RGB Tricolor Research Articles

RGB Tricolor and Multimodal Dynamic Optical Information Encryption and Decoding for Anti-Counterfeiting Applications.

Conventional optical anti-counterfeiting strategies are based on the single-color emission, which are easily deciphered and thus greatly limited in the application of information security. Herein, a multimodal dynamic optical information coding with red, green, and blue (RGB) tricolors has been developed by photoluminescence (PL), persistent luminescence (PersL), thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL), and thermally stimulated persistent luminescence (TSPL). The BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ phosphors with a blue emission peak at 494 nm were used as the crucial blue optical information coding material and exhibited the distinctive response properties to light, heat, and force stimuli with intrinsic trap depths of 0.674 and 0.82 eV. More importantly, by combining the red Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+,Dy3+ and green SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+,Dy3+ nitride phosphors, a RGB tricolor and multimodal strategy has been successfully developed for anti-counterfeiting applications. The "RGB tricolor flower" with RGB emissions is given as a typical example to achieve the dynamic display of optical information encryption and decoding through the various PL, PersL, TSL, and TSPL modes. Finally, the traditional quick response (QR) code mechanism has been integrated into the design of multi-information encrypted RGB tricolor anti-counterfeiting devices with different identifiabilities of the encrypted information in natural light, PL, PersL, TSL, and TSPL modes. The laminated layers of RGB QR code patterns containing different specific information, such as "DLPU" and "116034", can be effectively recognized in the corresponding modes. The design strategy of RGB tricolor and multimodal optical information encryption and decoding devices in this work greatly improves the security level of advanced optical information technologies and extends the potential applications in dynamic anti-counterfeiting fields.

Grayscale imbalance correcting method based on fringe normalization in RGB tricolor real-time three-dimensional measurement

In real-time phase measuring profilometry based on color-encoded sinusoidal three-step phase-shifting algorithm, three frames of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) individual channel color-encoded sinusoidal gratings with an equivalent shifting phase of 2π/3 are combined to be a color fringe pattern. While this color fringe pattern is projected onto the measured object rapidly and sequentially by a special digital light projector, a high-speed monochrome camera synchronized with the projector signal is used to capture the corresponding deformed patterns in R, G, and B channels. Due to the monochrome camera’s different sensitivity to R, G, and B light, there will be a grayscale imbalance among the captured phase-shifting deformed patterns from R, G, and B channels. So, a grayscale imbalance correcting method based on fringe normalization is proposed. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The three-dimensional (3-D) shape information can be obtained in real-time. It is suitable for real-time 3-D measurement.

Design and ARM-Embedded Implementation of a Chaotic Map-Based Real-Time Secure Video Communication System

A systematic methodology is proposed for a chaotic map-based real-time video encryption and decryption system with advanced Reduced Instruction Set Computer machine (ARM)-embedded hardware implementation. According to the anticontrol principle of dynamical systems, first, an 8-D discrete-time chaotic map-based system is constructed, which possesses the required property of 1-1 surjection in the integer range $[{0,\,N-1}]$ , where $N$ is the number of frame pixels, suitable for position scrambling of each video frame. Then, an 8-D discrete-time hyperchaotic system is designed for encryption–decryption of red, green, and blue (RGB) tricolor pixel values. Using the ARM-embedded platform super4412 model with Cortex-A9 processor, together with the standard QT cross-platform, an integrated chaotic map-based real-time secure video communication system is designed, implemented, and evaluated. In addition, the security performance of the designed system is tested using criteria from the National Institute of Standards and Technology statistical test suite. The main feature of this method is that, both scrambling–antiscrambling of RGB tricolor pixel positions and encryption–decryption of pixel values are realized simultaneously for enhancing the security. As is well known, compared with numerical simulations, hardware implementation for such a secure video communication system is very difficult to achieve, but we successfully implemented and tested in a real-world network environment. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results validate the feasibility and real-time performance of the new secure video communication system.

Study on Preparation of RGB Tricolor Up-Conversion Fluorescent Powder

For producing RGB tricolor luminescence, three kinds of components of rare-earth ions is chosen, which are Er3+doping, Er3+-Yb3+co-doping and Tm3+-Yb3+co-doping, respectively. Three kinds of rare-earth doped up-conversion fluoride material are prepared based on high temperature solid-state method. Under being excited by 980nm laser, three materials emit red, green and blue light, whose peak wavelengths are 660nm, 550nm and 480nm, respectively. Through analysis of luminescence process, it can be concluded that red and green luminescence are belong to two-photon absorption transversion, and blue luminescence is three-photon absorption transversion.

Partially crosslinked P(SMA-DMA-St) copolymerin situmodified RGB tricolor pigment particles for chromatic electrophoretic display

RGB tricolor organic pigments were in situ modified by stearyl methacrylate-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-styrene random copolymer [P(SMA-DMA-St)] through solution polymerization. The modified particles were charged in tetrachloroethylene (TCE) with the aid of suitable charge control agent. The structure and electrophoretic property of ink particles were characterized by FTIR, TEM, PALS, et al. P(SMA-DMA-St) modification decreased the particles size and enhanced the suspending stability of the pigments in tetrachloroethylene due to the repulsive forces among the treated pigment particles resulting from the extending polyacrylate chain in the media. Partial crosslinking the P(SMA-DMA-St) on the pigment surface with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) helped to increase the Zeta potential and electrophoresis mobility of RGB electrophoretic particles. The maximum values of the Zeta potential for red, green, and blue electrophoretic particles reached −36.2, −57.7, and −42.7 mV, respectively. The obtained RGB electrophoretic particles could be applied in the color/white dual-particle electronic ink together with charged TiO2 to show vivid color and white images under a DC electric field. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

Design of real-time spectrum analysis applying DPX

It is important to grasp the spectrum's state within a period of time in electronic reconnaissance of mod-ern times.Digital phosphor technology(DPX) is a recent crucial innovation of real-time spectrum analysis technology.It can show the spectrum's state of a period of time intuitively by images and highly enhances the capability of capturing and observing signals and it can be applied to radar reconnaissance appropriately.To apply the DPX,the keystone of the DPX was introduced,the structure of the system was designed,and the hardware was put into execution.To color the DPX im-ages,this paper bringed forward a new method of pseudo-coloring coding based on RGB tricolor which named "take bit from binary number"(TBFBN).The results of practice have shown that the technology of DPX can show the sate of spec-trum directly and the method of pseudo-coloring of this paper boosted up the effect of DPX display and improved the abil-ity of observing and resolving power.

Pigment-based tricolor ink particles via mini-emulsion polymerization for chromatic electrophoretic displays

The identification of chromatic ink particles with characteristics of good light stability, bright color, narrow distribution and high surface charge density is important. In this paper, the preparation of pigment-based RGB tricolor ink particles via mini-emulsion polymerization is reported. Narrow distributed pigment-based ink particles are obtained with the assistance of sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate. Their large surface charge quantity is confirmed by zeta potential values in the range of −40–−50 mV. The hues of all the ink particles are consistent with their corresponding pigments after coating with polystyrene, according to the diffuse reflectance spectra measurements. In the artificial accelerated aging test (UV radiation exposure for 56 h), the as-prepared samples present good UV light durability, especially compared with the current dye-based ink particles. Finally, a chromatic electrophoretic display cell consisting of tricolor subunits is successfully fabricated using dispersions of RGB ink particles in a mixed dielectric solvent with white particles as contrast.

Tricolor luminescence in rare earth doped CaZrO 3 perovskite oxides

Intense tricolor photoluminescence under ultraviolet excitation was observed from Eu–Mg codoped CaZrO 3 and Tb–Mg codoped CaZrO 3. The RGB tricolor was obtained from a single host lattice of perovskite-type CaZrO 3 by just varying a doped rare earth ion and its concentration. Red luminescence was observed in Eu–Mg codoped CaZrO 3, and green and blue luminescence was observed in Tb–Mg codoped CaZrO 3. The color of the luminescence in Tb–Mg codoped CaZrO 3 changed with Tb concentration due to the cross relaxation in Tb ions; green color was seen at high concentration and blue color at low concentration. In comparison with other perovskite host lattices, these zirconates showed more intense luminescence than hafnates and stannates. In addition, Mg codoping with the rare earth ions markedly increased the luminescence intensity. It is considered that the intense luminescence in the zirconates is attributed to the large crystal structural distortion of CaZrO 3 and the local lattice distortion around the rare earth ions enhanced by Mg substitution at Ca sites.

Research of tricolor microcavity top-emitting organic light-emitting devices with white emitting layer

RGB pixel generation by microcavity top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TOLEDs) is beneficial to both the reduction of the light loss and the improving the color purity and efficiency. Based on the multi-emitting layers, white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and microcavity TOLEDs were prepared. TOLEDs were made using Ag/ITO as the reflector and adjusting layer, Al/Ag as the semi-transparent cathode, and Alq：DCJTB/TBADN：TBPe/Alq：C545 as white light emitting layer. By adjusting the thickness of ITO, optical length of cavity the colour of the device can be changed, so the RGB tricolor devices are obtained. The peak wavelengths are 476，539 and 601nm, the commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates are (0.133，0.201)，(0.335，0.567) and (0.513，0.360), and the FWHM are 32，50 and 73nm for Blue, Green and Red，respectively.

RGB tricolor produced by white-based top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes with microcavity structure

Abstract RGB pixels by microcavity top-emitting organic light-emitting diode (TOLED) is beneficial to both minimizing the loss of light and improving the color purity and the efficiency. Based on the multi-emitting layers, white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and microcavity TOLEDs were prepared. TOLEDs were fabricated using Ag/ITO as the reflector and adjusting layer, Al/Ag as semi-transparent cathode, Alq:DCJTB/TBADN:TBPe/Alq:C545 as white light emitting layer. By adjusting the thickness of ITO, optical length of cavity and the color of the device have been changed. So we get RGB tricolor devices. The peak wavelengths are 476 nm, 539 nm, 601 nm, Commission Internationale d’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates are (0.133, 0.201), (0.335, 0.567), (0.513, 0.360), FWHM are 32 nm, 50 nm, 73 nm for blue, green and red, respectively.