Review Vol Research Articles

ASU OM Review Vol II

ASU OM Review Vol II

Gender diversity and earnings management: Evidence from Bangladesh

This study aims to evaluate the impact of Gender-diversity on earnings manipulation using both accrual and real earnings management techniques. All the data has been gathered from yearly reports of recorded non-financial organizations in Bangladesh from 2011 to 2019; after necessary diagnostic checking, this study finally uses the OLS regression model to evaluate the relationship. Findings show that the non-financial organizations of Bangladesh are practicing both forms of earnings management simultaneously. Evidence illustrates that female directors on the board have no significant association with any proxies of accrual earnings management but are significantly positively associated with abnormal discretionary expenses. Moreover, the gender diversity of CEOs is negatively connected with abnormal production costs and positively associated with abnormal cash flow from operating activities, and the relationship is statistically significant. Policymakers and other stakeholders can use these findings to give more concentration on the issue of women's involvement at the corporate level and the development of governance issues. IIUC Business Review Vol. 9, Dec. 2020 pp. 111-133

Antecedents, focus, and outcomes of work-life balance: A conceptual review

Grounded on a thorough literature review, this study proposes a conception about work-life balance (WLB) in an integrated approach, which includes antecedents, focus and outcomes of work-life interface. This framework includes two essential aspects such as, commitment to work and non-work roles and minimum role conflicts between role domains of work and non-work. Based on our conceptualization, this study reviews evidence regarding the consequences of WLB relating to work, personal life and stress outcomes. The study finally reviewed 57 published articles in their entirety out of 181 articles selected through searching databases. The study then pinpoints organizational and personal predictors to WLB and describes their influences on WLB. After that, I explained relevant theoretical approaches are aligning WLB and life satisfaction. The findings explored two key predictors such as organizational and individual, and three key consequences including, work-related, non-work-related, and stress-related consequences. The study further explained several theories relating to WLB and life satisfaction. Finally, I highlight policy implications and directions for future research. IIUC Business Review Vol. 9, Dec. 2020 pp. 27-46

Relationship between market share and profitability: A study on Islamic banks of Bangladesh

This study is conducted to examine the effects of market share on profitability. A panel data covering 8 full-fledged Islamic banks of Bangladesh and the period 2011-2020 is used for the analysis. Based on Hausman test, random effects model is chosen to estimate the effects of market share. Market share is represented in terms of asset as well as deposit. To measure profitability, return on equity is used. Investment is used as control variable. Time dummies are also used to account for time effects. Findings suggest that one percentage point increase in market share in terms of asset leads to 3.73 percentage points increase in ROE. Besides, if market share in terms of deposit increases by one percentage point, ROE increases by 3.14 percentage points. Based on these findings, Islamic banks of Bangladesh should consider increase in market share as one of the effective ways to enhance profitability. IIUC Business Review Vol. 9, Dec. 2020 pp. 103-110

Revisiting the impact of green human resource management practices on the sustainable environmental performance: An emerging economy perspective

The study examined the Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices that are significantly influential to the sustainable environmental performance of organizations. The study employed a quantitative method to analyze data, collected from 143 HR professionals of different establishments from ready-made garments & steel industries in Bangladesh. The purpose of the study is to investigate the connection and impact of GHRM practices on organizational sustainable environmental performance, to an extent, to identify the degree of the factor’s stimulus sustainability. Following previous works on this area, the study has revealed significant impacts of green reward & incentives, green training & development, green performance & management, and knowing green HRM, green organizational culture, and insignificant impact of green recruitment & selection on the sustainable environmental performance of organizations. The findings of the study might help HR managers and leaders in the organization by providing a constructive view of HR management practices. Furthermore, the contribution of this paper lies in enriching the scope and depth of green HRM in the emerging sustainable environmental performance of organizations. IIUC Business Review Vol. 7-8, Dec. 2018-19 pp. 123-146

The impact of religiosity, legal enforcement and good governance on tax evasion: A study on SAARC countries

The study aims to examine the impact of religiosity, legal enforcement and good governance on tax evasion. The study utilizes a panel data of 7 SAARC countries covering the period of 2002 to 2015 and ordinary least square (OLS), fixed effect (FE) and random effect (RE) model have been applied as statistical technique to analyze the data. The results of the study show that (a) the religiosity has a negative impact on tax evasion, (b) enforcement level has been found positive in OLS and random effect but negative in fixed effect model, and (c) good governance in public sector has a negative impact on tax evasion. The results of the study are supposed to offer valuable insights to the researchers, tax practitioners and government for the development of an international tax framework, and implementing a sound policy. IIUC Business Review Vol. 7-8, Dec. 2018-19 pp. 61-88

Mosque based sustainable financing model for micro enterprises using cash Waqf in Selangor state of Malaysia

Micro enterprises are emerging as an important sector in the economic system of Malaysia by contributing significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and providing employment opportunities to millions of workers in the country. Despite its importance in contributing towards the enhancement of the well-being of society and the continuous efforts from the government, micro-enterprises in Malaysia, are struggling with several issues. The majority of them are facing difficulties in obtaining financing for high risk. Hence, they face issues in obtaining financing from financial institutions which seek collateral and charge interest or fixed profit rate. Hence, this study proposes a mosque-based sustainable model for financing micro-enterprises using cash waqf with a significant feature of involving mosque-based administration committees (AJK) to intermediate between the Waqf Corporation of Selangor (PWS) (Waqf assets managing body of State Islamic Religious Council of Selangor (MAIS)) as Mutawalli of waqf and micro enterprises at village level. This study proposed a model for the Selangor state as the case study that may help address the financing constraints of micro-enterprises and further improve the well-being of Muslim society by better usage of cash waqf. IIUC Business Review Vol. 7-8, Dec. 2018-19 pp. 9-30

Financial performance of categorical banking sectors in Bangladesh

This study's objective is to assess the financial performance of the categorical banking sectors in Bangladesh from 2013 to 2017. The study used secondary sources of data that were collected from the Bangladesh Bank's annual reports. Through the use of the CAMEL test, an ANOVA, and an ordinary least squares model, this paper attempts to determine whether there are any appreciable differences in the capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earning ability, and liquidity among the four categories of banking sector in Bangladesh. The CAMEL test reveals that among the four types of banks, foreign commercial banks do the best. Among the four categories of banks, state-owned development financial institutions have performed the worst. When compared to one another, the four banking organizations' performance is found to be significantly different. IIUC Business Review Vol. 7-8, Dec. 2018-19 pp. 107-122

The impact of transnational culture on countering terrorism in Muslim countries: A critical explanation from Tawhidic paradigm

This paper tries to address the impact of transnational culture, which is basically consists of cultural diversity, multi-ethnicity, and multi-languages, on countering the terrorism. Transnational culture, through globalization and internationalization, can play a vital role on countering the terrorism both within and across nations, particularly in Muslim-majority nations. For the research purpose, the study obtained the opinions of 59 post graduate students from different universities in Turkey and Bangladesh through a survey on the impact of transnational culture in reducing terrorism. The study found that transnational culture has a significant impact on changing people’s perspective about countering terrorism in today’s Muslim world. The informants also viewed that the Tawhidic paradigm (Unity of God) offers spiritual dimension to educate and nurture people to respect other views, multi-ethnicity, cultures and languages which may lead to counter the terrorism in the Muslim nations. Nevertheless, the results of the study are constrained by the size of the sample and robustness of the analysis. IIUC Business Review Vol. 7-8, Dec. 2018-19 pp. 47-60

Effecting structural development in the Malaysian Islamic banking sector using conventional banking models

To a notable extent, one of the main causes of renewed interest in Islamic Social Finance has been the academia’s disillusionment with the contemporary Islamic Banking and Finance (IBF) sector’s ability to break free of the conventional banking system. IBF has developed into a financial system that mirrors conventional financial practices and values, albeit with Shariah compliance. Using the Malaysian Islamic banking system as a basis, this paper makes use of extant literature and a systemic perspective to categorically identify the systemic reasons for IBF’s structural development, and further proposes a practical means for achieving pointed, systemic and inclusive (stakeholder-oriented) development that has been sought in IBF. Furthermore, its propositions are grounded in a tried and tested model of conventional banking. The implications of this research are as straightforward as they are significant; that by looking at IBF development theory from a more systemic and practical perspective, there are still means to develop IBF according to its original founding values. IIUC Business Review Vol. 7-8, Dec. 2018-19 pp. 89-106

Employees’ performance management: Features and framework from Islamic perspective

The purpose of this paper is to develop the features as well as framework of employee performance management from Islamic point of view. This is a conceptual paper written using secondary materials available in Qur’an, sunnah, and other published literature. The paper has developed both the features as well as framework to manage the performance of employee from Islamic perspective. The paper has some implications for managers and employees who would like manage performance from Islamic perspective in Muslim countries representing one fourth of the world population. While many studies, partially, have focused on traditional performance management sparing the demand of Muslim world, in this paper, the author opens a new avenue contributing to the literature on performance management from Islamic perspective. The proposed framework will be of genuine interest and benefits to Islamic as well as non-Islamic employers, managers, employees, academicians, and policy makers because Islam as a religion of nature can solve problems of all. IIUC Business Review Vol. 9, Dec. 2020 pp. 47-76

Responsibility of family towards teaching ethics and morality for sustainable development in Bangladesh: A critical explanation from Tawhidic paradigm

This paper, through a mixed-method approach (interview and survey questionnaire), investigates the responsibility of family towards teaching ethics and morality to children for sustainable development, specifically in Bangladesh. Reports and studies have shown that children have shown unethical and immorality practices due to a lack of education about Ethics and Morality, similar to those of tertiary-level graduates. This situation becomes an impediment to sustainable development. Malpractices, unethical behavior, and immorality actions are rampant reported in the mainstream news. Eventually, such a situation leads to non-sustainable development. The findings opined that the family has a fiduciary responsibility to teach Ethics and Morality to children. The respondents contended that the value-driven approach through the Tawhidic Paradigm (Unity of God) of teaching ethics and morality empowered society in Bangladesh with high ethical and moral conducts in decisions and actions. This study provides practical implications for policymakers and practitioners for socio-economic policies and practices in Bangladesh for sustainable development. The results of the study are contextually limited by the size of the samples, area, and robustness of the analysis. IIUC Business Review Vol. 7-8, Dec. 2018-19 pp. 31-46

Growth faltering capital flight: Empirical evidence from Turkey

Capital flight from Turkey throughout the last few decades is one of the major policy concerns for the development prospects of the economy. Several studies address the issue of capital flight from Turkey, but there is no significant study that examines its impact on the economic growth of the economy. The study investigates the effect of capital flight from Turkey on its economic growth during 1981-2019. It measures the extent of capital flight from Turkey adopting the World Bank’s residual method and examines its growth effect in a setting of Barro’s growth model. The study employs the Johansen cointegration approach to determine whether there exists an association between flight capital and the output growth of Turkey in the long run. The study results support the view that the flight of capital from Turkey deteriorates the country’s output growth in the long run. It implies that the government should adopt policies to reduce capital flight, increase domestic investment, and stimulate economic growth. IIUC Business Review Vol. 9, Dec. 2020 pp. 9-26

Automation of financial reports of the commercial banks of Bangladesh: Benefits and challenges

Automation has started its journey in every area after the invention of computer. Accounting is a traditional discipline from a long period of time. A rigorous development in this field has taken place in the last few decades. Now-a-days all of the functions of this discipline are almost automated. Specially, financial reporting is a crucial issue and is required by various stakeholders timely and accurately. Computerised system can ensure these qualities of financial reports. For conducting the study, data were collected by using questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS (version 22). KMO, factor analysis, ANOVA, regression, etc. are done on the collected and coded data. A lot of benefits of automated reports have been revealed like time-saving, cost-effective, increasing the speed and efficiency along with some challenges. The major challenges include maintaining security and the massive investment which is required for installing an automated system. Some policy implications from both bankers and customer-views are suggested to make the system sophisticated by ensuring the protection of the system. IIUC Business Review Vol. 9, Dec. 2020 pp. 77-102

PSUN265 Metformin-Induced Severe Lactic Acidosis Requiring Urgent Dialysis Associated With Influenza A Infection in a Patient With Previous Preserved Renal Function: Case Report

Abstract Background Although rare, metformin-induced lactic acidosis it's a severe acute condition, that requires immediate recognition and management due to its high lethality. Clinical case Female, 70-years-old, presents to the E.R. with generalized malaise, weakness and myalgia for 4 days associated with diarrhea and vomits for 2 days. Denies fever or flu-like symptoms. History of hypertension and T2DM using metoprolol 100mg/day, perindopril 10mg/day, indapamide 2.5mg/day, amlodipine 5mg/day, linagliptin 5mg/day, rosuvastatin 10mg/day, gliclazide 120mg/day, aspirin 100mg/day, clonidine 0.3mg/day and metformin XR 1g/day. On clinical exam she was dehydrated and tachypneic with no other important findings. Laboratory showed glucose 31mg/dL, severe metabolic acidosis - pH 6,0; HCO3 5,4mmol/L; lactate 11.6mmol/L (n<1.6mmoL/L), acute renal failure KDIGO 3, creatinine 8.08mg/dL eGFR 5mL/min/1.73m2 (patient's baseline 0.9mg/dL), BUN 213mg/dL (n<50mg/dL), potassium 6.8mEq/L (3.5>n<5.1mEq/L), phosphor 14.9mg/dL (2.7>n<4.5mg/dL), chlorine 92mEq/L (98>n<107mEq/L), magnesium 1.7mg/dL (1.6>n<2.6mg/dL), calcium 0.95mmol/L (1.16>n<1.32mmol/L), and normal blood count. She was admitted to the ICU, hemodynamically stable with no need for vasoactive amine, breathing under nasal cannula and proceed with emergency hemodialysis. Acidosis was corrected after 6h of hemodialysis. Patient turned eupneic in room air and presented renal function improvement (BUN 44mg/dL; Creatinine 2.66mg/dL). She continued under intensive care and daily hemodialysis for another 4 days. The etiological investigation excluded glomerulopathies of rheumatological cause, blood cultures, serology for hepatitis, HIV and Dengue were all negative. However, respiratory viral panel was positive for influenza A. Although metformin serum dosage was not performed, renal function stability without the need for hemodialysis was only achieved after discontinuation of metformin. The main diagnostic hypothesis was metformin-induced severe metabolic acidosis. Finally, the patient was discharged on day 10, with stable renal function without hemodialysis (creatinine 2.19mg/dL eGFR 22mL/min/1.73m2) and no neurological deficits. The patient was referred to the endocrinologist and nephrologist to follow-up. Conclusion Metformin is affordable, safe and widely prescribed since the 50's. Although rare, metformin-induced lactic acidosis is a lethal toxicity, with identifiable risk factors that must be considered by prescribers. References Lazarus, Benjamin et al. "Association of Metformin Use With Risk of Lactic Acidosis Across the Range of Kidney Function: A Community-Based Cohort Study." JAMA internal medicine vol. 178,7 (2018): 903-910. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.0292 Salpeter, Shelley R et al. "Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus." The Cochrane database of systematic reviews vol. 2010,4 CD002967. 14 Apr. 2010, doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002967.pub4 Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

Letter: RE: Complaint about the publication of letter from Doug Edmeades in NZ Science Review (2017) vol. 74(2)

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Challenges of IFIs in practicing IFM and their solutions: Evidence from Islamic banks and insurance companies

This research aimed to explore the challenges and solutions in practicing Islamic Financial Management (IFM) in Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) in Bangladesh. To achieve the objectives, this study adopted the qualitative approach and purposive sampling method including twenty-five semi-structured interviews with managers of Islamic banks and Islamic insurances. The rich qualitative data from the interviews were thematically analysed to identify the challenges and solutions in practicing IFM in the IFIs in Bangladesh. The major challenges and solutions that emerged were mainly categorised into three main types: social, organisational, and individual challenges and solutions. However, some of these challenges have been consistent with the previous studies while some have been newly identified from the participants' opinions. Similarly, some of the solutions in practicing IFM in the IFIs have been similar to the previous studies, while some of the findings have emerged as new additions to the current literature and practice. The results of the study have significant implications for both literature and practice. IIUC Business Review Vol. 10, Dec. 2021 pp. 43-68

Security of E-Banking transactions in Bangladesh: Does it need more importance from COVID-19 perspective?

Electronic banking service has grown in Bangladesh since 2001. Now, it has become most suitable and convenient fund transfer method in COVID-19 pandemic situation. The security risk issue is the most vital in the e-banking fund transfer. A survey was conducted where the risk factors were measured on five-point Likert scale by 200 bankers and customers in the pandemic period through phone and E-mail. After necessary modification and correction of collected data, descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s Alpha, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were conducted in IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and MS Excel 2010to test the hypothesis of the risk factor. Result shows the highest banking transaction risk factor is Account Information Security and lowest banking transaction risk factor is Double Check identity from the perspective of customers. The result also shows that less than 2 years experiences of e-banking are significantly more satisfied than the risk factor of 2 years to 6 years and more than 6 years e-banking experiences. IIUC Business Review Vol. 10, Dec. 2021 pp. 9-24

Time-Cost Trade-Off problem in project management: A proposed constructive algorithm

Time and cost are two remarkable elements prescriptive of success in project management. The anticipated project length may go over the desired period in many projects. Therefore, it becomes vital to shorten the critical path in order to finish the project by the goal date. Time-cost trade-off (TCT) in project network, the reduction in time with a minimum cost of project activities, has increased efficiency of the project. To shorten a project duration activity crashing, which includes allocating additional resources to an activity with the objective of diminishing its duration, is the most commonly employed compression technique. The objective of an optimum solution of time-cost trade-off is to provide maximum profit opportunity with a minimum time. There are many algorithms (heuristic, meta-heuristic and exact) established in this regard. In this paper a constructive algorithm is proposed and implemented with a fairy application example to acquire optimum solution or close-optimum solution of TCT problems. IIUC Business Review Vol. 10, Dec. 2021 pp. 115-128

Nexus between exports, imports and foreign direct investment: Evidence from Bangladesh

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a significant role in international trade (IT). Numerous recent studies focused on the FDI-IT nexus and found a strong interrelation between the two variables. The current research empirically examines the causal linkage among imports, exports, and FDI in Bangladesh, utilizing available time-series data from 1980-2015. The study finds that the long-run equilibrium association exists among Exports, Imports and FDI. The study also finds unidirectional causality running from imports and exports to FDI, meaning the rise and fall of exports and imports cause an increase or decrease in FDI of Bangladesh, respectively, and there is no other long-run causality found among other variables. In the short run, unilateral causality is running from imports to FDI, imports to export and exports to FDI. These empirical findings mean that expanding trade can be used to attract more FDI in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study findings strongly support the notion that international trade (exports and imports) stem from the attraction of FDI. IIUC Business Review Vol. 10, Dec. 2021 pp. 25-42