RFID Antenna Research Articles

Conductive water-based graphene suspension for electromagnetic interference shielding via spray coating on SiP module

Conductive inks have been widely used to develop electronic devices, such as sensors, RFID antennas, and transistors. Electronic utilization is a coating that forms conductive films for electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI Shielding). This process also can be employed to cover electronic modules called System in Package (SiP). A technology known as conformal shielding utilizes spray coating with metallic inks to form a conductive layer over the SiP. Traditionally, copper or silver inks have been the primary materials employed due to their high electrical conductivity. Conversely, these metallic inks are associated with significant costs, environmental impacts, and complex production methods. In this context, water-based graphene dispersion could be an alternative to EMI Shielding for electronic chips. Graphene is attractive due to its excellent electrical and thermal properties, reduced cost, and being an environmentally friendly material. In this study, a water-based graphene suspension was developed and applied via spray coating to form films for electromagnetic shielding. The graphene dispersion in water utilized Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Characterizations of the graphene suspension, including morphology, particle size distribution, and chemical analysis, were conducted. The resistivity of the resulting films and their shielding effectiveness (SE) were measured. Electronic chip modules were painted to assess coverage. The study demonstrated the successful formulation of a stable water-graphene suspension exhibiting favorable electrical resistivity (2.8 × 10−2 Ω.cm) after drying at 300 °C for 1 h. The resulting film achieved a shielding effectiveness of −9 dB at 1.0 GHz. Graphene film completely covered the electronic chips, indicating an alternative conformal shielding.

P‐81: Multimodal Intelligent Display Backplane Blocks

The display of the future is multimodal, integrating optical sensors, RFID antennas, ultrasound transducers, etc. The sensors produce a large amount of redundant data, which should be preprocessed on the substrate, ideally on the backpanel. Control gates and select and data drivers need to be more configurable and partitionable to create operational flexibility. This paper presents various circuit blocks for processing and control, including operational amplifiers, high‐resolution analog‐to‐digital converters, a microprocessor, DC‐DC converters, and high resolution sensor pixel array architectures. Moreover, the performance of the basic building blocks is compared in LTPS and IGZO technology.

GPS-Integrated RFID Antenna With AMC Backing for IoT-Based Sensing and Tracking Applications

GPS-Integrated RFID Antenna With AMC Backing for IoT-Based Sensing and Tracking Applications

Object Localization and Sensing in Non-Line-of-Sight Using RFID Tag Matrices

RFID-based technology innovated a new field of wireless sensing, which has been applied in posture recognition, object localization, and the other sensing fields. Due to the presence of a Fresnel zone around a magnetic field when the RFID-based system is working, the signal undergoes significant changes when an object moves through two or more different Fresnel zones. Therefore, the moving object can be sensed more easily, and most of the sensing applications required the tag to be attached to the moving object for better sensing, significantly limiting their applications. The existing technologies to detect static objects in agricultural settings are mainly based on X-ray or high-power radar, which are costly and bulky, making them difficult to deploy on a large scale. It is a challenging task to sense a static target without a tag attached in NLOS (non-line-of-sight) detection with low cost. We utilized RFID technologies to sense the static foreign objects in agricultural products, and take metal, rock, rubber, and clod as sensing targets that are common in agriculture. By deploying tag matrices to create a sensing region, we observed the signal variations before and after the appearance of the targets in this sensing region, and determined the targets’ positions and their types. Here, we buried the targets in the media of seedless cotton and wheat, and detected them using a non-contact method. Research has illustrated that, by deploying appropriate tag matrices and adjusting the angle of a single RFID antenna, the matrices’ signals are sensitive to the static targets’ positions and their properties, i.e., matrices’ signals vary with different targets and their positions. Specifically, we achieved a 100% success rate in locating metallic targets, while the success rate for clods was the lowest at 86%. We achieved a 100% recognition rate for the types of all the four objects.

Joint Design of Self-Tuning UHF RFID Antenna and Microfluidic Channel for Liquid Sensing

Joint Design of Self-Tuning UHF RFID Antenna and Microfluidic Channel for Liquid Sensing

Retracted: Characterization of Composite RFID Antennas Based on Thermal Properties: A Survey

Retracted: Characterization of Composite RFID Antennas Based on Thermal Properties: A Survey

Print Durability and Recyclability of Label Paper Equipped with Printed RFID Antenna

Labels are a crucial component of products, offering informational content and attractive visuals; therefore, the durability of the print is an important quality requirement. On the other hand, in accordance with eco-design, the recyclability of printed labels is vital. In our research, the focus was on the assessment of the durability, recyclability, and deinkability of printed label paper equipped with printed RFID tags. The determined color fastness of electrophotographic prints affected by various environmental factors showed good resistance to dry rubbing and, in most cases, light and moist–heat treatment, confirming the applicability of digital printing on self-adhesive biodegradable paper labels. In the second part of this study, recyclability was assessed, and a comparison between the deinkability of the offset and digital prints and two conductive functional inks was conducted. Good deinkability was observed for the printed RFID antennas on both the offset and electrographic prints, with only a small deterioration in optical properties, especially when nano-silver conductive ink was used. The study highlights the importance of the selection of materials and printing techniques when considering the environmental impact of printed electronics. The results showed that INGEDE 11 is a suitable deinking method for printed RFID antennas on offset and electrographic prints.

Evaluating the Activity of Pigs with Radio-Frequency Identification and Virtual Walking Distances.

Monitoring the activity of animals can help with assessing their health status. We monitored the walking activity of fattening pigs using a UHF-RFID system. Four hundred fattening pigs with UHF-RFID ear tags were recorded by RFID antennas at the troughs, playing devices and drinkers during the fattening period. A minimum walking distance, or virtual walking distance, was determined for each pig per day by calculating the distances between two consecutive reading areas. This automatically calculated value was used as an activity measure and not only showed differences between the pigs but also between different fattening stages. The longer the fattening periods lasted, the less walking activity was detected. The virtual walking distance ranged between 281 m on average in the first fattening stage and about 141 m in the last fattening stage in a restricted environment. The findings are similar to other studies considering walking distances of fattening pigs, but are far less labor-intensive and time-consuming than direct observations.

Fabrication of a Flexible RFID Antenna by Using the Novel Environmentally Friendly Additive Process

The fabrication of flexible antennas for RFID applications can be divided into subtractive and additive methods. In this study, a low-cost additive method is proposed, which involves printing aluminum paste and utilizing a galvanic replacement reaction. Through a galvanic replacement process, copper sulfate waste effluent was employed to convert the aluminum electrode into a highly conductive copper electrode. The physical characteristics of the Cu electrode, such as surface flatness, thickness, and Al-Cu conversion ratio, were studied. The Cu electrode, produced using an innovative additive technique at a temperature of 75°C for 15 minutes, exhibits the lowest resistivity of 5.89 × 10–8 Ωm. This resistivity is comparable to that of a commercial silver thick film electrode, making it suitable for use in manufacturing RFID antennas for RFID module applications. With an S11 of −40 dB at 1.26 GHz, a maximum gain of 2.87 dBi, a maximum efficiency of 53.63%, and a reading distance of 9 meters, the RFID module demonstrates impressive performance. The reading distance of an RFID module with a copper foil antenna is longer (8.5 meters).

Thermoformable Conductive Compositions for Printed Electronics

The development of three-dimensional printed electronics has garnered significant interest due to the ease of integration of electronic circuitry on 3D surfaces. However, it is still very challenging to achieve the desired conformability, stretchability, and adhesion of conductive pastes used for printing on thermoformable substrates. In this study, we propose the use of novel thermoformable ink composed of copper flakes coated with silver, which enables us to prevent the oxidation of copper, instead of the commonly used silver inks. Various polymer/solvent/flake systems were investigated, resulting in thermoformable conductive printing compositions that can be sintered under air. The best inks were screen printed on PC substrates and were thermoformed using molds with different degrees of strain. The effects of the various components on the thermoforming ability and the electrical properties and morphology of the resulting 3D structures were studied. The best inks resulted in a low sheet resistivity, 100 mΩ/□/mil and 500 mΩ/□/mil before and after thermoforming at 20%, respectively. The feasibility of using the best ink was demonstrated for the fabrication of a thermoformable 3D RFID antenna on PC substrates.

Analysis of Electromagnetic Interference for Anti-Medal UHF RFID Temperature Tag in High Power Electronic Equipment

Being inches from the rapid development of new energy technology, the capacity of high-power power electronic equipment is increasing rapidly, and the requirements for its safe and reliable operation are also rising. As a result, the demand for online temperature monitoring of such equipment is becoming increasingly urgent. RFID temperature measurement technology can be used for real-time monitoring of the temperature of powered operation equipment. However, the operation of high-power electronic equipment generates strong electromagnetic interference, which can seriously affect the normal operation of RFID temperature measurement systems. For applications involving the internal temperature measurement of high-power power electronic equipment, this paper employs an RFID anti-metal temperature tag antenna with a short-circuit cutoff structure. This structure was tested in an excitation switchgear cabinet. During the low-power operation of the cabinet, the temperature tag functioned normally. By combining an RFID antenna model with an electromagnetic interference simulation model of the main circuit of the excitation switchgear cabinet, this paper establishes an electromagnetic interference simulation model for an RFID temperature tag. It analyzes how the tag’s antenna performance parameters change when subjected to interference. Through simulation, the failure mechanism of the RFID temperature tag during the high-power operation of the excitation switchgear cabinet is clarified. The analysis found that there are both conductive electromagnetic interference and radiated electromagnetic interference in the excitation switchgear cabinet, with the conductive electromagnetic interference having a more significant effect. Conductive electromagnetic interference can seriously impact the performance of RFID temperature tags in the excitation switchgear cabinet, significantly degrading their performance. In contrast, the effect of radiated electromagnetic interference on the tags is relatively small. Therefore, this paper employs anti-metal RFID temperature tags and simulates and analyzes their electromagnetic interference characteristics.

Posture Classification with a Bed-Monitoring System Using Radio Frequency Identification.

Aging of the population and the declining birthrate in Japan have produced severe human resource shortages in the medical and long-term care industries. Reportedly, falls account for more than 50% of all accidents in nursing homes. Recently, various bed-release sensors have become commercially available. In fact, clip sensors, mat sensors, and infrared sensors are used widely in hospitals and nursing care facilities. We propose a simple and inexpensive monitoring system for elderly people as a technology capable of detecting bed activity, aimed particularly at preventing accidents involving falls. Based on findings obtained using that system, we aim at realizing a simple and inexpensive bed-monitoring system that improves quality of life. For this study, we developed a bed-monitoring system for detecting bed activity. It can predict bed release using RFID, which can achieve contactless measurements. The proposed bed-monitoring system incorporates an RFID antenna and tags, with a method for classifying postures based on the RFID communication status. Experimentation confirmed that three postures can be classified with two tags, seven postures with four tags, and nine postures with six tags. The detection rates were 90% for two tags, 75% for four tags, and more than 50% for six tags.

Highly Sensitive Wireless NO2 Gas Sensing System

There is a need for reliable and accurate air quality monitoring systems in order to secure human health from the air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). The development of low-cost and modern technology-compatible sensing systems is essential. In this work, a highly sensitive and selective Indium Gallium Zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film transistor has been used to design an efficient and wireless NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensing system. The sensing system uses the IGZO TFT as a current source for the current-starved ring oscillator where exposed NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentration determines the oscillation frequency. The presented NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas sensing system exhibited excellent sensitivity of 5.39 MHz/ppm with the lowest detection limit (LOD) of 50 ppb at room temperature. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the achieved sensitivity is the best-reported performance for frequency-based NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensors. The sinusoidal output of the sensor obviates the need for costly peripheral signal conditioning circuits and allows direct integration with wireless systems. The 13.56 MHz RFID antenna connected to the output of the sensor is used to show wireless sensing compatibility and highlights the excellent candidacy of the proposed work for the growing Internet of Things (IoT) and untethered sensor applications.

Improved Stable Read Range of the RFID Tag Using Slot Apertures and Capacitive Gaps for Outdoor Localization Applications.

This paper proposes a small-size UHF RFID tag antenna, which was designed to function in the frequency interval of 860-960 MHz, with a large-read range of up to 17 m. In this work, the effects of capacitive slots and gaps on the impedance matching between conventional industrial chips and a designed RFID antenna was investigated. Simulated and measured results provided a clear indication that these two techniques can efficiently improve the return loss parameter and the antenna impedance matching behavior at the UHF band. Three-dimensional electromagnetic (EM) simulations results further proved that a better impedance matching between an industrial chip and a proposed RFID antenna occurs at 870 MHz, where the estimated input antenna impedance was about Za = 16 + j184 (Ω), and the calculated read range reached a value of up to 17 m with a measured return loss value of -14 dB. The proposed RFID antenna can almost maintain the same read range value over a 180 degree angle variations on the horizontal plane owing to its omnidirectional radiation pattern. The fabrication and test stages of the antenna prototype were scheduled to validate the simulated characteristics. Experimental results confirmed the performances of our proposed RFID tag antenna and proved its potential ability for localization applications. EM simulations have been performed using the well-known commercial EM software simulator CST MWS.

Semi-Passive RFID Electronic Devices With On-Chip Sensor Fusion Capabilities for Motion Capture and Biomechanical Analysis

This paper presents the development and testing of a novel electronic device for Wireless Motion Capture (W-MoCap), a technology that allows the reconstruction of movements of objects and body parts with many potential applications in various contexts. The device integrates UHF RFID technology with sensors for low-power backscattering communication. It consists of a Battery Assisted Passive UHF RFID chip, an Inertial Measurement Unit, an ultra-low power microcontroller, and a custom-designed edge-fed body-tolerant antenna operating at 866 MHz. The proper matching between the RFID chip and antenna is ensured through a well-designed L-match unbalanced network, and the separation of RF and DC signals is achieved with a meandered microstrip quarter-wavelength transformer, choke inductor, and decoupling capacitor. The designed and realized RFID W-MoCap Sensor-Tag has been thoroughly evaluated in terms of current consumption, front-end sensitivity, and sensing accuracy. Finally, five prototypes have been applied to specific segments of a human subject and successfully tested in a practical scenario for real time reconstruction of human movements.

MP68-20 RELIABLE INSTRUMENT COUNTER (RIC) FOR UROLOGIC PROCEDURES

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP68-20 RELIABLE INSTRUMENT COUNTER (RIC) FOR UROLOGIC PROCEDURES Catherine Nguyen, Michael Fink, Cayman Myers, Kayla Dunch, Daniel Aguilar, Jack Gibbs, Shelby McCoy, Hannah Bachtel, Chester Koh, and Charles Peak Catherine NguyenCatherine Nguyen More articles by this author , Michael FinkMichael Fink More articles by this author , Cayman MyersCayman Myers More articles by this author , Kayla DunchKayla Dunch More articles by this author , Daniel AguilarDaniel Aguilar More articles by this author , Jack GibbsJack Gibbs More articles by this author , Shelby McCoyShelby McCoy More articles by this author , Hannah BachtelHannah Bachtel More articles by this author , Chester KohChester Koh More articles by this author , and Charles PeakCharles Peak More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003331.20AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Retained sponges and surgical instruments with urologic procedures can have significant consequences on patient outcomes such as increased morbidity, long term disabilities, as well as medicolegal ramifications. The traditional method of ensuring accurate counts for sponges and surgical instruments is manual counting by surgical assistants (i.e. nurses and surgical technicians). However, this method is time-consuming and prone to systemic and human errors which can lead to unidentified retention of instruments. Current technologies for sponge and instrument tracking are limited by cost and accuracy issues. In collaboration with the engineering teams at local engineering schools, we sought to develop an automated surgical instrument counter to increase the accuracy of surgical equipment counts. METHODS: We developed a prototype for the Reliable Instrument Counter (RIC) which performs continuous and automatic counting of surgical instruments using RFID technology. The device consists of a hard polymer tabletop for RFID transparency with three RFID antennas and one multichannel RFID reader. RFID tags were placed on each surgical instrument (7.8mm x 6.8mm x 2.7mm) that were compatible with all methods of instrument sterilization Figure 1). Java-based software was used to automate the count of surgical instruments with a user-friendly interface. Benchtop testing was performed to identify the number of tags needed per instrument and the accuracy of the RIC to count the instruments. RESULTS: The prototype table was developed with the surface divided into zones. The accuracy of detecting tagged instruments averaged 99.03% readability across all zones with only three small areas on the edges of the table that had less than 100% accuracy. Further modifications will involve adjust the mounted location of the RFID reader for improved accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: The RIC can accurately track surgical instruments in real time for urologic procedures, thereby reducing overall OR time and risk of miscounts which translates into reducing overall cost and increasing the safety of patients undergoing urologic surgeries. Source of Funding: FDA grant #1p50FD006428 © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e961 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Catherine Nguyen More articles by this author Michael Fink More articles by this author Cayman Myers More articles by this author Kayla Dunch More articles by this author Daniel Aguilar More articles by this author Jack Gibbs More articles by this author Shelby McCoy More articles by this author Hannah Bachtel More articles by this author Chester Koh More articles by this author Charles Peak More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

A review on RFID using different dielectric resonator antennas for industry 4.0

The Industry 4.0 with smart manufacturing, Industrial Internet, Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud based Manufacturing Productivity and efficiency are achieved through Automation. In this paper, ultra-high Radio frequency (UHF RFID) identification technique is reviewed with dielectric resonator antenna to perform vital tasks such as identifying, locating, authenticating and engaging with other IoT devices. The dielectric resonator UHF RFID antennas are deployed in industries at the end points for facilitating automation. They meet the requirement of high durability to handle thermal shocks and vibrations without effecting performance. Evidently, a highly optimized antennas are required that meet the characteristics in terms of radiation efficiency, bandwidth and low losses. It has been elaborated here, that dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) most suitable candidate for UHF RFID application requirements. The paper presents most UHF RFID appropriate DRA structures and their performance have been evaluated with characteristic parameters such as size, shape, substrate material, bandwidth, feeding mechanism and their peak gain.

QUALITY EVALUATION OF UHF RFID ANTENNAS AND PASSIVE TAGS ON PAPER SUBSTRATES

The effect of antenna design modification, paper substrates and relative electrical permittivity of background materials on the reflection coefficient of UHF RFID antennas was studied. Simulation software was used to modify the design and calculate the reflection coefficient of the antennas. By modifying the coupling of the dipole with the induction loop of the antennas, areduction of the simulated reflection coefficient was achieved compared to thecommercial antenna. The positive effect of antenna modification was also confirmed by measuring thereflection coefficient of antennas printed on paper by thermal transfer printing, placed on extruded polystyrene and particle board. The reflection coefficient of the modified antennas was lower when placed on extruded polystyrene, whose relative electrical permittivity was lower than particle board. After installing the memory chip to the antennas printed on paper and paperboard, the identification, reading and recording range of passive UHF RFID tags were measured after they were placed on thicker paperboard, extruded polystyrene and particle board. The positive effect of antenna modification on improving the communication quality of passive UHF RFID tags placed on background materials with a relative electrical permittivity of 2.4 to 6.7 wasconfirmed.

"EFFECT OF PRECOATING ON PROPERTIES OF FUNCTIONAL COATING AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF INKJET-PRINTED ELECTRONICS"

"In the present work, various surface treatments of base paper were investigated in order to make it suitable for application in printed electronics. A functional coating based on silica pigment was preceded by PVOH-containing precoating, and differently surface treated papers were characterized in terms of surface roughness, relative area of surface pores, wettability, printability and by FTIR spectroscopy. The precoating had a significant effect on the constriction of through-pores, the reduction of their number, and on the permeability of the functional coating, and it increased the dynamic contact angle of the liquids. Analysis of FTIR spectra of precoated and functionally coated paper confirmed a higher content of polyvinyl alcohol binder and cationic polymer in the functional coating, compared to that of functionally coated paper, without precoating. SEM analysis showed that the silver layer of the RFID antenna printed by inkjet on the precoated and functionally coated paper was continuous. Better printability of the precoated and functionally coated paper, compared to the functionally coated paper, without precoating, was also confirmed by higher electrical conductivity of the dipole of the RFID antenna, which reached the level of the antenna printed on a commercial inkjet PET film."

Disturbed circadian rhythm of locomotor activity of pullets is related to feather pecking in laying hens

Various aspects of activity, such as spontaneous activity, explorative activity, activity in open-field tests, and hyperactivity syndrome have been explored as causal factors of feather pecking in laying hens, with no clear results. In all previous studies, mean values of activity over different time intervals were used as criteria. Incidental observation of alternated oviposition time in lines selected for high (HFP) and low feather pecking (LFP), supported by a recent study which showed differentially expressed genes related to the circadian clock in the same lines, led to the hypothesis that feather pecking may be related to a disturbed diurnal activity rhythm. Hence activity recordings of a previous generation of these lines have been reanalyzed. Data sets of a total of 682 pullets of 3 subsequent hatches of HFP, LFP, and an unselected control line (CONTR) were used. Locomotor activity was recorded in pullets housed in groups of mixed lines in a deep litter pen on 7 consecutive 13-h light phases, using a radio-frequency identification antenna system. The number of approaches to the antenna system was recorded as a measure of locomotor activity and analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model including hatch, line, time of day and the interactions of hatch×time of day and line×time of day as fixed effects. Significant effects were found for time and the interaction line×time of day but not for line. All lines showed a bimodal pattern of diurnal activity. The peak activity of the HFP in the morning was lower than that of the LFP and CONTR. In the afternoon peak all lines differed with the highest mean in the LFP followed by CONTR and HFP. The present results provide support for the hypothesis that a disturbed circadian clock plays a role in the development of feather pecking.