Revolutionary Action Research Articles

Judas’ Proskynesis

The present article starts from an observation that Mark and Matthew use two different, though cognate words for Judas’ kiss (philein and kataphilein). Kataphilein is omitted from Luke’s passion narrative, while Judas’ kiss as such is absent from John. A closer look is offered at the verb kataphilein in Classical contexts, where it may be synonymous with proskynein (‘to perform a ritual prostration’). It is suggested that what Judas actually performed at Gethsemane was technically proskynesis. Judas’ gesture, perhaps imitated by some of his armed accomplices, was rendered as an unwilling act of reverence to Jesus by some of Judas’ companions in John. It is further argued that the Gethsemane proskynesis was orchestrated in collusion with the temple elites that needed firm evidence of Jesus’ revolutionary activity to obtain the Roman governor’s consent to put Jesus to death (they previously had tried to entrap him in the taxation discourse). As a Roman military unit was present at the arrest of Jesus, Pilate had now several Roman witnesses of the royal style of Jesus, and was forced to act together with the temple elite. This reconstruction speaks for complementarity of the passion narratives in spite of differing highlights of the four evangelists.

Conceptualizing the Turkish Revolution in the Longue Durée

Abstract Through a combination of the methods of theoretical review and historical-narrative analysis, this study seeks to unveil the main catalysts of the Turkish Revolution by addressing its structural and subjective dynamics in tandem. The literature lacks a theoretically-guided and systematic study of the Turkish Revolution, which marked its centenary in 2023—a significant gap that this paper seeks to fill. The article also contributes to the broader field of revolution studies by presenting an integrated framework that transcends the current fragmented state of prevailing theories. Based on a critical synthesis of revolution theories, the first part of our empirical analysis focuses on the structural dynamics underpinning the Turkish Revolution, with special emphasis on two chief factors: administrative and socio-economic breakdown. Demonstrating that the mere existence of class-structural strains and mass grievances does not automatically trigger revolutionary action, the second part reveals how the Revolution unfolded through a convergence of mediating factors associated with collective agency, namely leadership and ideational dynamics.

COMBATING ORGANIZED CRIME IN UKRAINE: CURRENT PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

This article presents the findings of a state-of-the-art analysis of Ukrainian legislation in the field of combating organized crime. The authors focus on specific features of meeting Ukraine’s obligations under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, as well as implementing the provisions of the National Security Strategy of Ukraine (2020), the Strategy of Safeguarding State Security (2022) and the Strategy for Combating Organized Crime (2020). The special services of some foreign states continue intelligence and subversive activities against Ukraine, try to feed separatist sentiments, and use organized criminal groups and corrupt officials to strengthen their influence. In this context, the authors emphasize the need to safeguard state security by intensifying the fight against terrorism and organized crime, and counteracting the erosion of the state apparatus and local self-government bodies, which occurs due to the spread of systemic corruption in state bodies. The authors conclude that Ukraine lacks a systematic approach to combating organized crime, which is manifested through an inadequate level of interaction among law enforcement agencies in the relevant fields, an outdated and unbalanced regulatory framework for combating organized crime, an imperfect procedure for monitoring the criminogenic situation, a lack of a consolidated objective methodology for assessing threats from organized crime, and a reliance on obsolete forms and methods of combat. These factors aggravate problems related to organized crime and the low level of effectiveness of the fight against it. There is a need to consider the establishment of special bodies combating organized crime and the division of the fight against organized crime into strategic and tactical levels. The authors propose to entrust the fight against organized crime at the strategic level to a special-purpose state body with law enforcement functions.

Революционные события 1905-1907 годов на предприятиях Гарелиных в городе Иваново-Вознесенске

The paper studies the revolutionary movement at the Garelins textile enterprises in the period 1905-1907. The author analyzes the conditions in which workers had to work, their interaction with administration, as well as their role in mass strikes and walkouts in Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Based on documents from the State Archive of the Vladimir Region, it was established that revolutionary activity at the Garelins enterprises began almost immediately after the events of January 9, 1905 in St. Petersburg and continued until mid-1907. Thanks to the analysis of documents, it was possible to establish that the main types of revolutionary activities were strikes and walkouts caused by the difficult socio-economic situation of the workers.

Silent Strength and Subversive Acts: Feminist Interpretation of Pather Dabi (The Right of Way)

This research item delivers a feminist interpretation of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay’s novel Pather Dabi (The Right of Way), examining the subtle but powerful forms of resistance embodied by its female characters within the context of colonial Bengal. This article aims to analyze characters like Bharati and Sumitra’s journey in colonial India through their silent strength and subversive acts. The research shows that these women move forward to complex social and political landscapes, contributing significantly to revolutionary movements. Bharati’s intellectual prowess and strategic silences, juxtaposed with Sumitra’s behind-the-scenes activism, exemplify diverse modes of female empowerment and defiance. This paper explores the evolution of feminist ideas in Colonial India, illustrating traditional Indian society and Western ideologies converging to redefine women’s roles. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on gender dynamics in early 20th-century Indian fiction, arguing that Chattopadhyay’s sophisticated portrayal of women rises above conventional narratives of victimhood. By putting forward these often-overlooked aspects of Pather Dabi (The Right of Way), we propose a new framework for understanding female influence in colonial-era Bengali literature, one that recognizes the power of quiet rebellion and the lasting impact of women’s contributions to social change.

Recovered History: Chicanx Representation in the Dual Credit Classroom

Abstract Recent legislation in Texas effectively prohibits K-12 educators from addressing issues of racism and explicitly prevents teachers from discussing the place of racism in Chicanx relations across Texas history. University educators, and dual-credit instructors especially, must intercede if future generations of learners are going to encounter the true and complete history of border culture, colonialism, and the complex relationship that Chicanx people have with the Southern region of the United States. I argue that the use of digital archives and recovered history like the internet project Are We Good Neighbors? Mapping Discrimination Against Mexicans in 1940s Texas, which catalogs racial discrimination through individual testimony, the Library of Congress database of Mexican American documents, and Chicano! History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement offer educators an opportunity to incorporate key research skills into the classroom while also establishing a linear context for liminality as a feature of identity formation in contemporary Chicanx literature. The combination of research and critical inquiry is vital to instructing students on the realities of Chicano relations and introducing them to the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement, a key element of American history that is not only conspicuously absent from most K-12 curricula but also an inescapable influence on identity formation and contemporary discussions around Mexican American relations. The use of digital archives to recover and center Chicanx history is actionable on a small scale and serves as an important opportunity to resist anti-ethnic legislation in real time, a vital act of subversion that sidesteps prolonged challenges to censorship at the legislative level.

Pablo Lafargue Pablo Lafargue Armagnac en la historiografía cubana

Pablo Lafarge was Cuban by birth and French by adoption.A close collaborator of Marx and Engels, he contributed to disseminating and disseminating the new theory, defending it from those who sought to vulgarize it.Imbued with these revolutionary activities he developed a Marxist thought of which very little is known.In the case of Cuban historiography, there have not been many approaches to this historical personality.After a review of the bibliographic documentation, we set the objective of analyzing the studies that have been carried out on Pablo Lafargue Armagnac from Cuba, to reveal the contribution to the reception of this thinker.

Revolution, Counter-Revolution, and Political Violence in Latin America during the Long 1960s

Abstract The article reflects on the strategies of political violence used by Latin American revolutionary and counterrevolutionary actors during the long 1960s. It argues that the notions and practices of political violence used by revolutionary actors were adapted to different social, cultural and geographical realities, so there was no single strategic definition. In the case of the counterrevolution, its practices of violence were mostly linked to state apparatuses and structures, without which its expansion and survival within the public space would have been more difficult.

How Do You Start a Revolution for Systems Medicine in a Health Innovation Ecosystem? Think Orthogonally and Change Assumptions.

This paper defines a revolution as an orthogonal change in direction, a 90-degree perpendicular turn from the status quo ways of thinking, being and doing, so as to create a complete break, an abolitionist rupture with current and past ways of producing knowledge. David Bowie was a relatable example of a revolutionary and orthogonal innovator who completely and courageously broke with the past and the present and opened up new vistas in music and performing arts. The late anthropologist and public intellectual David Graeber also argued that a revolution fundamentally changes the assumptions in a given field of inquiry. Changing the entrenched assumptions that are long ossified, outdated or uncritically internalized by a knowledge community and profession can have multiplying revolutionary effects on downstream knowledge production. Thinking orthogonally to change the prevailing assumptions is indeed a revolutionary act. Orthogonal innovation as described in this paper is not a repackaging of an innovation in a different field. An orthogonal innovation is proposed as coalescence of ideas drawn from orthogonal domains, e.g., epistemologically speaking as in medicine and political theory, with an eye to pave the way for unprecedented social change and innovation. Grounding systems medicine in political determinants of planetary health, to link two fields of inquiry that have remained isolated and orthogonal since the 17th century, is nothing short of a revolution and orthogonal innovation in the making. For systems medicine to be a truly revolutionary field, it ought to acknowledge that there is no single-issue health nor single-issue politics.

Specifics of applying operational and combat measures and tools in counterintelligence operations under the conditions of the ongoing Russian military aggression

The Security Service of Ukraine (SSU) has faced the challange to sophisticate actual and fundamentally new approaches, methods and means of countering threats to national security under conditions of the ongoing full-scale invasion of Russian troops and occupation the territory of Ukraine. The imposition of martial law in Ukraine has considerably expanded the range of practical tasks performed by the bodies and departments of the Security Service of Ukraine. The conditions of the intelligence activities, specific features of counterintelligence activities during the war have been forming new approaches of counterintelligence operations. These factors set and manage new operational and combat tasks for the Security Service of Ukraine. Moreover, SSU is an authorized body in the sphere of counterintelligence activities, that performs tasks of preventing, detecting and analyzing threats to the national security of Ukraine and make challenges to the vital interests of the state. The accomplishment of thesre tasks is plausible on the basis of efficient and prompt identification and threats prevention to the national security of Ukraine, identifying the sources of threats, origin and consequences in order to successfully select methods and means to counter them. The application peculiarities of the operational and combat methods and means by the counterintelligence units of the Security Service of Ukraine during the execution of operational and combat missions in the conditions of the ongoing Russian military aggression against Ukraine are considered in the study. It has been determined that under martial law the counterintelligence units have developed a set of measures to counteract the Russian special services activities as a result of the special tasks that are under provisions of the Security Service of Ukraine. This was accomplished due to the efficiency and enemy goals identification, thoroughly selected methods and forms to prevent intelligence and subversive activities, using appropriate means to overcome the enemy. Mainly, the Security Service of Ukraine adjusts to modern realities, changes, supplements and improves its methods of activity. The Security Service of Ukraine develops a far-sighted strategy, amends its skills with new tactical techniques, creates and uses cutting-edge operational and combat tools and methods, which are transformed and sophisticated in the conditions of war. All these measures prevent threats to national security posed by the enemy. These methods are successfully applied by the counterintelligence units of the Security Service of Ukraine during the execution of operational and combat tasks, and require further theoretical justification.

The conclusion of the Soviet-Afghan “Treaty of Friendship” in the context of new archival sources

New archival documents published in Russia and the United Kingdom make it possible to identify the stages and peculiarities of the negotiation process between Afghanistan and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on the conclusion of the Treaty of Friendship of 1921. The initial aim of Soviet diplomacy in drafting this document was to turn Afghanistan into a foothold for subversive activities against British India. The Afghan Emir Amanullah Khan, in turn, wanted to obtain military and financial aid from Soviet Russia through the Treaty of Friendship to fight Great Britain. His second goal was to strengthen Afghanistan’s position in Turkestan, where he wanted to create a confederation of Central Asian states under his control. As the declassified archival documents of the NKID show, the Soviet government was not prepared to pay such a high price for an agreement with Afghanistan. During the negotiations, there were many pauses caused by the aggravation of Soviet-Afghan rivalry over Bukhara and the amount of Soviet assistance to Amanullah Khan. However, both sides understood the need to establish strong partnerships to stabilize the international position of the RSFSR and independent Afghanistan. For this reason, after difficult negotiations in Kabul and Moscow, the Soviet-Afghan Treaty of Friendship was concluded on February 28, 1921. It allowed Soviet Russia to strengthen its position in Central Asia, creating a significant counterbalance to British intrigues in the region.

Relayed Revolutionary Sentiment: Chinese Appropriation of Russian Nihilism in Popular Literature

ABSTRACT This article examines the relay translation of William Tufnell Le Queux’s (1864–1927) Strange Tales of a Nihilist, which the prominent Chinese translator of nihilist fiction, Chen Jinghan 陳景韓 (1878–1965), completed based on Matsui Shōyō’s 松居松葉 (1870–1933) Japanese rendering. By exploring the transcultural process through which a story of Russian nihilism traveled from Europe to East Asia, the author tests the translatability of the revolutionary structure of feeling across different cultures. The author reveals how English and Japanese media and literature inspired Chinese interpretations of Russian nihilism, and how a key Chinese translator channeled his own revolutionary commitments through intensive borrowing of traditional Chinese literary motifs and narrative devices. As a result, the Chinese vision of nihilism diverged from nihilism’s Russian political connotations and was assimilated into a thrilling cultural topos of vengeful assassination plots in Chinese popular culture. Ultimately, this transculturation of revolutionary sentimental, which aroused sinicized emotions of love and revenge, not only generated public sympathy for nihilists in China but also motivated Chinese revolutionary actions.

Chinese cemeteries in Indonesian colonial and post-colonial urban areas: Resistance, urban expansion, nationalistic aspiration, and post-colonial governmentality

Chinese quarters played a significant role in numerous Southeast Asian port cities, with Chinese trading communities thriving for hundreds of years. The proof of the importance of these communities is evident in the presence of Chinatowns and Chinese cemeteries, serving as places for both living and death, in several coastal cities in Southeast Asia. This study investigates Chinese cemeteries in Semarang’s spatial city structure during the colonial period and the gradual transformation of these cemeteries in post-colonial Indonesia amidst turbulent urban development and political conditions. In post-colonial Southeast Asia, city development serves as a platform for nationalistic aspirations. This article explores the roles of Chinese cemeteries as an act of subversion against colonial laws and their gradual disappearance due to city expansion in post-colonial Indonesia. The exploration through the colonial policies concerning land and the placement of the Chinese community, followed by post-colonial policies and urban governmentality on city development and real urban growth practices, provides an opportunity to discuss the roles of Chinese cemeteries for the Indonesian Chinese community in Semarang and their fate in post-colonial urban areas of Indonesia.

The revolution next door.

This paper explores the cascading influence of revolutionary moments on democracy and inequality, not at home, but across borders. We use data on revolutions and other social upheavals over the past 120years and examine their cross-national impact on a range of variables in neighboring countries. Engaging with debates on whether substantial democracy and equality increases require extraordinary circumstances, our research investigates whether revolutionary activities induce consequential spillovers, such as policy concessions from elites in neighboring contexts. In exploring spillover effects, the paper examines how significant events in one nation influence social life in adjacent ones. It encompasses an analysis of 171 countries over two centuries, connecting data on revolution with democracy and equality metrics, and hypothesizing that elite fear of revolutionary contagion may necessitate democracy and equality concessions to mitigate potential uprisings. Findings suggest neighboring revolutions positively impact domestic democracy and equality levels. We observe significant increases in an index of democracy and two indices of economic egalitarianism, although one of the egalitarianism measures is robust to all model specifications. Additionally, we find that isolated "protest-led ousters" can moderately increase suffrage and one of our indices of egalitarianism, while coups do not seem to impact democracy or inequality variables. By examining various upheaval types and outcomes across time and space, the study illuminates the causal relationship between global mobilizations and local changes, providing insights into how global events inform domestic outcomes.

When Emmanuel Carasso Turned Italian: A Biography of Extraterritoriality and Questions of Nationality in the Ottoman Empire

Emmanuel Carasso (Turkified as Emanuel Karasu) (1863-1934) was a lawyer who hailed from a Sephardic Jewish family in Salonica, where he became instrumental after the turn of the century in the establishment of Macedonia Risorta, the local branch of the Italian masonic lodge Grande Oriente. The Salonica lodge quickly became an important center of Young Turk revolutionary activity in the following years, as privileges offered by capitulations enabled secrecy for lodge members. After the Constitutional Revolution of 1908, Karasu applied for Ottoman nationality and then became a member of the parliament representing Salonica and later Istanbul. During the course of his political career, he is best known for being a member of a delegation of four who went to Abdulhamid II to relay to him the news of his dethronement in the aftermath of the Counterrevolution (April 1909). Using his strong positions within the Committee of Union and Progress, Karasu managed to amass considerable wealth during the First World War, when his name also got popularly involved with corruption. Unlike other Unionists who left the imperial capital as the war came to an end, Karasu remained in Istanbul, where a number of court cases were brought against him. This is when he applied for Italian nationality, a request that started a lengthy bureaucratic paper trail that sheds light on an interesting nexus of political influence, capital, and extraterritorial privileges. This paper seeks to trace available Ottoman records in a bid to reconstruct the post-WWI odyssey of Karasu and trace the ways in which litigations were worked out in occupied Istanbul, how Al- lied Powers interacted with Ottoman authorities when it came to questions of nationality, and what these episodes imply in the transition to a post-Ottoman Middle East.

El don de la siesta by Miguel Ángel Hernández: Private Resistance in the Age of Transparency

Agamben’s idea that the clandestine dimension of private life is the significant political element of individual life pairs with Miguel Ángel Hernández’s thesis expressed in El don de la siesta. According to him, in the era of transparency and hyper-visibility, siesta should be a subversive act. Hernández argues that siesta challenges the culture of productivity and constant exposure, offering a refuge for privacy and opening a pause in ordinary time. Through a multidisciplinary approach encompassing art, literature, and social criticism, the author advocates for a conscious type of siesta to reclaim time, body, and private space in an increasingly surveilled world. He sees this habit as an opportunity to redefine the relationship between public and private life, finding moments of evasion and disconnection amidst the frenetic contemporary life.

군산지역 동학농민혁명 참여자 특징 및 현황과 활동거점 연구

군산지역 동학농민혁명 참여자 특징 및 현황과 활동거점 연구

Vasil Levski, the Committees and the Trial in Sofia in the Light of an Unknown Report of March 1873 of the Special Judicial Commission

The article deals with a hitherto unknown report of the Special Judicial Commission, which in late 1872 and early 1873 conducted the trial in Sofia against Vasil Levski and his companions. The paper is preserved in the Ottoman Archives in Istanbul. The author analyses its contents with reference to three topics: 1) the creation of a revolutionary network in the Bulgarian lands and the activities of Vasil Levski, Dimitar Obshti and Angel Kanchev; 2) the organisation of the Arabakonak robbery, the search for its perpetrators, the disclosure of the revolutionary activists and the conduct of the trial; 3) an analysis of the situation in the Bulgarian lands and the internal and external political reasons that led to the creation of such a revolutionary structure. The report is a valuable document, revealing the view of the Ottoman authorities not only on the trial, but also on the social, political and structural reasons that led to the emergence and activity of a revolutionary organization aiming to achieve autonomy or complete independence for the Bulgarian people.

Входження України до ЄС та формування нової архітектури європейського континенту

The article examines the key challenges of the European security system and the threats Ukraine and the EU face with. The author notes the onset of an era of global conflict and instability. The text analyzes Ukraine's path to integration with the EU, its main stages, achievements, and unresolved problems. Attention is paid to the study of the dangers that have arisen because of Russia's aggressive retro-imperial policy, and the importance of consolidation of the EU member states to counter Russian encroachments is shown. It’s also emphasized that Ukraine's contribution to European security is growing considerably, but the country needs more comprehensive support and assistance from European and other democratic states in the world. The author points out the problems in the EU itself in developing and ensuring an effective foreign and security policy, especially in view of the subversive activities of the so-called Putin's circle of friends. The vital importance of granting Ukraine and Moldova the status of candidates for EU membership is underlined as well as a fundamental decision to start accession negotiations with both countries. Attention is also drawn to the need to reform the EU itself, primarily to ensure its greater ability to respond to emerging challenges and threats.

Russian Subversive Influence on Islamic Radicalism in the Countries of the Western Balkans

After the outbreak of the war in Bosnia-Hercegovina (1992 – 1995) and of the armed conflicts in Albania, (1997), Kosovo (1998 – 1999) and North Macedonia (2001), the unchecked influx of dozens of extremist Islamist organizations from the Middle East began. Those organizations invested millions of Dollars to propagate a radical ideology and stoke religious hatred in all Western Balkan countries populated by Muslims.Furthermore, subversive activities of Islamic organizations have been observed since the beginning of the Russian military aggression in Ukraine. Those organizations support Putin openly and disseminate negative propaganda against the Western world, in line with certain doctrines pertaining to expanding Russian influence in the Muslim world. Additionally, they foster interreligious hatred in the region.