Revolutionary Phenomenon Research Articles

Uma Perspetiva Histórica sobre a Revolução de 25 de Abril de 1974

This article aims to carry out a comparative analysis between the Revolution of April 25, 1974, and its two predecessor revolutions in Contemporary Portugal (1910 and 1820). The objective is to understand the relative importance of each revolution, identify the common traits among them, and distinguish the unique characteristics that individualize them. Additionally, this study seeks to detect the legacies these revolutionary phenomena have left on Portuguese society.

Online Instruction: a Revolutionary Phenomenon in the 21st Century Education in India

The world of the 21st century is dominated by digital technology. In this age of information and technology, online educational approaches are continuously expanding. Online education is becoming increasingly popular in India due to universities and colleges digitizing, internet penetration and student demand. RedSeer Consulting predicts that India's online education market (especially higher education and lifelong learning) will reach 5 billion U.S. dollars by 2025, driven by the government's focus on designing online education programs, strengthening digital infrastructure and meeting students' rising demand for upskilling. Numerous innovative technologies and strategies transform the entire educational system. Today, online education is extremely popular and its popularity is developing rapidly day by day. This trend was further accelerated by covid-19 pandemic. Prior to the pandemic, only a handful of educational institutions around the world truly utilized offline learning techniques. According to UNESCO, when Covid-19 occurred, 98% of the global student population in 191 countries shifted from offline to online learning. Google Classrooms, Zoom, and Microsoft Teams were among the most prominent platforms that enabled this transformation.

5G is not Just Another G: A Review of the Managerial Literature

Due to the higher range of markets and applications opportunities it brings, the fifth generation of mobile communications (5G) cannot be considered just a technological transition, as it was for earlier generations of cellular technology, rather it represents a revolutionary phenomenon which could deeply change the competitive landscape for wireless services. According to the literature, it is “one of the most complex technologies seen over the past decade both in terms of technical development and business implications”. However, on one hand, the 5G is a hotly discussed topic from a technical perspective, on the other the managerial literature appears ambiguous and fragmented in the way it is presented. Such absence recalls for a paper whose purpose is to position the 5G search thread also in the managerial literature. For this reason, the work aims to systematize previous knowledge and identify potential research directions related to the strategic adoption of 5G technology. To answer the underlying research question regarding the state of the art of the 5G in the strategy domain, a systematic search has been done, then, on the selected papers, a conceptual review has been carried out to identify (i) the “business reconfigurations” of 5G technology, (ii) the boundary conditions, intended as the conditions of existence of a 5G business case, (iii) the barriers, which instead hinder the development of cases. The research provides useful implications to both the theory and practice: from a theoretical perspective, it represents one of the first studies concerning 5G which is not strictly related to a specific industry or scenario. Secondly, the challenges and gaps identified generate research questions which can be traceable also to a general and more theoretical context, such as the business model innovation literature, where the strategic adoption of new technological paradigms entails further investigations. From a practitioner’s perspective, it provides useful insights regarding 5G adoption for increasing actors’ awareness of such technological innovation, especially concerning their attitude change which is needed to seize the business opportunities it embraces.

Del arma al urna. Punto final y la vía chilena al socialismo 1969-1973.

The period 1969-1973, in what refers to the electoral campaign that led Salvador Allende to become Chilean president (1970) and his “Popular Unity” government are observed as an object of interest and reflection for a revolutionary instrument: the Magazine “Punto Final”. This, since in its pages it is possible to observe some theoretical coordinates around how a revolutionary phenomenon is configured, specifically when it is understood as connected and intertwined with other processes of vindication in Latin America or because it is used in a different way to incorporate a a series of agents in the revolutionary narrative that is first constructed in opposition to the peaceful path and support for imperialism with which the period of Eduardo Frei Montalva (1964-1970) is signed, and then because it is constructed as a path towards socialism that it is based on the construction of alliances

Fiscal Decentralisation and Local Government Reform: Adaptation in Ukraine Experience of Poland and Lithuania

An effective local government system is one of the basic platforms for the functioning of the country in crisis conditions and the key to a successful post-war recovery of the economy at all levels. Studying the experience of European countries, primarily neighboring countries, greatly facilitates the construction of an optimal model of such a model. The article analyzes the fiscal innovations of Poland in detail, taking into account the identity of the administrative-territorial system and the identity of the formation of local self-government bodies. The indisputable advantage of the introduction of innovative fiscal regimes (Estonian СIT) for the economy of Poland has been established. The conclusions are convincingly illustrated by the dynamics of Poland's GDP growth and the rankings of Poland and the Baltic countries in the world rankings of tax capacity. The study of the experience of Lithuania in the field of reforming the territorial organization of power, carried out in the article, led to the ascertainment of revolutionary phenomena introduced by the neighboring country during both stages of administrative reform. Namely: the presence of a financial self-control mechanism implemented at the sub-regional level and an exceptional example of the delegation of powers from local self-government to a territorial unit managed by a civil servant (and not vice versa). Effective recommendations on borrowing Polish and Lithuanian experience and adapting it to modern conditions of Ukraine's development have been provided. It was established that dialogue with local civil society is the driving force behind the effectiveness of local self-government reform measures. This feature should be used by Ukraine during the completion of the process of reforming local self-government.

THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF CREATIVE ECONOMICS RESEARCH

The economic well-being and power of a country depend on a number of factors, including the availability of natural resources, a favorable geographical location relative to world trade routes, and a developed industry. However, today one of the most promising areas for the state economy is the development of the creative economy. It, as a phenomenon, emerged in the late twentieth century, and the XXI – was the beginning of the development and expansion of the concept. The cultural and creative industries operate in a complex business environment, where they are defined by standard provisions relating to business, as well as intellectual property rights, taxation and many other issues. Thus, the regulatory framework should promote the artistic development, provision and regulation of entrepreneurial activity, while encouraging and preserving the cultural diversity of the whole of Europe, including Ukraine. The cultural sector is constantly changing, this revolutionary phenomenon is caused by changes in digital security. In response to these changes, the issue of regulating the concept of creative industries arises, and therefore governments are increasingly needing to assess and implement the regulatory framework. Thus, further sustainable development of the creative sector of the economy will have a positive impact on job creation, increase corporate profits, increase incomes, develop infrastructure, increase the tourist attractiveness of destinations, increase the flow of foreign tourists and more. In addition, much of the creative and intellectual resources around the world are invested in culture. Human creativity, innovations and ideas, both at the individual and social levels, are the key factors in the industry and the real wealth of the state today.

Сравнительно-исторический анализ в прогнозировании революций

The article considers the problem of forecasting revolutions – one of the main issues raised in social sciences whose solution meets objective and subjective difficulties. Researchers radically diverge in the possibility of predicting revolutions, as well as in the question of whether revolutions have a future or the era of revolutions has passed. An opportunity to predict revolution is important, but most often in forecasts this socio-political phenomenon is substituted for attempts of predicting explosions of social protest in its mass and radical forms which can lead to a change of power. The analysis of revolutions allows, with a huge share of probability, concluding that revolutions have a chance to occur where they never occurred, except for specific cases when certain countries already avoided revolutions. To reach the aim, the author offers a combination of two approaches: (1) a comparative-historical analysis of revolutions as a socio-political phenomenon of the modern era and (2) a method of analogies – if a phenomenon occurs under certain conditions in one country or group of the countries, then this phenomenon, most likely, will also happen in other countries with similar conditions. To solve the problem, the author considers exclusively demonstrations of the phenomenon of revolutions for the period of modern and contemporary history, since forecasting is based on methods of comparative historical analysis and analogies and the article does not set historical and philosophical problems about the possibility in the future of revolutionary phenomena similar to those that took place in antiquity, or to communist revolutions. In the author’s opinion, the revolution as a process consists of three components: (1) social protest in mass and radical forms; (2) coup d’état (change of political power); (3) reforms in the state (significant changes in the system). In the absence of one of the components, the term “revolution” is not applicable. Violation of this rule leads to the blurring of the boundaries of the phenomenon and the dragging into it of other political and socio-political phenomena (coups, reforms, mass protests, etc.). A comparative analysis of more than sixty revolutions identifies two types by external characteristics (algorithm and consequences): basic and corrective (including six models of the revolution algorithm, three in each form). Then the author analyzes options for a norevolution path for various states. This approach allowed the following conclusions. (1) For the majority of the countries, the era of revolutions has come to an end. (2) A large number of the countries of Africa and some countries of Asia have a forthcoming long civilization period before conditions for the revolutions of the modern era mature. (3) In the short and medium terms, a number of countries have prospects of revolutions. At the same time, in connection with globalization and internationalization of the ideas and technologies, these countries can undergo necessary transitions in the evolutionary way through reforms, avoiding revolutionary explosions.

La cuestión de la laicidad en Augusto Del Noce

Augusto Del Noce's reflections on modernity range from the analysis of revolutionary phenomena to the recovery of traditional values in secularized societies. From this point of view, he belongs to the current of political thought that in contemporary times has attempted to rethink the category of secularisation in order to move away not only from secularism, which does not admit any relationship between religion and the public sphere, but also from an archeological utopia that seeks to re-establish a close link between religious values and the institutional structures of politics. Today's politics must overcome this sterile antinomy in order to establish a healthy relationship between the ethical-religious dimensions of democracy and its inescapable autonomy.

Democracy without democrats, identity-formation and religions: The challenge of cross-pollinating self-perception in the post-Arabic spring contexts

A decade has passed since the breaking out of the ‘Arabic Spring’ revolutionary phenomena all over the Arab World’s societies. Many challenging and radically intriguing developments and ramifications have eventuated out of that era and led the Arab World’s context into unchartered territories of existence and self-understanding. This essay pauses at one of the particular challenges that faces this Sitz im Leben, namely the question of identity-formation and self-perception processes. It argues that the Arab states do manifest in their political and statehood situations a political situation of democracy that is run by ‘non-democrats’. The essay then suggests that this democracy of non-democrats is the outcome of the prevalence of an identity-formation and self-perception rationales that are rooted in crudely religious Weltanschauung that, far from maintaining distinction and particularity individually and communally, turns alterity into a self-otherizing dogma expressive of contrariety and stark divisive and discriminative relatedness to the other. The essay, finally, suggests that liberating the identity-formation process from the dogmatic attempt at turning religion into ‘identity’ per se is the first required step towards a more cross-pollinating and symbiotic relationality between the different persons and groups who live in that context.

Из истории русско-французских музыкальных связей (гастроли арфистов в России в середине XIX в.)

In the middle of the XIX century the musical component of Russia’s cultural ties with Europe significantly increased. This was due to the emergence of romanticism – a revolutionary phenomenon in all forms of art. The touring activity of its creators was a characteristic feature of musical romanticism. Outstanding composers, masterly playing their instruments, introduced a lot of new things to the technique of playing them and to the imaginative sphere of music. They sought to promote their skills in major cities around the world, including St. Petersburg and Moscow. The announcement of their performances and laudatory reviews in the press seemed to fully reflect the state of Russia’s relations with European musical reality. However, the organizational side of the tour, which required a lot of effort on the part of the host and on the part of the tour operators, was not disclosed in the official press. This hidden work was carried out thanks to acquaintances abroad of representatives of the domestic elite with the best musicians in Europe and through their private correspondence. It was done through personal contacts of the Russian enlightened amateurs, which more accurately reflected the depth and nature of our country’s ties with the culture of other countries. The author studied the archival sources in search of information about the appearance in Russia of some guest performers, the structure of their performances and life. The memoirs of contemporaries contain interesting details and direct impressions of the musicians’ playing. This article attempts to show the true value of harpists’ concert touring in our country, their resounding success, noted by the official press. The author highlights the educational role of Russian highly educated music lovers in establishing ties with the best professional musicians in Europe in the middle of the XIX century.

Echoes of Oscar Schlemmer’s "Triadic Ballet" in Modern Clothing Design

Research aim – to find out the peculiarities of the work of the German artist of the Bauhaus school Oscar Schlemmer and to determine his influence on modern clothing design; identify opportunities for the use of artistic means and techniques of the «Triadic Ballet» in the project activities of clothing designers. Research methods. The methodological principles of the study are based on a comprehensive art analysis of Oscar Schlemmer creative work, historical and biographical study of the creative works of Weimar school students, which were presented in the avant-garde performance of the «Triadic Ballet». Scientific novelty. The main concepts of Oscar Schlemmer’s creative achievement are traced in the work and the influence of «Triadic Ballet» on modern clothing design was revealed. The practical implementation of the study was echoed in the avant-garde solutions used in the educational and artistic project dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Bauhaus school. Conclusions. The peculiarities of Oscar Schlemmer’s work are determined by his deep view of art, which should be the result of a combination of artistic ideals, new technologies, and craftsmanship. His approach to design activities is based on the close interaction of important concepts that determine the artistic and aesthetic integrity of the design. «Triadic Ballet» became a revolutionary phenomenon in postwar art, which testified to the break in the minds of individuals, the desire to restore life after the war, bringing into its coherence and clarity. The influence and relevance of Oscar Schlemmer’s «Triadic Ballet» on modern clothing design lie in a deep understanding of the essence of man and form, man and space, man, and his worldview.

The evolution of “entrepreneurial policing”: a review of the literature

PurposeIn the past decade, the concept and theory of “Entrepreneurial Policing” has emerged in academic and policing circles, particularly in a UK context. The purpose of this paper is to collect salient articles from extant but diverse literatures such as policing and criminology to synthesise a literature on it, focussing upon conceptual, theoretical and practical elements.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is based on synthesising a literature using an in-depth review methodology and on analysing it to develop new insights into theoretical elements.FindingsThe findings are that the literature base is diverse and comes from a variety of policing, criminology, entrepreneurship, management, leadership and policy journals. There is a protean literature but at present little conceptual or theoretical clarity.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a need for further empirical research in the form of qualitative face-to-face interviews to be conducted to develop typologies, taxonomies and topographies of entrepreneurial policing (EP). Developing illustrative case studies and teaching cases will educate new generations of police officers into the power and potential of EP as a change agent. This necessitates a change of policing structures, philosophies, processes and practices. From such theoretical groundwork, it is possible at a universal theory of what constitutes EP can be developed and tested. There is a need for commissioned research into the potentially revolutionary phenomenon; a text book and for training courses and seminars on the topic.Practical implicationsThere are a number of practical implications for policing and policy practitioners and for its application in the future. From a policing perspective, an increased awareness of EP and criminal entrepreneurship can have positive outcomes in terms of new policing structures, philosophies, methodologies, practices and processes. From a criminal perspective, it heralds a better understanding of entrepreneurial crime, entrepreneurial criminals and organised crime groups. This could result in entrepreneurship educational programmes for police officers, senior officers and other law enforcement personnel and entrepreneurship awareness training for prisoners and ex-offenders and new avenues for utilising entrepreneurship as a diversion out of crime.Social implicationsThere are also a number of social implications including the need for policy makers and politicians to be aware of the policing–entrepreneurship nexus and to award financial grants to encourage enterprising behaviour across the criminal justice system; encourage entrepreneurs to give back to their local communities; and increase the number of social enterprises in under-privileged communities.Originality/valueThis review is the first of its kind to deal specifically with EP and its evolution.

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN COUNTERING CYBER TERRORISM

In the paper, modern blockchain technologies are called a revolutionary phenomenon, equal in importance to the ingenious invention of the 20th century — the Internet. Originally developed for Bitcoin digital currency and launching the network of the same name, the blockchain technology created a platform for the new type of the Internet, influenced the decentralization of the Network according to the distributed registry principle, and began to be used in various types and combinations for various purposes, including cybersecurity. The paper argues that the use of blockchain technology to ensure cybersecurity is infinite due to such unique properties as reliability, accessibility, high adaptability, economic efficiency, profitability. The use of blockchain technologies to combat cybercrime, including cyberterrorism, may extend to control over financial services, transportation or any other industry. However, the growth of criminal activity using the blockchain technology will also be enhanced if the law enforcement agencies are not technologically competent, can detect these developing centers, determine their actions and destroy plans at a faster pace.

The International Relations Theory and Revolution: Epistemological Debates and Impacts on International Relations

The importance of the study of revolutions and the impact they have had on the evolution and dynamics of international relations, from its theoretical and conceptual aspect and its significance for the system of international relations, is explained. It is argued that the concept of Revolution has been approached with relative systematization by social theory and that there are different visions of the term, according to different ideological, classist and historical interpretations. It is also analyzed from the thinking logic of the different classical schools of International Relations Theory. The author considers that, one hundred years after the October Revolution, it is of vital importance for peoples, in an era characterized by the systemic crisis of the contemporary capitalist economy, which generates serious global problems: climate crises, food crises and political crises. With the multiple crises that humanity is going through, the international scenario could be marked by new revolutionary processes that Lenin called the weakest links in the imperialist chain. The specific characteristics of these changes could contribute qualitatively new elements for the construction of a pluripolar international system, as an alternative to the multipolar recomposition of international relations on the initiative of the United States and the European Union, powers interested in achieving a world balance of power, which serves to perpetuate the domination over the weakest states of the system and the practice of a coordinated policy towards the containment or regression of the global revolutionary phenomenon.

A historical reconstruction of mechanics as a mathematical physical science

According to the widespread opinion of historians, modern mechanics is the result of a revolutionary phenomenon that occurred during the Renaissance, during the so-called scientific revolution, because of the concourse of many factors including the discovery of fundamental mathematical and scientific Archimedean, or more generally Hellenistic, texts, the spread of a Platonic vision of reality in which mathematics played a key role and more in general the affirmation of a mechanistic natural philosophy. I have a different opinion; according to it modern mechanics was primarily born as a natural development of a mechanics carried out by more or less remote mathematicians, of whom Archimedes was an illustrious exponent only. Besides mechanics, these mathematicians developed other sciences known as mixed mathematics: optics, astronomy, music, which are at the basis of modern mathematical physics. This article intends to support this latter opinion making reference to original documents.

Copyright and the Internet: The case of Napster

In the postindustrial world, information is not only a revolutionary phenomenon but also a valuable commodity of exchange, thereby protected by intellectual property rights, copyrights and patents. The interactive nature of the Internet, however, has complicated the notion of intellectual property leading to the debates of whether or not the Internet should be regulated on such basis. This article aims to understand the turn-of-the-21st-century tension between the record industry and the innovative technology of Napster, regarding the question of validity of the legal concept of copyright in an age of Information Revolution. In this paper, the record industry’s attack on Napster due to its development of “peer-2-peer sharing” service, as one of the earliest sample cases concerning the criminalization of the Cyberspace in relation to the issue of copyright will be examined. To achieve this, following an outline of different approaches to the concepts of information society and information revolution, I will address the fundamental question of whether the notion of intellectual property promotes or controls innovation by focusing on the lawsuit of Napster, Inc. vs. A&M Records, Inc.

The Second Arab Awakening: Revolution, Democracy, and the Islamist Challenge from Tunis to Damascus

The Second Arab Awakening: Revolution, Democracy, and the Islamist Challenge from Tunis to Damascus

From Bitcoin to Big Coin: The Impacts of Social Media on Bitcoin Performance

As the world's first completely decentralized digital payment system, the emergence of Bitcoin represents a revolutionary phenomenon in financial markets. This study examines the dynamic relationships between social media and bitcoin performance. We consider the distinct effects of different social media platforms and different user groups subdivided by posting volume. The results suggest that more bullish forum posts have a positive effect on bitcoin returns, and the effect is stronger when we only include the posts by users who are less likely to contribute. In addition, messages on Internet forum have stronger impacts on future bitcoin market measures at a daily frequency, but microblogs’ effects are more significant at an hourly frequency.

A Revisit of the Concept of Interactivity and its Dimensions

With the development of Information and Communication Technologies, social networking platforms have permeated into every aspect of industries and our lives. This new digital phenomenon brings opportunities for companies to reach and communicate with their audiences in different ways. In the same vein, this revolutionary phenomenon has largely accelerated the rate at which relationships develop and information is shared. It is worth noting that during the communication process there has been a growth in the potency of interactivity, which lays emphasis on conversing with audiences rather than merely communicating to them. This paper draws on the literature developed in various disciplines with the help of tri-dimensional features of interactivity identified as active control, two-way communications, and real-time communications. These three principal dimensions are explored within a Weblog context to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concept of interactivity and its dynamics.

Propuesta de un modelo genérico de análisis de la estructura de las narrativas transmedia / Proposal for a generic model of analysis of the structure of transmedia narratives

Las narrativas transmedia son un fenómeno revolucionario cuya expansión ha sido propiciada por la cultura de la convergencia pero, a pesar de que existen múltiples casos de análisis de las mismas, no se ha consolidado un modelo de estudio integral. El objetivo de esta investigación es establecer un modelo genérico de análisis de la estructura de las narrativas transmedia que es posible aplicar a los diferentes productos transmedia para poder conocer su estructura fijando patrones que permitirán entender mejor su funcionamiento. Para ello, se recurre a la realización de una revisión bibliográfica y un análisis de contenido en el que se examinan los métodos propuestos por varios autores a la hora de describir y estudiar narrativas transmedia y que se toman como punto de partida para la creación de un modelo propio.