentrations (0.2 and 0.3), however Topsin-M showed fluctuate inhibition values at two concentration used (0.04% and 0.075%). Further incubation of plates showed suppressed the formation of sclerotia by all the antagonists tested. The results implied that the extent of inhibition by B. subtilis and P. fluoresnces rovides the use of excellent potential antagonists capable of controlling the R. solani in vitro.

Identification and expression analysis of pathogenicity-related genes of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis groups infecting rice.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02934-1.

Surveillance of Rhizoctonia solani in Meerut region of Uttar Pradesh

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is widely grown in the world and contributes significantly not only to food security but to nutritional security. It is a vegetable crop characterized by a shallow and superficial root system and has been shown to be a heavier nutrient feeder taking up nutrition until maturity. The underground portion of the stem has buds which give rise to lateral slender underground stems called Stolons. It is the Stolons which enlarge to form tubers.Four hundred seventy Rhizoctonia solani isolates from different leguminous hosts originating from 16 agro-ecological regions of India covering 21 states and 72 districts were collected. The disease incidence caused by R. solani varied from 6.8 to 22.2% in the areas surveyed. Deccan plateau and central highlands, hot sub-humid eco-region followed by northern plain and central highlands and hot semi-arid eco-region showed the highest disease incidence. R. solani isolates were highly variable in growth diameter, number, size and pattern of sclerotia formation as well as hyphal width.

Investigation of Mycoviral double-stranded (ds) RNA in Rhizoctonia solaniIsolates from Cotton in Aydin Province/Turkey

Pathogenic forms of Rhizoctonia solani are known to attack many species of higher plants from different families. It is one of the causal agent of the damping-off and root rot of cotton. Thecurrentdamping-offmanagementpracticesare not satisfactoryforpreventingyieldlosses in cottonproduction. Hypovirulence, causedbyparticularmycoviruse species, is used in the management of certain plant diseases. The existence of mycoviral dsRNAs in the isolates of R. solani has been previously determined in various countries. ThisstudyaimedtoinvestigatedsRNAcontent in thecottonisolates of R. solanicollectedfromAydin Province. In total, 64 R. solani isolates collected from cotton seedlings exhibiting light damping-off symptoms were subjected to dsRNA analysis. The dsRNA electrophoretic pattern with the size of 12-18 kb were detected in six R. solani isolates. The virulence of these six isolates were compared with a dsRNA-free isolate in apple assay. Two R. solani isolates having dsRNA content caused smaller lesions in the inoculation point on apple fruit, which may be the indication of hypovirulence.

A longitudinal study on morpho-genetic diversity of pathogenic Rhizoctonia solani from sugar beet and dry beans of western Nebraska

BackgroundRoot and stem rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a serious fungal disease of sugar beet and dry bean production in Nebraska. Rhizoctonia root rot and crown rot in sugar beet and dry bean have reduced the yield significantly and has also created problems in storage. The objective of this study was to analyze morpho-genetic diversity of 38 Rhizoctonia solani isolates from sugar beet and dry bean fields in western Nebraska collected over 10 years. Morphological features and ISSR-based DNA markers were used to study the morphogenetic diversity.ResultsFungal colonies were morphologically diverse in shapes, aerial hyphae formation, colony, and sclerotia color. Marker analysis using 19 polymorphic ISSR markers showed polymorphic bands ranged from 15 to 28 with molecular weight of 100 bp to 3 kb. Polymorphic loci ranged from 43.26–92.88%. Nei genetic distance within the population ranged from 0.03–0.09 and Shannon diversity index varied from 0.24–0.28. AMOVA analysis based on ΦPT values showed 87% variation within and 13% among the population with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Majority of the isolates from sugar beet showed nearby association within the population. A significant number of isolates showed similarity with isolates of both the crops suggesting their broad pathogenicity. Isolates were grouped into three different clusters in UPGMA based cluster analysis using marker information. Interestingly, there was no geographical correlation among the isolates. Principal component analysis showed randomized distribution of isolates from the same geographical origin. Identities of the isolates were confirmed by both ITS-rDNA sequences and pathogenicity tests.ConclusionIdentification and categorization of the pathogen will be helpful in designing integrated disease management guidelines for sugar beet and dry beans of mid western America.

Improvement of the Efficiency of the Fungicide Dithane M-45 By the Use of the Polysaccharide for the Control of Fungi Causing Damping off of Okra (Ablelmoschus Esculentus L)

Laboratory tests of three fungicides, dithane M-45 (mancozeb), captan 50 and rhizolexwith four concentrations each 0.0, 50, 100 and 200 mg active inegradient/l of Potato DextroseAgar (PDA) medium on the growth of fungi Macrophomina phasealina 2 isolates of Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agents of damping off and root rot ofokra, Dithane M-45 showed high inhibition (100%) effect for the mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi at 100 mg a.c/l PDA. Treating okra (Ablelmoschus esculentus) seeds (localcultivar) by various concentrations of dithane M-45 (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0) gm/kg seeds withthe microbial polysaccharide produced by the fungus Alternaria alternata or Arabic gum (5gm/l distilled water) was superior than the fungicide alone through all the treatments incausing significant decrease in % infection and disease severity of the seeding damping offdisease at conc. 3 gm/kg seeds with the polysaccharide which gave 4 %, 5.33 % and 0.07respectively and 8.7 %, 10.0 % and 0.15 with the arabic gum respectively. There were nosignificant differences noticed between the treatment of the seeds with the polysaccharidewith the arabic gum in reducing% infection and disease severity of the disease. Also, it causedsignificant increase in the length of shoot and root systems and dry weight of the plants whichreached 16.33 cm, 6.04 cm and 0.0204 gm at 3 gm/kg seeds with the polysaccharide and13.91 cm, 4,99 cm and 0.144 gm for arabic gum respectively as compared with the treatmentby the fungicide dithane M-45 alone (without sticking material) which gave 11.95 cm, 3.95cm and 0.124 gm respectively.

The cultural and morphological variability among Rhizoctonia solani isolates causing banded leaf and sheath blight of maize in Indonesia

Banded leaf and sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn has become a constraint on maize production in Indonesia. Forty-one isolates from 11 provinces in Indonesia were characterized based on cultural and morphological characteristics. Most isolates were characterized with sparse fluffy hyphae and pale yellow mycelium. They were categorized into two, three and four groups based on hyphal width, their growth rate and sclerotia production, respectively. The number of sclerotia was highly variable across different isolates. They were arranged in subcentral-peripheral, irregular, scattered, and peripheral manner on the Petri dish. The UPGMA analysis showed four major clusters, designated as cluster I, II, III, and IV at 0.75 similarity coefficient according to cultural and morphological characters. Cluster III was the largest cluster comprising 34 isolates; while cluster I, II, and IV comprised of four, one, and two isolate, respectively. Our results indicated that the cultural and morphological variability among R. solani isolates in Indonesia was not related to geographic origins.

The Biocontrol Ability Test of Trichoderma harzianum Toward Damping Off Desease On Soybean Seedlings

This study aims to determine the controlling power of Trichoderma harzianum against the activity of damping off pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani isolate Rs-Clkt-01) on soybean during the period of attack. The first phase of research is descriptive research that explains the potential of damping off pathogen attack isolated from pine seeds in forest land on soybean plant which is part of pine-based agroforestry system. The experimental research are arranged in complete randomized design using 5 kinds of seedlings inoculation treatment ie: without inoculation, inoculated by pathogens, inoculated by Trichoderma and 6 hours later inoculated by pathogens, inoculated by pathogens and 6 hours later inoculated by Trichoderma, inoculated by pathogens and Trichoderma simultaneously. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. For this research observed the damping off disease index. The observed data were analyzed using a variance test followed by a 5% HSD test to determine the differences between treatments. The results showed that T. harzianum is able to control the damping off pathogen both at 6 hours before and after and simultaneously inoculate with pathogens so as to suppress the disease index up to 5-10 (100) during the period of soybean cultivation. T. harzianum Tc-JJr-02 isolate can be used to control the damping off disease caused by R. solani in soybean cultivation.

Use of antigenic composition to differentiate among Rhizoctonia solani isolates from flax

Rhizoctonia solani is an plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. Double diffusion technique was used to differentiate among Rhizoctonia solani isolates from flax. In this technique, antisera of isolate 23 (AG-2) and isolate 24 (AG-4) reacted against antigens of 24 isolates belonging to AG-2 and Ag-4. The antiserum of isolate 23 (AG-2) was insensitive to differentiate among the isolates of AG-2, while it was highly sensitive to differentiate among some isolates of AG-4. The antiserum of isolate 24 (AG-4) was highly sensitive as a serotaxonomic tool to differentiate among AG-2 and AG-4, while it was of limited value in differentiating among isolates of within each AG.

First Report of Lily Root Rot Caused by Thanatephorus cucumeris AG 2-1 in the United States

A survey was undertaken on April 2016 to profile soilborne fungal pathogens causing root rot and lesions on lily (Lilium longiflorum) cv. Nellie White in Brookings, Curry County, Oregon. Diseased roots were either blackened or rotted. Sections of diseased roots including the epidermis were surface sterilized and placed on sterile water agar plates containing 100 μg/ml chloramphenicol. From the emerging mycelia, pure cultures were obtained by collecting hyphal tips and placing them on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Recently, we demonstrated the presence of pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, F. tricinctum, and Ceratobasidium sp. AG-I isolates in eight randomly selected fungal isolates from diseased roots of lilies (Lakshman et al. 2017). In this investigation, three additional fungal isolates showed four to six nuclei per cell under the microscope with lactophenol staining at 400× magnification. The hyphae were branched at right angles, and septa were present near the point of branching. The respective fungal isolates produced dark brown microsclerotia of 2 mm or less in diameter, mostly at the edge of PDA plates. Total DNA from each of the three cultures was PCR amplified with ITS1 and ITS4 ribosomal DNA (rDNA) primers (White et al. 1990) and cloned into a TOPO TA cloning vector (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Nucleotide sequences of a randomly chosen clone from each of the three isolates were 706 bp long and identical in sequence. Hence, all were assumed to have originated from a single haplotype and numerated as ELRF 11. The rDNA amplicon deposited in GeneBank (accession no. MF972486) showed 100% homology with the corresponding region of two isolates of Rhizoctonia solani (Teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris) anastomosis group (AG) 2-1 (gb|KP662692 and gb|JQ676881). For pathogenicity tests, 5-mm-diameter plugs from the margin of a 5-day-old culture were placed near the roots of axenically grown lily seedlings, two replicates per treatment and repeated two times, for 10 days at 22°C. Necrotic brown lesions appeared on the roots of such seedlings whereas control inoculation with only PDA plugs did not produce any symptoms on roots. Lactophenol staining and microscopy showed both inner and outer mycelia colonization on infected roots. Additionally, the ELRF 11 caused necrosis and rot upon inoculation of roots of diploid strawberry runners (Hawaii4 F7-3) and necrotic spots on detached leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa, N. benthamiana, and N. paniculata. The onset of necrotic symptoms on those plants occurred 4 to 7 days after inoculation. Fungus with identical morphology was reisolated from root lesions, thus proving Koch’s postulate. No fungus could be isolated from respective roots and leaves of control seedlings. AG 2-1 isolates are reported to be pathogenic on roots, bulbs, and leaves of various hosts, including strawberry and Nicotiana spp. (Yang and Li 2012). Furthermore, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of AG 2-1 were reported on bulbous crops in the Netherlands (Schneider et al. 1997). To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. cucumeris AG 2-1 causing root rot of lily in the field plots of Oregon or anywhere else in the United States. As various AGs may differ in sensitivity to fungicides and biocontrol agents (Amaradasa et al. 2014), a systematic survey of Rhizoctonia and other pathogens infecting lily under field conditions is required in order to develop effective disease management strategies.

Rhizoctonia Root Rot of Pepper (Capsicum annuum): Comparative Pathogenicity of Causal Agent and Biocontrol Attempt using Fungal and Bacterial Agents

Rhizoctoniaroot rot of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is becoming serious in Tunisia. Comparative pathogenicity tests performed for Rhizoctonia solani isolates recovered from pepper and potato showed that Rhiz.7 and Rhiz.4 were the most aggressive. They reduced by 53.5%-91.4% the aerial part fresh weight of inoculated cv. Baklouti plants relative to control. Rhiz.7 decreased by 81%-88% the root fresh weight on cvs. Beldi and Baklouti. Various fungal and bacterial agents were tested against R. solani. Dual culture trials showed that Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride and Glicladiumvirensgrew and sporulated profusely over R. solani colonies and altered its hyphae. Pseudomonas huttiensis 69, P. aureofaciens 31 and Burkholderiaglathei 35 reduced pathogen growth by 9.71-12.87%. These bio-agents were tested for their effects on rhizoctonia root rot disease and pepper growth. On cv. Beldi, pre-emergence damping-off, noted after 15 days, was suppressed by 55 (for G. virens), 45 (for T. viride) and 50% (for T. harzianum). This inhibition reached 57.14% using Bacillus pumilus 420 and P. putida 227. Tested on pepper cv. Altar, all tested fungi decreased by 40% post-emergence damping-off, and significantly increased the plant height of R. solani -inoculated and treated plants by 21.13 (for T. viride) to 36.34% (for T. harzianum) relative to control. P. aureofaciens 314 and P. putida 227 completely suppressed R. solani post-emergence expression. Treatments with P. aureofaciens 314, P. aureofaciens 31, Bacillus pumilus 420, P. fluorescens Pf and P. putida 227 induced a significant increase in their height compared to control. An improvement of the aerial part fresh weight by 54.54, 48.09 and 47.74%, as compared to control, was induced by P. aureofaciens 314, B. glathei 35 and P. huttiensis 69, respectively.

Mapping of quantitative trait loci for sheath blight resistance in rice

Sheath blight is a fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, major diseases of rice and severely impairs both yields and quality. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of the sheath blight resistant using SSR markers was conducted in RIL population derived from the cross Danteshwari and Dagad deshi. Sheath blight resistant in this population and parents was screened by inoculation of fungus Rhizoctonia solani isolate in field condition. The sheath blight disease index of RIL was continuously distributed, as expected for a quantitative trait. On the basis of disease evaluations, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for sheath blight resistance on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12. The QTL, (qSBR1–1) for individual lesion length (ILL) mapped on chromosome 1. Two other QTLs, (qSBR1–1) and (qSBR1–2) for individual lesion width (ILW) were mapped to closely linked markers RM5 and RM84, respectively. The major QTL, (qSBR4–1) for total lesion length (TLL), Total lesion area (TLA) and (qSBR5–1, qSBR5–2) for total lesion area (TLA) were mapped on chromosome 4 and 5, respectively. Similarly, QTL (qSBR9–1) was mapped for individual lesion area (ILA) on chromosome 9 and (qSBR12-1) for individual lesion width (ILW) on chromosome 12, respectively. There was many minor effect QTLs also identified on various chromosome. These major QTLs will be good candidates for marker-assisted selection programme and fine mapping could lead to identification of novel resistance alleles.

Detection the genetic relation between several fungal isolates by using a universal ITS primers

The goal of this study is to evaluate the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the rDNA to detect a phylogenetic relationshep based on PCR technique between four isolates of Trichoderma viride, Chaetumium elatum and tow isolates (pathogen and non-pathogen strains) of Rhizoctonia solani obtained from tomato plant rhizosphere, rice plant rhizosphere and root rotted tomato plants fields of Al-Najaf province, Iraq.Internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using a set of common universal primers for ITS1, ITS3 and ITS4 regions. Two of three different random primers examined (primers 3 and 4) reflected a specific amplicons within Rhizoctonia solani(1), Chaetumium elatum , and Trichoderma viride, while the primer 1 did not give any PCR end product with all of tested isolates, while Rhizoctonia solani(2) isolates did not revealed any band detected in PCR technique with all primers, also data showing a diferent degree of genetic similarity depanding on PCR data analysis using UVIBand softwear.Results of this study indicate that ITS set of primers can used to find a genetic relation between fungi.

In Vitro Symbiotic Culture Studies of Some Orchid Species

In this study, protocorm and shoot formation abilities of the seeds of Dactylorhiza iberica (Bieb. ex Willd.) Soo, Dactylorhiza umbrosa (Kar. and Kir.) Nevski and Orchis palustris Jacquin species in binucleic Rhizoctonia and Rhizoctonia solani isolates in vitro, which are used as symbiotic culture medium and isolated from the tubers of these plants, and in oat medium (OM) and modified oat medium (MOM) are examined. The shortest time for protocorm and shoot development of D. umbrosa sowed in oat media are determined as 42.67 and 66 days, respectively. The highest protocorm development rate and the least darkening protocorm percentage are observed as 60 % (OM) and 2.99 % (MOM) in D. umbrosa species. The maximum percentage of shoots obtained from protocorms is observed as 35.04 % in D. iberica species developed in OM. All data were obtained that the inoculation of binucleic Rhizoctonia sp. in the nutrient mediums.

DIVERSIDADE FÚNGICA EM SEMENTES DE FEIJÃO-FAVA

There is no comprehensive survey of the presence of fungi associated with lima bean seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fungal diversity of 34 samples of lima bean seeds, acquired with farmers and markets during the years 2014 and 2015 in the states of Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba and Piauí. Subsamples of 400 seeds were sterilized by soaking in 1% NaOCl solution for 3 minutes, followed by two washes in sterile distilled water, and dried at room temperature. Seeds were placed in Petri plates containing Potato Dextrose Agar, and incubated at 25 °C for seven days. Fungal identification was based on morphological markers, and its incidences were quantified. Isolates from the main phytopathogens were also identified by the amplification and sequencing of housekeeping genes. Samples presented variations in diversity and incidence, with the presence of 22 fungal genera. Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Curvularia sp. and Monilinia sp. corresponded to 63.76% of the colonies observed. Among the phytopathogens, isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina, Colletotrichum truncatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium udum and Fusarium oxysporum were identified by BLASTn analysis (99 to 100% DNA similarity) and phylogenetic analysis. C. truncatum and M. phaseolina presented the highest incidences (0.95% and 1.58%, respectively) among phytopathogens.