Rheological Parameters Research Articles

A Review of Rheological Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

The rheological properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete have a significant impact on engineering quality, and experimental characterization of the rheological properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete has significant engineering significance and scientific research value. By reviewing relevant literature both domestically and internationally, the article compares and analyzes the construction characteristics and applicable scope of commonly used concrete rheometers, and analyzes the influence of factors such as water cement ratio, mineral admixtures, aggregate properties, steel fiber properties, and additives on the rheological performance test results. The results show that there are significant differences in the test results using different rheometers, and the degree of influence of different factors on the rheological properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete is also different. This can provide reference for the selection of rheological performance testing methods and parameter control of steel fiber reinforced concrete.

REDUCING THE VISCOSITY OF THE OIL MIXTURE BY A ROTARY PULSE APPARATUS IN UKHTA — YAROSLAVL OIL PIPELINE

Physical methods of exposure can be used to improve the rheological characteristics of viscous, resinous oils, the transportation of which through main pipelines requires additional operating costs. The authors of this article evaluated the effectiveness of the method for improving oil rheology due to multifactorial effects (shear loads, high–amplitude pressure pulses, developed turbulence) on a sample of a mixture of oils of the Ukhta - Yaroslavl oil pipeline in a rotary pulse apparatus (RIA). The specific power consumption for processing an oil sample was 2.84 kWh/m3. The initial rheological and physico-chemical parameters of the studied oil are described, according to which it is characterized as heavy, viscous, highly resinous oil. The analysis of the flow curves showed that, by the nature of the flow, the sample of a mixture of oils from the Ukhta — Yaroslavl main oil pipeline belongs to Newtonian liquids. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the multifactorial effect on the oil sample implemented in RIA was carried out using dimensionless coefficients showing the ratio of dynamic viscosity, the specific power required to maintain the flow of oil in a rotary viscometer before and after physical exposure to oil, as well as the ratio of the change in the energy of thixotropy of oil to the energy spent on the processing process. The samples were processed in an RIA-based installation, in which pressure pulsations, developed turbulence, and large shear loads are generated in the liquid flow. When comparing the viscosity values of untreated and treated mixed oil in a rotary pulse apparatus, the dynamic viscosity measured at 20 °C decreased by 8 %. The component composition of the oil after processing in RIA has practically not changed. Measuring the viscosity of oil before processing and immediately after processing in RIA shows a decrease in viscosity by more than two times, since the temperature of the oil flow increases after passing through RIA by more than 10 °C. The increase in oil temperature during processing is due to large shear stresses during its flow in slit channels and in the gap between the rotor and stator due to the large amplitude of pressure pulsations and flow velocity.The relaxation time of the rheological parameters of the treated oil was seven days.

Interface dynamics in electroosmotic flow systems with non-Newtonian fluid frontiers

Abstract Microfluidic applications involving liquid manipulation, selective membranes, and energy harvesting strongly em-phasize the importance of the electrokinetic phenomenon, which is widely used at multiple fluid and electrochemi-cal interfaces. However, critical scientific issues that address multifield coupling and multiscale physics have not been well addressed in non-Newtonian fluids. In this paper, electrical field–fluid flow–ion transport coupling is numerically implemented in two mainstream problems, i.e., induced electroconvection phenomena at ion-selective interfaces and induced charge electroosmosis in polarized cylinders. The effects of different non-Newtonian rheo-logical properties, which are absent in Newtonian fluids, on the interfacial dynamics, instability and ion transport are examined. The results reveal that the non-Newtonian rheology significantly modulates the statistical data and interfacial phenomena. Generalized power-law fluids alter velocity and interfacial charge profiles, with shear thin-ning enhancing ion transport to lower overlimiting current thresholds and shear thickening broadening the limiting current region (with hindered ion transport). In Boger-type Oldroyd-B fluids, the addition of polymer decreases the velocity amplitude and increases the interface resistance. At low voltages, polymer viscoelasticity minimally affects the ohmic and limiting regions, but under convection-dominated flow, different rheological parameters, such as the viscosity ratio, Weissenberg number, anisotropic parameter, and electrohydrodynamic coupling con-stants, enable controllable regulation of ion transport behavior across a wide range. Finally, this paper states that modulated electroosmosis by complex charged polymers is the future cutting edge. The relevant results supple-ment the non-Newtonian physics of electrokinetic systems and provide guidance for the design and operation of microfluidic devices.

Experimental Study On Self-Compacting Concrete Mix Design By Using Yucca Zeolite

This report aims to present the experimental investigation on mix proportioning of normal concrete and self-compacting concrete with yucca zeolite. The study area comprises of ordinary portland cement of grade 53,mix proportioning of normal concrete for grade of concrete M40, M30 and M20 whereas mix proportioning for self-compacting concrete for grade of concrete M40, M30 ,M20.The parameters considered are cement content, Water cement ratio i.e. for normal concrete 0.4, 0.42, 0.45 and for self-compacting concrete 0.62, 0.44, 0.43 respectively. To reduce the risk of shrinkage, frost attack and corrosion of concrete, yucca zeolite as a mineral admixture and to increase the bond strength techno plast S 300 as a super plasticizer is added. The responses of material testing, normal concrete tests that includes slump flow test and compressive strength test recorded. Also, tests on self-compacting concrete recorded from slump flow test, J ring test, V funnel test, L box test, U box test, Rheological parameters, Compressive strength at 7 and 28 days. The various properties of SCC are ascertained with the IS code 1199:2018 [part 6] IS code 456:2000, IS code 10262:2019.

Effects of wheat gluten-soy protein ratios and moisture levels on high-moisture extruded meat analogues for burger patties.

In response to the growing demand for plant-based meat alternatives, this study explores the impact of incorporating wheat gluten (WG) into soy protein isolate (SPI) on both the proximate and functional properties of protein blends. The research also examines the effects of high moisture extrusion processing, varying feed moisture levels (60%, 65%, and 70%), and WG-SPI blends on extruder response, as well as the textural, rheological, and solubility characteristics of the resulting extruded meat analogues. Moreover, the prime objective was to gain insights into the impact of using HMMA made at different ratios and feed moisture levels on plant-based burgers. As the WG incorporation level increased in SPI, the RVA viscosity, water absorption, and oil absorption capacities, and foaming stability exhibited a decrease while foaming capacity increased. As feed moisture and WG incorporation levels in SPI increased, the system parameters, rheological, and textural parameters of high moisture extruded meat analogs decreased. WG25-SPI75 showed the highest degree of texturization or sulfide bonds, and its extruded meat analogues at 60% feed moisture level burger patties resemble a similar textural to a chicken burger patty. This study is pivotal in understanding how wheat gluten in SPIs and feeding moisture level influence the textural and rheology properties of HMMA.

Effect of temperature on transport index of fish oil-based drilling mud in high pressure high temperature well: a hybrid model approach

Diesel Oil-based drilling mud used in the oil and gas industry causes severe environmental and public health issues due to its high toxicity, especially in high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) wells. Therefore, easily biodegradable synthetic oil-based mud with high drilling performance is essential. Fish oil is a bio-oil known for its non-toxicity, high lubricity, thermal stability, and biodegradability. Effective hole cleaning is crucial for drilling performance and is ensured by the rheological properties of drilling mud. While rheological parameter prediction can be performed using an artificial neural network (ANN) based model, such models often fail to provide accurate predictions for unseen data. In contrast, empirical models are more robust and facilitate generalization. This study aims at assessment of the suitability of invert emulsion fish oil-based drilling mud (IEFOBDM) in HPHT wells through evaluation of hole cleaning performance (HCP) using a hybrid approach that combines an ANN with nonlinear regression (NLR) for temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 80 °C.Firstly, an ANN model was developed considering mud weight, temperature, and shear rate. Secondly, the NLR model was used in the prediction of rheological parameters, namely, Yield point (YP) and Plastic viscosity (PV), based on the predicted shear stress from the ANN model. Finally, the performance metrics of the ANN-NLR rheological model were evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R2) and comparison made with the Single ANN rheological model. The results showed the outperformance of ANN-NLR model over the ANN model for rheological parameter prediction, with R2 values of (0.99) for YP and (1) for PV. The predicted PV and YP values were then used for evaluation of transport index (TI) for HCP analysis. The effect of temperature on TI analysis showed this with increase in temperature, TI also increased, indicating the proposed mud providing good HCP under HPHT conditions.

DRILLING MUD THINNER BASED ON TECHNICAL LIGNOSULFONATES FROM WASTE OF CATALYST PRODUCTION

The article presents the results of research on obtaining liquid thinners for drilling muds from waste generated at one of the technological stages in the production of sulfocationic catalysts from technical lignosulfonates.During the production of heterogeneous sulfo-cationic sorbents and catalysts from technical lignosulfonates, acidic waters containing low-molecular-weight fractions of lignosulfonates, residues of hemicellulose hydrolysis products, water-soluble, and extractive substances are generated at the stage of washing off the residual acid. One of the ways to utilize the generated waste could be its further processing into new reagents. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop a formulation of a thinner based on the generated waste and study its effectiveness in typical drilling muds. A dry industrially produced lignosulfonate was used as a reference reagent.The possibilities of using the resulting liquid waste to obtain highly effective thinners for drilling muds based on lignosulfonates are shown. It is revealed that the resulting reagent reduces the rheological parameters of the drilling mud, is comparable in effectiveness to dry industrially produced lignosulfonate (0.5 % by weight and 1 % by weight), and is technologically easy to use. In fresh water solutions, the modified form of the reagent with the addition of oxyethylidenediphosphonic acid is more effective, while in mineralized solutions the unmodified form is more effective.

Psychophysical and Rheological Investigation of Toothpaste Tube Squeezability: A People-Centric Approach.

In this work, toothpaste tube squeezability was tested by three different methods: assessment by a human panel, a tactile glove, and several purely instrumental tests. The panelists characterized squeezability in terms of the acceptability of the product. The tactile glove was utilized to determine the maximum grip forces (GF) applied by the same panelists during their assessment. The instrumental tests consisted of emulative tests by a squeezing device and rheological tests. Along with commercial pastes, a series of samples were deliberately formulated and tested, and covered a wide range of squeezability rates of 0.07-2.31 cc/s. The study showed that it is possible to predict human sensory perception using either an emulative squeezing instrument or the rheological measurements of the pastes. The study also suggests that human perception of acceptable squeezability includes not only its low limit (pastes being hard to squeeze) but also its upper limit (pastes perceived as too runny) which may also be related to the inability of the paste to retain its shape on the brush. Based on this study consumer-acceptable ranges of rheological and squeezability parameters were defined. These results are expected to be useful, especially for oral/personal care product developers.

From Block to Shred: Understanding the Factors Influencing Shreddability of Mozzarella Cheese

Mozzarella cheese (MC) is widely used for pizza applications, and it is generally shredded either in conversion plants or in pizzerias. The shreddability of MC is influenced by a variety of factors and it is critical to understand how different Mozzarella cheese types and storage conditions (temperature and age) affect this property. Three batches each of 3 types of MC (low-moisture Mozzarella (LMM), low-moisture part-skim Mozzarella (LMPS), and reduced fat Mozzarella (RFM)) representing 3 different fat levels were procured directly from a commercial manufacturer and stored at 2 different temperatures (1.67 and 4.44°C) and evaluated for shreddability at 2- and 3-weeks storage. Shreddability parameters such as stiction (peak force) and work of grating were significantly affected (P <0.05) by fat content and storage time, while the weight of the shred obtained after each cycle was significantly affected (P <0.05) by fat content and storage temperature. Along with shreddability, other tests such as texture profile analysis (TPA), wire cutting, stretchability, and dynamic shear rheology (DSR) were performed to understand their relationship with shreddability. Textural parameters were significantly affected (P <0.05) by fat content and storage time while wire-cutting parameters were significantly affected by fat content, storage time, and temperature. Stretchability and dynamic shear rheology parameters were significantly affected by fat content followed by storage time and temperature. Further shreddability parameters such as stiction and work of shear had a positive significant correlation while the weight of shreds had a negative significant correlation with unmelt (TPA) and melt parameters (stretchability and DSR). Overall, fat content had the greatest effect on shreddability followed by storage time and temperature. Considering the high correlation of shreddability with other textural parameters, textural parameters can be used to predict shreddability of MC.

The influence of fine recycled asphalt pavement aggregates on the properties of self-compacting mortar in fresh and hardened state

Sustainable development is a contemporary concern in the field of asphalt pavements, as road construction consumes a significant amount of new aggregates. Furthermore, road maintenance necessitates the milling of old pavement layers, which generates a substantial quantity of bituminous material waste. This study explores the use of recycled sand from asphalt waste as a substitute for 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of natural sand in self-compacting mortar, aiming to achieve both sustainable and economical asphalt production. The differences in physical properties between natural sand (NS) and fine recycled asphalt pavement (FRAP) aggregates are analyzed and compared. The characteristics of the various self-compacting mortars are measured, including spread, flow time, as well as compressive and tensile strength, shrinkage and sorptivity. Compared to the control mortar, the mortars containing RPAS exhibit a rougher surface, additional pores, and more complex pore structures. The need for superplasticizers increases with the substitution rate, as do the rheological parameters. The results indicate that recycled mortar can be an alternative to natural sand, although this comes with negative impacts on the mechanical properties of the mortar. Nonetheless, these effects can be mitigated when considering their economic and environmental implications.

A Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Drilling Fluid Rheology on Cutting Migration in Horizontal Wells at Different Drilling Fluid Temperatures

In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in the exploration of deep to ultra-deep oil and gas reserves onshore in China. These conventional deep to ultra-deep reservoirs are typically buried at depths exceeding 4500 m, with bottom-hole temperatures surpassing 150 °C. The high temperatures at the bottom of the well are more likely to cause deterioration in drilling fluid properties, altering its rheological properties and reducing cutting transport efficiency, which can lead to wellbore cleaning issues. In this paper, the numerical simulation method is used to analyze the influence of cutting particle size, drilling fluid flow rate, drill pipe rotation speed, and drill pipe eccentricity on the annular cutting concentration under different wellbore drilling fluid temperature conditions. The results show that at the same cutting particle size, as the drilling fluid temperature increases, the cutting concentration in the annulus increases sharply. The increase is the largest when the particle size is 3 mm, and when the drilling fluid temperature is 220 °C, the cutting concentration increases by 79.7% compared to at 200 °C and by 279% compared to at 180 °C. When the flow rate increases from 0.5 m/s to 1.0 m/s, the annular cutting concentration at drilling fluid temperatures of 220 °C and 200 °C decreases by 70.5% and 50.4%, respectively. The higher the drilling fluid temperature, the better the cutting removal effect when increasing the drill pipe rotation speed. However, when the rotation speed exceeds 120 rpm, the change in cutting concentration with increasing rotation speed becomes insignificant. When the drill pipe eccentricity is small, an increase in drilling fluid temperature leads to a significant rise in annular cutting concentration. However, when the drill pipe eccentricity is large, changes in drilling fluid temperature have a smaller impact on cutting concentration. The research findings can provide engineering guidance and theoretical support for the design of drilling fluid hydraulic parameters for cutting transport and rheological parameters in high-temperature wellbores.

Comparative study on the performance of fresh concrete comprising manufactured sand vs. river sand during full-scale long-distance pumping

The shift from river sand (RS) to manufactured sand (MS) as a fine aggregate in concrete is driven by environmental sustainability concerns. However, negative impacts of MS on concrete workability have raised doubts about its suitability for long-distance pumping in construction projects. This study evaluates the performance of MS concrete compared to RS concrete of the same strength grade during long-distance pumping. A full-scale coiled pipeline with measured length of 348 m was built, twelve batches of C30 and C60 concrete were prepared, and pumping tests were conducted at discharge rates of 2.5–18.9 liter per second (L/s). The workability and rheological parameters were assessed before and after pumping. The measured and predicted pumping pressure were analyzed and calculated based on rheological parameters and lubricating layer (LL) parameters. Results indicate that MS increased the yield stress and decreased the LL thickness index of C30 concrete, while it decreased the viscosity coefficient of C60 concrete. Post-pumping, the change in yield stress was similar for both MS and RS concrete, but MS reduced the plastic viscosity change in C60 concrete. MS did not significantly affect the pumping pressure loss, but influenced the pumping pressure prediction deviation by influencing the thixotropy. The classic pumping pressure prediction model developed by Kapan obviously overestimated the pumping pressure during long-distance pumping, and the deviation was more prominent in high-strength concrete pumping. MS increased the thixotropy of C30 concrete and reduced the prediction deviation of pumping pressure, but had the opposite effect on C60 concrete.

Relationship between rheological parameters and structure formation in high moisture extrusion of plant protein biopolymers

High moisture extrusion (HME) is widely employed to texturize plant-derived protein ingredients, but its development is still much based on trial and error. In this project, it was hypothesized that the rheological properties of plant-based mixtures analyzed when in the molten state and during their cooling can aid in understanding their structure formation. To test this hypothesis, biopolymer formulations containing pea protein isolate (PPI) were examined at different moisture and starch contents, and their rheological properties were analyzed using a closed cavity rheometer (CCR) at temperatures relevant to those applied during HME processing. The results obtained with the CCR were then contrasted with the mechanical properties of HME obtained using a lab scale extruder, measured using oscillatory rheology, large deformation, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Low moisture (55 %) HMEs were stiff and brittle, while high moisture (65 %) HMEs formed more flexible and anisotropic structures. Addition of starch created softer structures. The viscoelastic properties of the biopolymer mixes measured with the CCR were correlated with the mechanical parameters of the final extrudates. Strong correlations were found between small deformation rheological parameters measured in the CCR and the hardness values, while non-linear viscoelastic parameters were correlated with anisotropy indexes. Results demonstrated that the material properties measured at the early cooling stages strongly influence the structural heterogeneity in HMEs. This study highlights the potential to use the viscoelastic properties of the biopolymer mix measured with the CCR to predict their structural features when processed by extrusion.

Effect of olive leaf extract on the quality of Cantal cheese

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of olive leaf extract (OLE) on the quality of Cantal cheese. The cheeses were fortified with different concentrations (Control, 1, 2, and 3 %) of OLE and analysed for quality during storage. The cheeses were evaluated on days 1, 28, and 63 for physicochemical, compositional, textural, rheological parameters, colour, microbiological analysis, and antioxidant activity. The MIR and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to study the changes in the cheese structure. A positive impact of OLE was observed on the antioxidant capacity. A mild inhibitory effect was observed against some beneficial bacteria (such as Lactococcus and Lactobacillus), while a strong inhibitory effect was found against pathogen microorganisms. No negative impact was found on the texture and chemical composition. Significant colour and structural changes were observed. The results indicate the potential of OLE to be used as bioactive ingredient to improve the quality of cheese.

Effect of lubricants type and particle size on the rheological properties and aerosolization behavior of dry powder inhalers

A commonly used strategy to improve aerosolization behavior of carrier-based dry powder inhalers (DPIs) is the addition of magnesium stearate as a lubricant, yet it may also negatively affect properties of DPIs. Thus, the aim of this study was to find lubricants that could be used as alternatives of magnesium stearate and meanwhile verify the applicability of using powder rheological properties to predict the performance of different lubricants in DPIs. Here, using fluticasone propionate as a model drug, LH200 as the carrier, influence of lubricants type and particle size, including magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, Leucine, sodium stearate fumarate, Compritol® 888 ATO, and Compritol® HD5 ATO, on the physicochemical properties, powder rheology and aerosolization behavior of the DPI formulations was characterized. Further, the relationship between powder rheological parameters and in-vitro drug deposition parameter, fine particle fraction (FPF), were explored, and the contribution of powder flowability and adhesion was evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that magnesium stearate, sodium stearate and smaller sized leucine significantly reduced the basic flowability energy, aeration energy and Permeability of the DPI formulations, leading to improved aerosolization behavior. A robust linear correlation was established between rheological parameters and FPF. PCA showed that in lubricants containing formulations, the contribution of flowability (74.69%) was greater than that of adhesion (25.31%). In conclusion, sodium stearate and smaller particle size Leucine can be considered as substitutes of magnesium stearate in DPI formulations.

Understanding the time-dependent rheological behavior of seawater mixed cement paste with fly ash

Due to the relative scarcity of freshwater resources in coastal regions, the use of seawater in concrete construction has great potential due to its benefits in cost and resource. To further advance the application of seawater concrete, a deeper understanding of its rheological properties is essential. This study investigates the effects of fly ash on the time-dependent rheological behavior of seawater cementitious paste, such as yield stress, plastic viscosity, and structural build-up rate. The underlying mechanisms are analyzed using the theories of water film thickness (WFT), ion concentration, and hydration heat. The research findings confirm that the rheological parameters of seawater paste are generally higher than those of deionized water paste, regardless of the cementitious compositions. As fly ash content increases, the plastic viscosity of seawater paste increase, while the fluidity and dynamic yield stress decreases. Further analysis reveals that the decrease in the yield stress with fly ash content is well related to the increase in the WFT, but it cannot sufficiently explain the change of yield stress over time. Instead, the amount of hydration products in seawater paste shows a linear increasing relationship with the dynamic yield stress at 65 min. By contrast, the plastic viscosity can be related to the ion concentration in the interstitial solution, wherein an increase in the concentration of Ca2+ corresponds to an increase in the plastic viscosity. Moreover, the rheological parameters increase over time, with the growth rates between 5 and 35 minutes being higher than those between 35 and 65 minutes, possibly due to the rapid early hydration of the binder materials. This study offers a fundamental theoretical support for the use of seawater in various concrete applications.

Study on the Flow Characteristics of Non-Newtonian Drilling Fluid Through Vibrating Screen Meshes

Summary Composite screens are a critical component of drilling fluid shale shakers, and their performance directly affects the recovery efficiency of drilling fluid. This study focuses on the composite screens of shale shakers and simulates the flow of non-Newtonian drilling fluids through different structures of composite screens to investigate the impact of drilling fluid rheological parameters and screen compositions on screening performance. The research results indicate that the flow velocity of the drilling fluid is the highest while passing through the lower screen, and the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is at its maximum in the lower screen area, where energy dissipation is also the greatest. An increase in the rheological parameters of the four-parameter model drilling fluid generally increases the difficulty of passing through the screen, with the flow behavior index and viscosity coefficient having a particularly significant impact on the pressure drop coefficient. Compared with the plain composite screen, the herringbone composite screen and plain patterned composite screen have lower pressure drop coefficients, with the herringbone composite screen demonstrating the best screening performance. These findings provide theoretical references for flow analysis and structural optimization of shale shaker screens in drilling fluid applications.

Influence of micromorphology and water content on the rheological properties and performance evaluation model of loess mudflow

Evaluation of the rheological characteristics of loess mudflow is of great significance to ecological environment protection (by loess, we mean a wind-blown Quaternary silt deposit), and geological disaster assessment in the Loess Plateau of China. Rheological characteristics of rheology for loess mudflow are highly variable due to heterogeneity in particle micromorphology and water content, and current rheological models struggle to reconcile the structural dynamics with the equilibrium behavior of soil at different concentrations and microstructures. A rheological study of loess mudflow for five regions on the Loess Plateau was carried out in this investigation, and the results showed that loess transformed from a solid-like stage to a liquid-like stage under steady loads and exhibited significant shear thinning characteristics and shear rate dependence, in which the shear rate less than 2 s−1 was the main region of loess strength attenuation and the maximum yield stress is about 1411 Pa. A smaller water content and more complex particle micromorphology led to a higher yield stress, but there was no significant correlation between flow index and particle shape and water content. Additional structural dynamics and particle fractal theory were then introduced, providing an improved model that could reconcile the structural dynamics and particle micromorphology of loess with its equilibrium behavior at different water contents and shear stresses. All the test data were distributed around a dimensionless master curve. Considering the difficulty of obtaining rheological parameters, an evaluation criterion containing three levels (clay-rich, silt-rich, and sand-rich) for the evaluation of the rheological properties of loess mudflow was proposed, which can reconcile the test results and models under different working conditions. Such an evaluation criterion can also be applied to soils of other textures, providing a straightforward manner to determine the relevant rheological parameters. The research results provide a theoretical basis for ecological environmental protection and geological disaster assessment in the Loess Plateau region based on rheological characteristics.

Additive manufacturing of oriented chopped carbon fiber reinforced mullite refractory via extrusion-based technique- Effects of slurry rheological behavior and 3D printing parameters

Additive manufacturing of oriented chopped carbon fiber reinforced mullite refractory via extrusion-based technique- Effects of slurry rheological behavior and 3D printing parameters

Effects of fluid properties on coarse particles transport in vertical pipe

The mineral resources in deep-seabed are attracting extensive attention. A numerical simulation of particle transport in a vertical pipe for a deep-sea mining system is conducted using the CFD-DEM method. The effects of fluid density, fluid viscosity and rheological parameters of non-Newtonian fluids on the liquid-solid flow behavior in a vertical pipe are investigated. For Newtonian fluids, increasing the density or viscosity enhances the particles' performance in following the fluid and reduces the slip velocity, but also increases the pressure drop. The efficient lifting of particles can be facilitated by adjusting fluid density and viscosity, while considering factors such as energy consumption. For non-Newtonian fluids, an increase in either the flow behavior index n or the consistency coefficient k results in an increase in the fluid's apparent viscosity. This leads to an increase in the particle suspension capacity and local particle velocity, along with a decrease in local particle concentration.