We investigated the phylogenetic relationships among species of Vietnamese tree frogs in the genus Rhacophorus and their allies from China and Malaysia based on 434-bp partial sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Rhacophorus forms a monophyletic group containing two clades, within each of which the phylogenetic relationships are unresolved. Rhacophorus robertingeri is closer to R. orlovi than to R. calcaneus . Rhacophorus exechopygus and R. annamensis are sister species, while R. vampyrus is very remote from all other species studied. Rhacophorus duboisi forms a substantially supported clade with R. puerensis and is considered a member of the R. dugritei group. Rhacophorus pingbianensis is very close to R. omeimontis , whereas R. rhodopus is not monophyletic, with Yunnan samples not conspecific with R. rhodopus from Vietnam, but are possibly conspecific with Malaysian R. bipunctatus . Further studies both from morphology and molecular phylogeny based on many samples from their whole distribution range are necessary.
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