RFID Middleware System Research Articles

지능적인 RFID 미들웨어 시스템을 위한 적응형 윈도우 슬라이딩 기반의 유연한 데이터 정제

Over the past years RFID/SN has been an elementary technology in a diversity of applications for the ubiquitous environments, especially for Internet of Things. However, one of obstacles for widespread deployment of RFID technology is the inherent unreliability of the RFID data streams by tag readers. In particular, the problem of false readings such as lost readings and mistaken readings needs to be treated by RFID middleware systems because false readings ultimately degrade the quality of application services due to the dirty data delivered by middleware systems. As a result, for the higher quality of services, an RFID middleware system is responsible for intelligently dealing with false readings for the delivery of clean data to the applications in accordance with the tag reading environment. One of popular techniques used to compensate false readings is a sliding window filter. In a sliding window scheme, it is evident that determining optimal window size intelligently is a nontrivial important task in RFID middleware systems in order to reduce false readings, especially in mobile environments. In this paper, for the purpose of reducing false readings by intelligent window adaption, we propose a new adaptive RFID data cleaning scheme based on window sliding for a single tag. Unlike previous works based on a binomial sampling model, we introduce the weight averaging. Our insight starts from the need to differentiate the past readings and the current readings, since the more recent readings may indicate the more accurate tag transitions. Owing to weight averaging, our scheme is expected to dynamically adapt the window size in an efficient manner even for non-homogeneous reading patterns in mobile environments. In addition, we analyze reading patterns in the window and effects of decreased window so that a more accurate and efficient decision on window adaption can be made. With our scheme, we can expect to obtain the ultimate goal that RFID middleware systems can provide applications with more clean data so that they can ensure high quality of intended services.

Design for Logistics Business Process Reengineering in the Context of Internet of Things

The Internet of Things system of enterprise is formed by RFID recognition system, middleware system and Internet system. The development of Internet of Things make the structure of logistics service horizontal and vertical flow changed; the Internet of Things technology application promote the logistics business system reconstruction, and also the business layer redesign condition; Aim at traditional logistics business processes, proposed warehousing, distribution, transport business process optimization and reengineering design based on Internet of Things technologies.

Applied Research of RFID Middleware System Based on Hierarchical Structure

RFID middleware system, as the nerve center of many RFID systems, is being more and more concerned on by the people. It plays a key role in the development of the entire RFID industry. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the present situation of RFID middleware, and then focuses on data filtering, data aggregation and information transmission three important technologies. According to the function demand, the next section introduces the hierarchical design idea for RFID middleware system. Based on the layered design idea, we construct a hierarchy structure of RFID middleware and present a kind of enterprise class applied model, in which RFID event manager module is responsible for processing data streams and RFID information service module is responsible for system integration. This applied model is easy to build a new RFID middleware system provides a kind of reference. Simulation and practical tests prove that the middleware system can real-time reads the important information of tracked objects such as goods in storehouse, achieve a more efficient management and facilitate practical application for Internet of things technology.

RFID 미들웨어를 위한 부하 분산

RFID 미들웨어는 네트워크를 통하여 다수의 리더로부터 다양한 태그 데이터들을 수집하여 식별정보를 처리한다. 한편, 다양한 유비쿼터스 서비스의 등장으로 대량의 RFID 데이터를 처리할 수 있는 미들웨어가 필요하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 EPCglobal의 ALE 스펙을 기반으로 구현된 RFID 미들웨어를 이용하여 대량의 RFID 데이터를 가공하고 이를 클라이언트 응용에게 제공하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 클라이언트의 RFID 데이터 수집 및 가공 처리 요청을 분산하기 위하여, 분산 환경에 구축된 여러 대의 RFID 미들웨어의 자원 정보를 수집하고, 각 RFID 미들웨어의 자원 사항에 따라 클라이언트 요청을 처리한다. An RFID middleware system that can process a large volume of RFID data became necessary with the advent of various kinds of ubiquitous services. In this paper, we propose a method to process massive RFID data and provide it to client applications based on ALE-compliant RFID middleware systems. To distribute the requests to collect and process the RFID data from clients, the proposed system gathers the resource information for RFID middleware systems and processes the requests from clients according to the information.

Reducing False Negative Reads in RFID Data Streams Using an Adaptive Sliding-Window Approach

Unreliability of the data streams generated by RFID readers is among the primary factors which limit the widespread adoption of the RFID technology. RFID data cleaning is, therefore, an essential task in the RFID middleware systems in order to reduce reading errors, and to allow these data streams to be used to make a correct interpretation and analysis of the physical world they are representing. In this paper we propose an adaptive sliding-window based approach called WSTD which is capable of efficiently coping with both environmental variation and tag dynamics. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.

Design and Implementation of RFID Middleware System for Ubiquitous Learning Environment using Large Scale Data

In this paper, the RFID middleware system that can process bulk data in real time has been designed and implemented. The characteristics of this middleware system support the following points: Expandability and integration of infrastructure, processing the bulk data coming from heterogenous readers in real time, management of the integrate process, Java based XML, and lightweight-oriented technology for speedy and efficient performance. Also a filter file managing process(XML Process) is designed to process bulk data in real time. With this processor in place, the middleware can run without any problem even when several clients from many locations get connected to the server at the same time. The RFID middleware system consists of reader interface, event manager, application interface, and an adapter for heterogenous readers. In the integrated function test of the RFID middleware system, the system showed a stable performance in processing even thousands of filtering and tag data per second, and was able to process the bulk tag data from heterogeneous readers in real time. Also from the test of the implemented filtering management system interlocked with the RFID middleware and the client, it was confirmed that the RFID middleware and the filtering management system ran properly.

.Net Compact Framework를 활용한 SOA 환경 기반의 임베디드 RFID 미들웨어 시스템 설계 및 구현

본 연구에서는 PXA255 임베디드 보드를 이용하여, Windows CE를 운영체제를 기반으로 .Net Compact Framework 플랫폼을 기반으로 동작하는 새로운 형태의 RFID 미들웨어 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 제안한 임베디드 RFID 미들웨어 시스템은 RS-232를 인터페이스로 하는 다수의 RFID 센서를 LAN을 통해 제어하며, RFID 미들웨어의 필요한 각각의 기능에 따른 컴포넌트 기반으로 설계하였다. SOA 환경에서 동작하는 애플리케이션 모듈은 임베디드 RFID 미들웨어를 통해 RFID 센서들이 감지한 데이터를 전송받아 분석하고, 이에 따라 적절한 비즈니스 로직을 수행한다. 최종 사용자가 사용하게 되는 클라이언트 모듈은 애플리케이션의 웹 메소드 호출을 통채 데이터베이스로부터 RFID 관련 정보를 이용할 수 있다. This study designed and realized a new type of RFID middle-ware based on .NET Compact Framework platform using PXA255 embedded board and Windows CE as operating system. The proposed embedded RFID middle-ware system controls via LAN a number of RFID sensors using RS-232 as interface and was designed on the basis of components of each function necessary RFID middle-ware. Application module operating in the SOA environment analyzes the data received from the RFID sensors with the embedded RFID middle-ware and in turn performs appropriate business logic. Client module to be used by end users can use RFID information in database, by web method call of application.

싸움소를 위한 RFID 기반 정보 관리시스템의 구현

This paper implements a information management system for a bullfights using RFID technology in which the objects containing electronic tag are automatically identified by using radio frequency wave. The presented system is composed of the information systems for career and train, and the real-time informant system to provide various informations to remote bull breeders and administers. As the first step for implementation, we analyze the requirements for information management systems based on the RFID and suggests design considerations. Based on the analysis, we implement an efficient RFID middleware system for tracking a tag location based on antenna transfer method and managing an intelligent tag information which efficiently manages a bullfight informations in field. And we also implement the web-based integrated management system for managing and providing a bullfight informations. The career management system sequentially recognizes a tags, and the training system concurrently recognizes the man tags.

모바일 환경을 위한 모바일 RFID 미들웨어 모듈 설계 및 구현

The most critical element in the real-time operation of RFID application programs that are suitable for the mobile environment is the RFID middleware, made exclusively for mobile handsets, which processes collected data on a real-time basis and sends only the useful information to the application client. In this paper, we intend to design and implement a mobile RFID middleware system that supports the mobile handset environment for real-time based processing of the necessary data in the mobile environment. The proposed mobile RFID middleware system includes a mobile reader interface that collects the tag data, a mobile filtering engine that processes the tag data into more meaningful data that is sent to the application interface, and finally the mobile application interface that supports the m-SOAP application access protocol for interfacing with existing mobile applications. The filtering speed of the newly-developed middleware engine was found to be suitable for the characteristics of mobile handsets.

Design and Implementation of Mobile RFID Middleware Systems for u-Learnig

Design and Implementation of Mobile RFID Middleware Systems for u-Learnig

실시간 RFID 미들웨어시스템에서의 동기화를 고려한 필터링관리 기법의 설계 및 구현

We design a filtering management scheme with synchronization function under a realtime RFID middleware system for larger-scale data processing. The application interface(AI) is to support a various access protocol, HTTP, XML, JMS, and SOAP for the RFID applications. Generally, the synchronization problem is occurred in multiple accessing of clients for single filtering file. In this paper, we implement a filtering management scheme supporting the synchronization using the filter management process, and then demonstrate the RFID middleware filtering scheme.

대용량 데이터처리를 위한 XML기반의 RFID 미들웨어시스템

본 논문에서는 대용량 데이터 처리를 위한 XML 기반 RFID 미들웨어 시스템을 구현하였다. 개발된 RFID 미들웨어 시스템은 태그 데이터를 수집하는 리더 인터페이스, 태그 데이터를 의미있는 데이터로 가공하여 응용인터페이스에게로 전송하는 이벤트 매니저, 그리고 기존 응용과의 인터페이스를 위해 다양한 응용접근프로토콜을 지원하는 응용 인터페이스를 설계 구현하였다. 리더 인터페이스는 고정형 장비뿐만 아니라 핸드헬드 유형의 PDA형 리더도 지원하도록 어댑터 형태로 구현되었다. 구현된 미들웨어 시스템은 빠른 필터링 처리기능을 가지며, 응용프로그램 접근 프로토콜인 HTTP, XML, JMS, SOAP을 지원한다. 성능은 CPU 이용율 측면에서 성능을 입증하였다. We implement the RFID middleware system based on XML for large-scale data processing. The Implemented middleware system are consist of the reader interface for tag data collection, the event manager for a data filtering, and application interface for the RFID application. The implemented RFID middleware system is to support both a fixed type's reader and portable type's reader. we analyze the middleware function with four application accessing protocol, HTTP, XML, JMS, and SOAP, and demonstrate a filtering speed in terms of CPU utilization.

RFID 스트리밍 데이터 처리를 위한 연속 질의의 변환 기법

RFID 미들웨어 시스템은 애플리케이션의 질의를 처리하기 위해서 다수의 RFID 판독기에 의해 지속적으로 인식되는 RFID 스트리밍 데이터를 수집 및 정제한다. 이러한 질의들은 미들웨어에서 일정기간 동안 수행되기 때문에 연속 질의라고 불린다. 미들웨어의 성능을 개선하기 위해서는, 이러한 연속 질의를 효과적으로 처리하기 위한 색인이 필수적이다. 최근, 데이터가 아닌 질의를 기반으로 색인을 구축하는 질의 색인 기법들이 제안되었으며 이러한 기법들은 이동체 위치 스트리밍 데이터 혹은 센서 스트리밍 데이터에 대하여 연속 질의를 처리하는 환경에서 향상된 성능을 보여준다. EPCglobal은 RFID 애플리케이션을 위한 표준 질의 인터페이스인 Event Cycle Specification (ECSpec)을 제안하였다. ECSpec 기반의 연속 질의는 질의의 조건을 대상 도메인 공간에 표현하면 다수의 세그먼트로 표현되는 특징이 있다. 이러한 RFID 질의 색인의 데이터에 대하여 기존의 질의 색인을 사용하면 다수의 데이터를 삽입해야 하기 때문에 색인을 구축 및 유지하기 위한 비용이 커지게 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서, 이 논문에서는 다수의 세그먼트를 새로운 변환공간으로 표현하고 이것을 결집하여 단일 데이터로써 표현하는 결집 변환(Aggregate Transformation) 기법을 제안한다. 또한, 기존 질의 색인과 변환 기법을 적용한 색인의 성능을 비교한다. RFID middleware systems collect and filter the RFID streaming data gathered continuously by numerous readers in order to process requests from applications. These requests are called continuous queries because they are kept on executing during certain periods. To enhance the performance of the middleware, it is required to build an index to process the continuous queries efficiently. Several approaches of building an index on not data records but queries, called Query Index, are proposed and widely used for evaluating continuous queries over streaming data. The EPCglobal proposed an Event Cycle Specification (ECSpec) model, which is a standard query interface for RFID applications. Continuous queries based on ECSpec consist of a large number of segments for representing the query conditions. The problem with using any of the existing query indexes on these continuous queries is that it takes a long time to build the index because it is necessary to insert a large number of segments into the index. To solve this problem, we propose an Aggregate Transformation that converts a group of segments into a compressed data which is representative of the segments. We compare the performance of a transformed index with the existing query indexes.