RFID Reader System Research Articles

Hybrid RFID Based Batteryless Seat Sensor With Discontinuous RF Transmission

In this paper, a hybrid RFID tag and reader system is proposed for wireless and batteryless automotive sensors. The hybrid RFID tag operates in dual mode, which includes conventional RFID operation, and tag active transmission. The reader provides the carrier in conventional RFID communication, using which the tag performs backscatter modulation. In tag active transmit mode, the reader does not provide any carrier, and the tag synthesizes its own carrier for communication. The hybrid tag can communicate with the reader for a range of 21 in. A commercial seat belt sensor was integrated with the tag and a working prototype of the complete system was demonstrated. Time response is a critical parameter for the whole system to work coherently and hence the operational states were modeled for time estimation and address the key parameters. Individual subsystems within the tag and reader circuits are presented in detail to capture the complete system. The proposed system can reduce the effective on-time of the reader significantly and the analysis shows that the reader transmit time can be reduced as much as 90% compared to the conventional RFID reader. The system was validated by designing, fabricating, and testing of the tag and reader circuits within a lab environment.

Design and Implementation of a Low‐Cost Universal RFID Wireless Logistics Terminal in the Process of Logistics Traceability

The logistics traceability system can cover the whole process of the product from the source of production to the consumption cycle. By distinguishing the key nodes of the product in the logistics sales process, the data information of the production and storage of the corresponding product is collected and entered at the corresponding node, so that the entire process is visible and controllable. On the basis of determining the overall system plan, this paper designs and develops the UHF RFID reader system and traceability system platform. In terms of the reader system, by analyzing its core functions and performance index requirements, the overall design scheme and frame structure of the reader system’s software and hardware are determined. The main control circuit is based on the STM32F103RET6 single‐chip microcomputer; the RF transceiver circuit is based on the MagicRF M100. Simultaneously, we design a variety of communication circuits including LoRa and RJ45 to facilitate wireless communication with the traceability platform. In terms of software, through the research and analysis of the EPC Class‐1 Generation‐2 protocol standard, the multitag anticollision algorithm—Q algorithm—is adopted. This algorithm has the advantages of high recognition efficiency and a large number of successfully recognized tags per unit time. According to the design plan, the system is wirelessly networked in the B/S mode and the product information collected through RFID technology is transmitted to the management level to dynamically understand the information dynamics of logistics in real time. Using radio frequency, computer network, communication, and other technologies, the hardware and software systems of the system are integrated. The performance indicators of the hardware system are tested through experiments, and the design indicators are compared to prove the feasibility of the equipment application. After setting up the local area network and configuring the server configuration, the traceability system was accessed and the verification of the basic functions of the system was completed. The test results show that the low‐cost universal RFID wireless logistics terminal has high accuracy and real‐time performance in the process of logistics traceability.

A compact miniature fractal planar antenna for RFID readers

<p>This article presents a new miniature microstrip antenna in the ISM "Industrial Scientific and Medical" band, at 2.45 GHz. This microstrip antenna is designed for RFID reader system, by exploiting the fractal technique and the CPW fed; this antenna is printed on FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4. The validated antenna has a good matching input impedance range from 2.27 GHz to 2.68 GHz with a stable radiation pattern, a gain of 2.2 dBi, and a directivity of 1.91 dB. The total area of the final circuit is 21.22 x 32.05 mm2. A prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured.</p>

A Miniature L-slot Microstrip Printed Antenna for RFID

This work presents a miniature microstrip antenna at 2.45 GHz by using the slots technique. This microstrip antenna is fed by a CPW technique and designed for RFID reader system on FR4 substrate. A size reduction equal to 66.6% has been obtained compared to the conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The total area of the final circuit is 19x31 mm2. The validated antenna has good matching input impedance with a stable radiation pattern, a loss return of -40 dB, and a gain of 1.78 dBi, a prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured.

Flexible circuits and materials for large-area UHF RFID reader antenna systems

RF electronics commonly incorporate PCB materials with low loss tangents, which limits its use for large-area applications due to its high cost. This work verifies one alternative solution how non-conventional flexible circuit materials can be used to manufacture large functional surfaces for RF-based applications. Laminated Al foils are used for conducting layers and a flexible foam material is used for substrate. An RFID reader system has been developed to demonstrate the functionality, comprising of eight microstrip antenna elements arranged in a SP4T switching structure covering an area of 1.2 m × 0.6 m. Each antenna element is individually addressable with aid of distributed digital and analogue multiplexer circuitry and it is shown how these components can be soldered directly onto the Al conductors. The constructed system shows good RF performance, both with regards to the materials and to the interconnections with the distributed multiplexer circuitry. It can perform far-field RFID tag reading above its surface without dead zones and the system characterization implies that the concept can be further expanded to cover geometrical areas up to 1000 square meters.

Dual-Band RFID Antenna for 0.92 GHz Near-Field and 2.45 GHz Far-Field Applications

A novel antenna used in the near field of a 0.92 GHz and the far field of a 2.45 GHz RFID reader system is investigated. The new antenna achieves strong magnetic field distribution over 0.92 GHz with good performance of detecting tags when applied in FCC RFID systems, as well as a good performance of circular polarization at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, the investigation shows the operation principle by circuit models and the advantages of the structure in terms of the operation frequency and field performances. The advantages of these two bands could be achieved by this novel RFID reader antenna.

System design considerations of universal UHF RFID reader transceiver ICS

This paper describes the architecture, system analysis and implementation of world-wide regulation compliant UHF RFID reader transceiver for ISO 18000-6 multi-class tags in the ISM band 860 MHz-960 MHz. The presented considerations are based on a system analysis providing evaluation of the transceiver?s building blocks parameters in accordance with the required characteristics of a complete RFID reader system, read range, data transmission rate, reading speed and power consumption. The Phase Noise, Noise Figure, Sensitivity, P1dB, Dynamic Range are estimated for the design of a custom ?system-in-package? transceiver, implemented in LTCC-module. Based on the direct-conversion architecture, the reader transceiver integrates RF-blocks, frequency synthesizer, modulation and demodulation functions, low frequency analog baseband. The receiver sensitivity is down to -85 dBm, the transmitter produces output power of +17 dBm.

Development of RFID Reader System Based on Android

For the museum artifacts management,designs a Android RFID reader, based on ARM and ImpinjR2000. This paper provides the main hardware’s circuit design, and RFID reader application software design’s process.

The Design of Passive RFID Reader System Based on MF RC500

RFID is a technology that uses radio frequency signals coupled to the space (alternating magnetic or electromagnetic), to achieve the purpose of non-contact transfer of information and automatic identification. In this paper, RFID reader system is designed based on the MF RC500. Compared with the automatic identification technology such as the barcodes, magnetic cards and IC cards, The RFID reader has many outstanding advantages: firstly, it is safe and suitable for high security terminal. The second, a plurality of electronic tags can be recognized simultaneously. The third, there is no mechanical wear. The fourth, it is convenient to use with non-contact operation and without human intervention when identifying.

A Lumped-Element Directional Coupler With High Isolation for Mobile RFID Reader

A lumped-element directional coupler with a high isolation characteristic for mobile RFID reader systems is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Compared with the conventional lumped-element circuit, the proposed structure utilizes compensation capacitors and achieves a very high isolation despite low quality factor on-chip inductors. It was fabricated on a high-resistivity silicon substrate and showed an isolation of 79 dB, a coupling level of 14.8 dB, and an insertion loss of 1.74 dB at 910 MHz.

삼변·삼각 측량 협업을 이용한 홈 웰니스 로봇의 자기위치인식에 관한 연구

본 논문은 홈 웰니스 로봇에서의 센싱 플랫폼 기술 구현에 관한 연구이다. 실내 이동로봇의 자기위치인식은 정교한 궤도 제어를 위하여 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 RF 센서 네트워크와 퍼지추론을 이용하여 로봇의 실내 위치인식 알고리즘을 구현하고자 한다. RFID 센서를 이용하여 로봇 자기위치를 인식하고, 삼변측량과 삼각측량의 장점들을 결합하기 위하여 퍼지 추론기를 이용한 협업 알고리즘을 제안한다. 삼변측량 자기위치 인식을 구현하기 위하여 RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indicator)방식을 구현하고, 삼각측량 자기위치 인식을 구현하기 위해 TOA(Time of Arrival)방법을 사용한다. 태그로부터 측정된 거리와 위상각의 차이를 이용하여 삼변 및 삼각측량기법을 통해 얻은 결과값들을 퍼지 추론에 의하여 실시간으로 융합하여 개선된 최종 위치를 계산한다. 본 논문에서 설계한 RFID 센서 네트워크 환경과 홈 웰니스 로봇에 탑재 되어 있는 리더 시스템을 기반으로 제안한 알고리즘의 적용 실험 결과들을 통하여 개선된 성능을 확인 한다. This paper is to technically implement the sensing platform for Home-Wellness Robot. The self-Localization of indoor mobile robot is very important for the sophisticated trajectory control. In this paper, the robot's self-localization algorithm is designed by RF sensor network and fuzzy inference. The robot realizes its self-localization, using RFID sensors, through the collaboration algorithm which uses fuzzy inference for combining the strengths of triangulation and triangulation. For the triangulation self-Localization, RSSI is implemented. TOA method is used for realizing the triangulation self-localization. The final improved position is, through fuzzy inference, made by the fusion algorithm of the resultant coordinates from trilateration and triangulation in real time. In this paper, good performance of the proposed self-localization algorithm is confirmed through the results of a variety of experiments in the base of RFID sensor network and reader system.

A Batteryless RFID Remote Control System

This paper presents a novel eco-friendly batteryless remote control (RC) system based on a multi-RF identification (RFID) scheme. The proposed RC device does not require the use of batteries or other installed power source. Instead, it relies on passive RFID chips that are remotely powered by an RFID reader. The controlled device (e.g., a TV) incorporates an RFID reader to power up and communicate with the RC. The proposed batteryless RC is composed of an antenna, a plurality of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> passive RFID chips and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> switches, and a multi-port microstrip network that interconnects the various RFID chips, allowing them to share a common antenna. Each key of the RC is associated to an RFID with a unique identifier, which allows the device to be controlled to identify the key pressed by the user. The proposed arrangement ensures that only the chip associated to the pressed key is read by the RFID reader, while the other chips remain inactive. First of all, the system is described including the multi-RFID scheme and the proposed multi-port network. Afterword, a characterization of the contact switches and RFID chips is performed. This is followed by RFID chip impedance matching and switch tuning. A multi-port network is fabricated (in low-cost FR4) and measured in order to access network's behavior depending on some parameters such as the number of ports and distance from the active port to the antenna. Finally, a four-key RC unit is prototyped, and an RFID reader system is integrated in a TV by using an external RFID-to-infrared interface. Four control functionalities are implemented and tested (CH+, CH-, Vol+, and Vol-). Measurements are also conducted to evaluate the system coverage range and line-of-sight capability.

A ROBUST 900 MHz RFID READER CHIP WITH RC-CALIBRATION

A fully integrated RFID reader chip targeted to operate in the frequency range of 860 MHz to 960 MHz is designed, simulated and fabricated. To reduce the chip performance degradation due to process and temperature variation, resistor and capacitor calibration is adopted. The output codes of resistor calibration are used to adjust main circuit blocks' biasing current while the output codes of capacitor calibration are used to fine tune filter bandwidth and Digital-to-analog converter (DAC) conversion accuracy. Dual-tuned magnetic coupled LC tanks are also introduced in our VCO design to improve phase noise performance and extend tuning range, so as to enhance the robustness of the proposed RFID reader system. The reader is implemented with a low cost 90 nm standard CMOS process and has a chip area of 3.1 mm by 3.3 mm. The chip is packaged with QFN48 and tested on PCB. The proposed RFID reader consumes 90 mW of power and has robust performance against temperature, voltage supply and process variation. The merits of the chip make it ideal for various application scenarios.

Design and Implementation of Long Range UHF RFID Reader

Aiming at the problems how to realize long range, high speed identification and how to integrate web with the management system in the UHF RFID applications, a UHF RFID reader system based on S3C2440 microprocessor and AS3992 UHF Reader chip is designed and implemented in this paper. By designing the RF front-end power amplifier and signal isolation circuit, the transmit power detection circuit and the antenna impedance tunable matching circuit, the transmit power reaches up to 32 dBm and the receiver SNR is improved at the same time, resulting in the stable read range reaching up to 12 meters. In order to integrate web control into the RFID management system, the reader system is transplanted into the embedded Linux OS and a web management system that is based on web server and CGI is constructed. Device drivers are developed and RFID APIs are packaged, greatly facilitating the software development and maintenance. By using the Random-Slotted anti-collision algorithm, high speed identification of ISO18000-6C RFID tags has been achieved.

A Novel RFID Reader System Framework based on Peer-to-Peer Network

A Novel RFID Reader System Framework based on Peer-to-Peer Network

CC1020을 이용한 RFID Tag 데이터 통신 시스템 구현

제조 산업현장에서 RFID 시스템은 제조 물품의 데이터를 수집, 분류 그리고 처리를 위하여 사용되어진다. 큰 공장에서 RFID시스템을 설치하려면 RS232통신을 위한 많은 양의 유선 데이터 통신망이 필요하다. 만약 공장에서 RFID 시스템의 설치장소가 변경이 되거나 혹은 증설되는 경우 이미 설치된 유선 데이터 망은 다시 재 설치되어야 한다. 이러한 재설치를 위해서 많은 시간적 그리고 금전적인 재투자가 필요하다. 그러나 무선 데이터 통신망을 이용하면 초기 설치 혹은 재설치가 매우 간단하다. 본 논문에서는 무선통신시스템과 RFID 시스템을 구현하였다. 무선통신시스템을 위해서 CC1020칩을 사용하였고 RFID 시스템을 위해서 EM4095칩을 사용하였다. CC1020칩은 고 신뢰 데이터 통신이 가능하며 간단한 상태 레지스터를 설정함으로서 송신과 수신 상태전환 그리고 400 MHz 혹은 900 MHz의 원하는 주파수를 선택할 수 있다. 또한 통신거리는 외장안테나를 사용하면 약 50m이다. RFID 시스템을 위한 EM4095는 125 KHz 반송주파수를 사용하며 적은 수의 부품을 연결함으로써 리더 시스템을 구현할 수 있다. 그리고 Tag은 읽기 전용인 EM4100을 사용되어졌다. 무선통신 시스템과 RFID 시스템을 제어하기 위해 Atmega128을 사용되어졌다. 구현된 시스템으로 Tag의 데이터가 50 m 거리에서는 에러 없이 통신이 되는 것을 확인하였다. 논문에서 CC1020을 위한 회로도와 동작 프로그램, 그리고 RFID 시스템의 회로도와 동작 프로그램을 보였다. 그리고 실험에 사용된 시스템을 사진으로 보이고, CC1020의 데이터 동작 파형을 그림으로 보였으며. 각 전송방법에 대한 성능을 보였다. RFID system in manufacturing industry is used to collect, categorize, and process the data of products. To install RFID system for a large factory, a large amount of wired data communication network is necessary for RS232 communication. If the installed location of RFID system in the factory is changed or extended, a reinstallment is required for the already installed wired data network. A large amount of time/financial reinvestment is necessary for such reinstallation. By using wireless data communication network, however, the initial installation and reinstallation are very simple. In this paper, we implemented a wireless communication system and RFID system. We used the CC1020 chip for wireless communication system and EM4095 chip for RFID system. CC1020 chip enables highly-reliable data communication, and by setting a simple status register, it can switch between transmitting/receiving status and it can choose the desired frequency of either 400 MHz or 900 MHz. Also, Communication range is 50 m, if external antenna is used. EM4095 is a chip for RFID reader system with the carrier frequency of 125 KHz. This chip can implement the reader system by connecting a small number of components. And EM4100 was used for RFID system. EM4100 is read-only type. Atmega128 is used to control a wireless communication system and RFID system. We confirm that the system can communicate without error up to 50 m from sender. In the paper, the circuit diagram and operation program for CC1020 and RFID system are presented. The system used in the experiment is shown in pictures, and the data movement pattern of CC1020 is shown in the diagram, and the performance of each transmission method is presented.

RFID Coverage Extension Using Microstrip-Patch Antenna Array [Wireless Corner

In this paper, a UHF-band 2 times 2 microstrip phased-array antenna is designed and implemented to extend the coverage of an RFID reader system. The phased-array antenna has four microstrip-patch antennas, three Wilkinson power dividers, and a transmission-line phase shifter. These are printed on a dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.5. The array has dimensions of 34 cm times 45 cm, operating at a frequency of 867 MHz, as specified in RFID Gen2 protocol European standards. The phased-array antenna has a measured directivity of 12.1 dB, and the main-beam direction can be steered to angles of plusmn 40deg, with a HPBW of 90deg. The phased-array antenna is used as the receiving antenna in a commercial reader system. Experimental results indicate that the coverage of the RFID system with the phased-array antenna is superior to the coverage with a conventional broader-beamwidth microstrip-patch antenna. The proposed system can also be used for a wireless positioning system.

Micro balun design and fabrication at 910 MHz and mobile RFID reader miniaturization thereby

AbstractThis article represents a microchip balun for UHF mobile RFID system at 910 MHz. This balun is designed by transforming coupled transmission lines into lumped‐element equivalent circuit, and thus monolithic elements that are fabricated by IPD technology replace it for entirely miniaturized size. The corresponding balun performs under 3 dB return loss, with nearly 176 (176.42) degree of phase difference characteristic; therefore, this meets the UHF mobile RFID reader system consideration. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2203–2206, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23617

TRACING OF HUMAN WALK BY USING SLIPPER-TYPE RFID READER

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of several conditions of human tracing by using a slipper-type RFID reader system, especially we focused attention on the sticking interval and layout of RFID tags laid on the floor and route of walk. And we also verify the availability of this system. According to the results, Equilateral Triangle Grid is more suitable than “Square Grid”, because of Square Grid doesn't catch curve movement easily. And also, the trace accuracy of free walking in this system becomes about α=0.8, when we assume the sticking layout to be Equilateral Triangle Grid, the sticking interval to be 300(mm), the antenna installation position to be Heel and the size of antenna to be Large. This was thought to be in the range of practical use, and it was clarified that this system was an effective method for the tracing of human walk.

Locating sensor nodes on construction projects

Localization of randomly distributed wireless sensor nodes is a significant and fundamental problem in a broad range of emerging civil engineering applications. Densely deployed in physical environments, they are envisioned to form ad hoc communication networks and provide sensed data without relying on a fixed communications infrastructure. To establish ad hoc communication networks among wireless sensor nodes, it is useful and sometimes necessary to determine sensors' positions in static and dynamic sensor arrays. As well, the location of sensor nodes becomes of immediate use if construction resources, such as materials and components, are to be tracked. Tracking the location of construction resources enables effortless progress monitoring and supports real-time construction state sensing. This paper compares several models for localizing RFID nodes on construction job sites. They range from those based on triangulation with reference to transmission space maps, to roving RFID reader and tag systems using multiple proximity constraints, to approaches for processing uncertainty and imprecision in proximity measurements. They are compared qualitatively on the basis of cost, flexibility, scalability, computational complexity, ability to manage uncertainty and imprecision, and ability to handle dynamic sensor arrays. Results of field experiments and simulations are also presented where applicable.