RF Exposure Research Articles

RF Exposure Assessment by Drone-Based Technology

RF Exposure Assessment by Drone-Based Technology

Genotoxicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on mammalian cells in vitro: A systematic review with narrative synthesis

BackgroundOver the last decades, great concern has been raised about possible adverse effects to human health due to exposures to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF, 100 kHz – 300 GHz) emitted by wireless communication technologies. In 2011 the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified RF-EMF as possibly carcinogenic to humans, highlighting that the evidence was weak and far from conclusive. Updated systematic reviews of the scientific literature on this topic are lacking, especially for mechanistic studies. ObjectivesTo perform a systematic review of the scientific literature on genotoxic effects induced by RF-EMF in in vitro experimental models. The overall aim is to assess the confidence and level of evidence of the induced effects in mammalian cell cultures. MethodsFull details regarding the eligibility criteria, information sources, and methods developed to assess risk of bias in the included study, are reported in our published protocol (Romeo et al. 2021). The databases NCBI PubMed, Web of Science, and EMF-Portal were used as information sources (last searched on 31st December 2022). In developing the systematic review, we followed the guidelines provided by the National Toxicology Program-Office of Health Assessment and Translation (NTP-OHAT), adapted to the evaluation of in vitro studies. A narrative synthesis of the body of evidence was performed by tabulating data classified according to meaningful groups (endpoints) and sub-groups (exposure parameters). This report, abstract included, conforms to the PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. ResultsOut of 7750 unique records identified, 159 articles were eligible for inclusion. From the extracted data, we identified 1111 experiments (defined as independent specific combinations of diverse biological and electromagnetic parameters). The large majority (80%) of experiments reviewed did not show statistically significant genotoxic effects of RF-EMF exposures, and most “positive” studies were rated as of moderate to low quality, with negative ratings in the key bias domains. A qualitative evidence appraisal was conducted at the endpoint level, and then integrated across endpoints. DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of the scientific literature on genotoxic effects in mammalian cell cultures in relation to RF-EMF exposure, which confirms and strengthens conclusions from previous syntheses of this specific topic thanks to the use of transparently reported methods, pre-defined inclusion criteria, and formal assessment of susceptibility to bias. Limitations of the evidence included were the frequent reporting of findings in graphical display only, and the large heterogeneity of experimental data, which precluded a meta-analysis. ConclusionsIn the assessment restricted to studies reporting a significant effect of the exposure on the outcome, we reached an overall assessment of “low” confidence in the level of evidence that RF-EMF induce genotoxic effects in mammalian cells However, 80% of experiments reviewed showed no effect of RF exposure on the large majority of endpoints, especially the irreversible ones, independently of the exposure features, level, and duration (moderate evidence of no effect). Therefore, we conclude that the analysis of the papers included in this review, although only qualitative, suggests that RF exposure does not increase the occurrence of genotoxic effects in vitro. Framework and fundingThis systematic review addresses one of the evidence streams considered in a larger systematic review of the scientific literature on the potential carcinogenicity of RF-EMF, performed by scientists from several Italian public research agencies. The project is supported by the Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL) in the framework of the CRA with the Istituto Superiore di Sanità “BRiC 2018/06 – Scientific evidence on the carcinogenicity of electromagnetic fields”.

Radiofrequency field inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells via modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of radiofrequency exposure on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells, along with the underlying mechanisms. RAW264.7 cells were subjected to radiofrequency exposure at three distinct power densities: 50 µW/cm2, 150 µW/cm2, and 450 µW/cm2. The results showed that, among the three dosage levels, exposure to 150 µW/cm2 of radiofrequency radiation significantly reduced the proliferation capacity of RAW264.7 cells. RF exposure at three power densities resulted in significant increases in the level of osteoclast apoptosis and notable decreases in osteoclast differentiation. Notably, the most pronounced effects on apoptosis, differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells were observed at the 150 µW/cm2 power density. These effects were accompanied by concurrent decreases in mRNA and protein levels of osteoclast-specific genes, including RANK, NFATc1, and TRACP. Furthermore, radiofrequency exposure at power density of 150 µW/cm2 induced a significant decrease in cytoplasmic NF-κB protein levels while increasing its nuclear fraction, thereby counteracting the effects of RANKL-induced NF-κB activation. These data suggest that radiofrequency exerts inhibitory properties on RANKL-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity, subsequently indirectly suppressing the expression of downstream NF-κB target genes, such as NFATc1 and TRACP. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that radiofrequency radiation effectively inhibits osteoclast differentiation by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings have important implications for potential therapeutic interventions in osteoporosis.

Evaluation of the RF depositions at 3T in routine clinical scans with respect to the SAR safety to improve efficiency of MRI utilization.

This study explores the potential for improving of 3T MRI utilization by assessing and tailoring RF exposure in routine clinical scans while complying to standard safety limit. Using two generic human body models, we evaluated pbSAR10g values at four landmark positions (knee, pelvis, thoracic spine, head) at different wbSAR levels. Specifically, weanalyzed local SAR10g in different operating modes and computed the maximum safety wbSAR, ensuring compliance with IEC limits. In normal operating mode, the RF power deposition reached wbSAR limit before the pbSAR10g limit. In the first level controlled operating mode, pbSAR10g limit is reached before the wbSAR limit in the knee, thoracic spine scanning scenarios, while the wbSAR limit is reached first in the pelvis scanning scenarios, making it the most potential-releasing (up to 33.33 %) scanning scenario. For head exposure, the head SAR10g limit is reached before the wbSAR limit, highlighting the necessity for strict SAR control. Moreover, we calculated the minimum allowable TR for common imaging sequences for reference. Different RF exposure setups are necessary to meet safety standards in various scenarios. By implementing careful RF exposure setups in routine clinical scans, the high potential capacity of 3T MRI can be fully released.

Enhancing Microstructural, Thermal, Mechanical, and Corrosion Response of a Bio/Eco‐Compatible Mg–2Zn–1Ca–0.3Mn Alloy Using Two Types of Cryogenic Treatments

Biocompatible Mg–2Zn–1Ca–0.3Mn is synthesized using the disintegrated metal deposition process and subjected to two types of cryogenic treatments (refrigeration [RF] at −20 and −196 °C using liquid nitrogen) with a target to improve microstructural, thermal, mechanical, and electrochemical responses. The material exhibits densification and grain refinement after these treatments, which improves the physical, thermal, compressive, and corrosion responses. While both RF and liquid nitrogen exposures improve the overall combination of properties, overall improvement in properties is best met with RF treatment at −20 °C. In the results of this work, the efficacy of low energy option (RF) is convincingly established rather than liquid nitrogen exposure (as conventionally practiced) to enhance microstructure and properties.

Noninvasive bipolar radiofrequency - vaginal application on swine model

The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentration of collagen and elastin fibers, the number of fibroblasts/fibrocytes and vessels, as well as depth of action in the vaginal wall in a swine model before and after intravaginal 480 kHz bipolar radiofrequency heating created by a 360-degree intravaginal applicator (Berger and Kraft Medical). Three swine’s were treated with a bipolar radiofrequency vaginal probe. Exposure to RF was administered twice, every 4 weeks, and then the vaginas were removed after slaughter, four weeks after the last RF exposure. Histology specimens were obtained from control and exposed areas. Tissue samples were stained by hematoxylin-eosin, orcein, and Mallory trichrome. The concentration of elastin and collagen fibers increased distinctly after a treatment protocol: elastin, on average, was 52.8%, and collagen, on average, was 103.6%. After the treatment protocol, we revealed a significant dispersion of fibroblasts-fibrocytes nuclei for particular animals in segmented areas, with a slightly marked falling trend. A degree of data variability cannot lead to a conclusion concerning the influence of RF heating on several vessels in evaluated areas. The depth of action of the RF heating, measured by collagen concentration, reached up to 1.3 mm of the vaginal wall thickness. Results imply that heating of the vaginal wall, created by radiofrequency, induces neocollagenogenesis and neoelastogenesis, leading to a distinctive rise of collagen and elastin fibers concentration at a depth of up to 1.3 mm of the thickness of the vaginal wall in the animal model.

Modeling and measurement of lead tip heating and resonant length for implanted, insulated wires.

To study implant lead tip heating because of the RF power deposition by developing mathematical models and comparing them with measurements acquired at 1.5 T and 3 T, especially to predict resonant length. A simple exponential model and an adapted transmission line model for the electric field transfer function were developed. A set of wavenumbers, including that calculated from insulated antenna theory (King wavenumber) and that of the embedding medium were considered. Experiments on insulated, capped wires of varying lengths were performed to determine maximum temperature rise under RF exposure. The results are compared with model predictions from analytical expressions derived under the assumption of a constant electric field, and with those numerically calculated from spatially varying, simulated electric fields from body coil transmission. Simple expressions for the resonant length bounded between one-quarter and one-half wavelength are developed based on the roots of transcendental equations. The King wavenumber for both models more closely matched the experimental data with a maximum root mean square error of 9.81°C at 1.5 T and 5.71°C at 3 T compared to other wavenumbers with a maximum root mean square error of 27.52°C at 1.5 T and 22.01°C for 3 T. Resonant length was more accurately predicted compared to values solely based on the embedding medium. Analytical expressions were developed for implanted lead heating and resonant lengths under specific assumptions. The value of the wavenumber has a strong effect on the model predictions. Our work could be used to better manage implanted device lead tip heating.

Effect of surgical modification of deep brain stimulation lead trajectories on radiofrequency heating during MRI at 3T: from phantom experiments to clinical implementation.

Radiofrequency (RF) tissue heating around deep brain stimulation (DBS) leads is a well-known safety risk during MRI, resulting in strict imaging guidelines and limited allowable protocols. The implanted lead's trajectory and orientation with respect to the MRI electric fields contribute to variations in the magnitude of RF heating across patients. Currently, there are no surgical requirements for implanting the extracranial portion of the DBS lead, resulting in substantial variations in clinical lead trajectories and consequently RF heating. Recent studies have shown that incorporating concentric loops in the extracranial lead trajectory can reduce RF heating. However, optimal positioning of the loops and the quantitative benefit of trajectory modification in terms of added safety margins during MRI remain unknown. In this study, the authors systematically evaluated the characteristics of DBS lead trajectories that minimize RF heating during 3T MRI to develop the best surgical practices for safe access to postoperative MRI, and they present the first surgical implementation of these modified trajectories. The authors performed experiments to assess the maximum temperature increase of 244 distinct lead trajectories. They investigated the effect of the position, number, and size of the concentric loops on the skull. Experiments were performed in an anthropomorphic phantom implanted with a commercial DBS system, and RF exposure was generated by applying a high specific absorption rate sequence (B1+rms = 2.7 µT). The authors conducted test-retest experiments to assess the reliability of measurements. Additionally, they evaluated the effect of imaging landmarks and perturbations to the DBS device configuration on the efficacy of low-heating trajectories. Finally, two neurosurgeons implanted the recommended modified trajectories in patients, and the authors characterized their RF heating in comparison with unmodified trajectories. The maximum temperature increase ranged from 0.09°C to 7.34°C. The authors found that increasing the number of loops and positioning them closer to the surgical burr hole, particularly for the contralateral lead, substantially reduced RF heating. These trajectory modifications were easily incorporated during the surgical procedure and resulted in a threefold reduction in RF heating. Surgically modifying the extracranial portion of the DBS lead trajectory can substantially reduce RF heating during 3T MRI. The authors' results indicate that simple adjustments to the lead's configuration, such as small, concentric loops near the burr hole, can be readily adopted during DBS lead implantation to improve patient safety during MRI.

The impact of radiofrequency exposure on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) development.

Wireless communication connects billions of people worldwide, relying on radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). Generally, fifth-generation (5G) networks shift RF carriers to higher frequencies. Although radio, cell phones, and television have benefitted humans for decades, higher carrier frequencies can present potential health risks. Insects closely associated with humans (such as mosquitoes) can undergo increased RF absorption and dielectric heating. This process inadvertently impacts the insects' behaviour, morphology, and physiology, which can influence their spread. Therefore, this study examined the impact of RF exposure on Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, which are prevalent in indoor environments with higher RF exposure risk. The morphologies of Ae. aegypti eggs and their developments into Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were investigated. A total of 30 eggs were exposed to RF radiation at three frequencies: baseline, 900 MHz, and 18 GHz. Each frequency was tested in triplicate. Several parameters were assessed through daily observations in an insectarium, including hatching responses, development times, larval numbers, and pupation periods until the emergence of adult insects. This study revealed that the hatching rate for the 900 MHz group was the highest (79 ± 10.54%) compared to other exposures (p = 0.87). The adult emergence rate for the 900 MHz group was also the lowest at 33 ± 2.77%. A significant difference between the groups was demonstrated in the statistical analysis (p = 0.03). This work highlighted the morphology sensitivity of Ae. aegypti eggs and their developments in the aquatic phase to RF radiation, potentially altering their life cycle.

Statistical Analysis of the Actual RF Exposure From Massive MIMO Base Stations Serving Moving User Equipment

Statistical Analysis of the Actual RF Exposure From Massive MIMO Base Stations Serving Moving User Equipment

Conservative Analytical Assessments of Localized RF Exposure From Small Magnetic Field Sources

Conservative Analytical Assessments of Localized RF Exposure From Small Magnetic Field Sources

Age Matters: A Comparative Study of RF Heating of Epicardial and Endocardial Electronic Devices in Pediatric and Adult Phantoms during Cardiothoracic MRI.

This study focused on the potential risks of radiofrequency-induced heating of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) in children and adults with epicardial and endocardial leads of varying lengths during cardiothoracic MRI scans. Infants and young children are the primary recipients of epicardial CIEDs, though the devices have not been approved as MR conditional by the FDA due to limited data, leading to pediatric hospitals either refusing the MRI service to most pediatric CIED patients or adopting a scan-all strategy based on results from adult studies. The study argues that risk-benefit decisions should be made on an individual basis. We used 120 clinically relevant epicardial and endocardial device configurations in adult and pediatric anthropomorphic phantoms to determine the temperature rise during RF exposure at 1.5 T. The results showed that there was significantly higher RF heating of epicardial leads than endocardial leads in the pediatric phantom, but not in the adult phantom. Additionally, body size and lead length significantly affected RF heating, with RF heating up to 12 °C observed in models based on younger children with short epicardial leads. The study provides evidence-based knowledge on RF-induced heating of CIEDs and highlights the importance of making individual risk-benefit decisions when assessing the potential risks of MRI scans in pediatric CIED patients.

Personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in various occupations in Spain and France

BackgroundA preliminary job-exposure matrix (JEM) for radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) was created based on self-reported occupational information from a multi-country population-based study of approximately 10,000 participants combined with available measurement data compiled in a source-exposure matrix (spot measurements). In order to address the limited personal occupational RF-EMF measurement data available in the literature, we performed a measurement campaign among workers in various occupations in Spain and France. MethodsPersonal full-shift measurements were conducted using RadMan 2XT™ (Narda) devices. A worker diary was used to capture information on occupational and background sources of RF exposure during the shift. Inclusion of occupations to be measured was initially based on exposure prevalence and level information in the preliminary JEM and expert judgment. ResultsPersonal full-shift measurements were conducted among 333 workers representing 46 ISCO88 occupations. Exposure to electric (E) and magnetic (H) fields was infrequent with >99% of measurements below the detection limit of the device (≥1% of the 1998 ICNIRP standards). A total of 50.2% and 77.2% of workers were ever exposed to E and H fields respectively (having at least one recorded 1-second measurement above the detection limit). Workers in elementary occupations, technicians and associate professionals, plant and machine operators and assemblers had somewhat greater numbers of measurements above the detection limit, higher maximum values and longer exposure durations. A small proportion of measurements were ≥100% of the standards, though these exceedances were brief (generally a few seconds in duration). Female workers and workers reporting use of any RF-EMF emitting source were more likely to have a measured exposure to E and H fields. ConclusionWe conducted personal RF-EMF measurements among workers in various occupations in Spain and France. Overall, RF-EMF exposure ≥1 % ICNIRP was infrequent, despite some intermittent exposures ≥100% observed among workers in some occupations.

Therapeutic effects of melatonin in long-term exposure to 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation on rat sperm characteristics

IntroductionRadiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) are one of the risk factors for male reproductive health and melatonin can be an ideal candidate for therapeutic development against RF-induced male fertility problems due to its antioxidant properties. The possible therapeutic role of melatonin in the destructive effects of 2100MHz RF radiation on rat sperm characteristics is investigated in the present study. MethodsWistar albino rats were divided into four groups and the experiment continued for ninety consecutive days; Control, Melatonin (10mg/kg, subcutaneously), RF (2100MHz, thirty minutes per day, whole-body), and RF+Melatonin groups. Left caudal epididymis and ductus deferens tissues were placed in sperm wash solution (at 37°C) and dissected. The sperms were counted and stained. Measurements of the perinuclear ring of the manchette and posterior portion of the nucleus (ARC) were performed and the sperms were examined at an ultrastructural level. All of the parameters were evaluated statistically. ResultsThe percentages of abnormal sperm morphology were significantly increased with RF exposure, while the total sperm count was significantly decreased. RF exposure also showed harmful effects on acrosome, axoneme, mitochondrial sheath, and outer dense fibers at the ultrastructural level. The number of total sperms, sperms with normal morphology increased, and ultrastructural appearance returned to normal by melatonin administration. DiscussionThe data showed that melatonin may be a beneficial therapeutic agent for long-term exposure of 2100MHz RF radiation-related reproductive impairments.

RF Health Safety Limits and Recommendations [Health Matters

The rapid proliferation of cellular mobile telecommunication devices and systems is raising public health concerns about the biological effects and safety of RF radiation exposure. There is also concern about the efficacy of promulgated health safety limits, rules, and recommendations for the RF radiation used by these devices and systems. This article reviews and discusses the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) notices and rules, International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines, and International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety (ICES) standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (EMFs). The recently revised RF exposure limits are adjusted only for heating with RF radiation. These limits are largely intended to restrict short-term heating by RF radiation that raises tissue temperatures. They are narrow in scope and are not applicable to long-term exposure at low levels. This review discusses the assumptions underlying the standards and the outdated exposure metrics employed, and concludes that the revised guidelines do not adequately protect children, workers, or the public from exposure to RF radiation or people with sensitivity to electromagnetic radiation from wireless devices and systems. Furthermore, the review discusses important animal data that the standards do not appear to take into account. Moreover, for millimeter-wave radiation from 5G mobile communications, there are no adequate human health effects studies in the published literature. The conclusions by scientific organizations, such as the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), that diverge from these standards are also discussed. The review concludes that many of the recommended limits are debatable and require more scientific justification from the standpoint of safety and public health protection.

Radiofrequency personal exposimetry during outdoor entertainment of young adults: a case study.

Radiofrequency (RF) exposure has grown substantially over time in the public area. Personal dosimetry measurements are intended to estimate how human RF exposure relates to exposure limits that do not pose a health risk. For our case study, an outdoor festival was chosen to assess realistic RF exposure of young adults during their entertainment. Band-selective RF exposure-sorted along 2G-4G uplinks and downlinks, 5G and Wi-Fi bands-was evaluated. Electric field strength data subsets were classified on the basis of activities as well as crowd density. 2G contributed the most to the overall RF exposure. Highest RF exposure was associated with attendance in a concert. In moderately crowded situations, RF exposure was higher than in the most crowded ones. However, the total measured electric field values were higher than in other outdoor environment, but still far below the national and international directives of regulatory RF-EMF exposure limits.

Incongruities in recently revised radiofrequency exposure guidelines and standards

The currently promulgated RF exposure guidelines and standards cover the entire range of RF radiation and apply predominantly to restrict RF-induced short-term heating and in guarding against raising tissue temperatures, including the 5G frequencies. There are substantial abnormalities in these putative health safety protection guidelines and standards. Some of the safety limits are irrelevant, debatable, and absent of scientific justification from the standpoint of safety and public health protection. Also, the cellular mobile 5G technology is hailed as a speedier and more secure wireless communication technology than its predecessor systems. The key supporting architecture uses millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and antenna array technology to achieve better directivity, lower latency, and elevated data transmission rates. For radiation protection, it is not obvious whether the health effects of 5G mm-wave radiations would be analogous or not to radiations from previous generations (which was classified as possibly carcinogenic in humans by IARC). The interaction of mm-waves with the structure and function of pertinent cellular elements and cutaneous neuroreceptors in the skin are of special concern. The current scientific database is inadequate at mm wavelengths to render a trustworthy appraisal or to reach a judgment with confidence.

Evaluation of Viral Inactivation on Dry Surface by High Peak Power Microwave (HPPM) Exposure.

Previous research has shown that virus infectivity can be dramatically reduced by radio frequency exposure in the gigahertz (GHz) frequency range. Given the worldwide SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which has caused over 1 million deaths and has had a profound global economic impact, there is a need for a noninvasive technology that can reduce the transmission of virus among humans. RF is a potential wide area-of-effect viral decontamination technology that could be used in hospital rooms where patients are expelling virus, in grocery and convenience stores where local populations mix, and in first responder settings where rapid medical response spans many potentially infected locations within hours. In this study, we used bovine coronavirus (BCoV) as a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2 and exposed it to high peak power microwave (HPPM) pulses at four narrowband frequencies: 2.8, 5.6, 8.5, and 9.3 GHz. Exposures consisted of 2 µs pulses delivered at 500 Hz, with pulse counts varied by decades between 1 and 10,000. The peak field intensities (i.e. the instantaneous power density of each pulse) ranged between 0.6 and 6.5 MW/m2 , depending on the microwave frequency. The HPPM exposures were delivered to plastic coverslips containing BCoV dried on the surface. Hemagglutination (HA) and cytopathic effect analyses were performed 6 days after inoculation of host cells to assess viral infectivity. No change in viral infectivity was seen with increasing dose (pulse number) across the tested frequencies. Under all conditions tested, exposure did not reduce infectivity more than 1.0 log10. For the conditions studied, high peak power pulsed RF exposures in the 2-10 GHz range appear ineffective as a virucidal approach for hard surface decontamination. © 2023 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

FDTD-based SAR calculation of a wearable antenna for wireless body area network devices

AbstractWireless-connected wearable electronics are finding extensive usage for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes after the globally spread pandemic disease of COVID-19. Although they are undoubtedly helpful for keeping physical distance, their health effects are still under investigation from different aspects and are still a concern for the end-users. In this study, a custom M-shaped wearable antenna covering the wireless body area network and wireless local area network frequencies is designed, built, and measured. A beret cap made from a 2 mm thick textile is used as a substrate. The specific absorption rate (SAR) in a realistic human-head model due to electromagnetic energy produced by the antenna is evaluated using the finite-difference time-domain method. The SAR distributions for 1-g and 10-g tissues are calculated at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz. It is shown that the obtained maximum SAR values for 1-g and 10-g tissues at each frequency of interest were less than the limits determined by IEEE RF exposure guidelines and standards.

Pre-Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields and Induction of Radioadaptive Response in Rats Irradiated with High Doses of X-Rays

Background: Some evidence shows that a pre-exposure to RF can mitigate the effects of subsequent exposures to high doses of ionizing radiation.Objective: We aimed to assess the effect of a pre-exposure to non-ionizing RF radiation on survival, weight changes, food consumption, and water intake of lethally irradiated rats.Material and Methods: In this case-control study, we used a commercial mobile phone (GSM, 900/1800 MHz) as well as a 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi router as the sources of pre-exposure to RF radiation. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into six groups of control, “8 Gy X-rays”, mobile phone, “mobile phone+8 Gy”, Wi-Fi, and “Wi-Fi+8 Gy”. Then, the survival fraction, weight loss, water, and food consumption changes were compared in different groups. Results: The survival analysis indicated that the survival rates in all of the exposed animals (“8 Gy X-rays”, “mobile phone+8 Gy”, “Wi-Fi+8 Gy”) were significantly lower than the control, “Wi-Fi”, and “mobile phone” groups. The changes in survival rates of “mobile+8 Gy”, “Wi-Fi+8 Gy”, and 8 Gy alone were not statistically significant. However, food and water intake were significantly affected by exposure to both RF pre-exposures and exposure to high dose ionizing radiation.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, the existence of a dose window for the induction of AR can be the cause of the lack of AR in our experiment. Our findings confirm that in a similar pattern with the adaptive responses induced by pre-exposure to ionizing radiation, the induction of adaptive response by RF-pre-exposures requires a minimum level of damage to trigger adaptive phenomena.