Title Of Review Research Articles

Leveraging ChatGPT for systematic reviews: how accurate is it for screening by title and abstract?

Abstract Background Systematic reviews are at the top of the evidence pyramid, but the whole process can be labor-intensive, especially in the screening by title and abstract of retrieved records. Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are proficient in natural language processing tasks and offer potential for accelerating this phase. The aim of this study is to assess ChatGPT’s performance in screening records for an already published systematic review (doi: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2300848). Methods 1601 records with title and abstract were evaluated with ChatGPT 4, using two different prompts to instruct the model: one asking the model to classify each record as included or excluded (Prompt A), and one asking the model to rate each record from 1 to 5 based on inclusion confidence (Prompt B), to compute the model’s performance metrics. Results The review included 64 records after title and abstract screening, of which 18 after full text screening. Using records included by title and abstract as a reference, prompt B with a rating cut-off of 3 provided 82% sensitivity, 88% specificity and 99% negative predictive value (NPV). With articles included by full text as a reference, 100% sensitivity, 86% specificity, and 100% NPV. An 85% workload saving was reached. Prompts A showed higher workload savings (∼93%), high NPVs (∼100%) and specificity (∼96%), but lower sensitivity (62-72%). Conclusions Prompts with a rating cut-off of 3 achieved a better performance, and still relevant workload savings compared to binary classification prompts. These findings can inform prompt-engineering strategies to instruct LLMs and reach both high sensitivity and workload savings. Key messages • Systematic reviews provide evidence synthesis to guide policy and decision-making in healthcare and public health. Such process can be time-consuming, and need for timely evidence is often stringent. • LLMs can help reduce workload and speed up the title and abstract screening phase of a systematic review, which is considered a major bottleneck in the review process.

Immunogenicity and safety of Cervarix HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvant vaccine against HPV induced cervical cancer in women (15+ years)

Background: The incidence of cervical cancer has decreased by over 50% from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s. This is due in part to an increase in screening, which can identify cervical changes before they turn cancerous. Decreasing incidence rates in young women may be due to the use of the HPV vaccine. There are currently three types of HPV vaccines on the market: bivalent, quadrivalent and nine-valent HPV vaccines. These are administered in three-doses to both sexes from age 15 upwards to prevent HPV infection. Many medical systems support the vaccination of teenage girls and boys with HPV vaccines during their secondary school years in order to reduce the incidence of HPV-related cervical cancer in women. Despite the discovery of the link between HPV and cervical cancer in 1985, the beginning of vaccine production in 2002, and promotion of screening procedures since the 1960’s, cervical cancer is still the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide today. Objective: This review aims to analyse the immunogenicity and safety of Cervarix®, also known as HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvant vaccine, in women (15+ years) against cervical cancer. Methods: The literature review analysing the effectiveness and immunogenicity of HPV-16/18 AS04-ADJUVANTED Vaccine against cervical cancer, was conducted by using two main databases: EbescoHost (Medline and Academic Search) and PubMed. Advanced searches were conducted using specific key words, various filters and Boolean operators ‘OR’ and ‘AND’ to find the most suitable literature. This process resulted in over 100 results. From this cohort, clinical trials were selected in accordance with the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria determined for the review. After duplicates from both databases were removed, the studies were assessed in order or title, population and objective relevance, and the top 10 most relevant articles to the title of the literature review, were selected for the literature review. Results: The 10 clinical trials selected all obtained a minimum of 10 out of the 11 CASP requirements indicating good study quality. All 10 studies were successful in proving the immunogenicity and safety of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvant vaccine in protecting women 15+ (15-55 years) from developing HPV-induced cervical cancer [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24]. This confers that vaccination against HPV-16/18 virus proves to be effective in preventing HPV-induced CIN and cervical cancer and is a safe to administer vaccine.

Facilitating topic modeling in tourism research:Comprehensive comparison of new AI technologies

In the past few years, a new crop of transformer-based language models such as Google's BERT and OpenAI's ChatGPT has become increasingly popular in text analysis, owing their success to their ability to capture the entire document's context. These new methods, however, have yet to percolate into tourism academic literature. This paper aims to fill in this gap by providing a comparative analysis of these instruments against the commonly used Latent Dirichlet Allocation for topic extraction of contrasting tourism-related data: coherent vs. noisy, short vs. long, and small vs. large corpus size. The data are typical of tourism literature and include comments of followers of a popular blogger, TripAdvisor reviews, and review titles. We provide recommendations of data domains where the review methods demonstrate the best performance, consider success dimensions, and discuss each method's strong and weak sides. In general, GPT tends to return comprehensive, highly interpretable, and relevant to the real-world topics for all datasets, including the noisy ones, and at all scales. Meanwhile, ChatGPT is the most vulnerable to the issue of trust common to the “black box” model, which we explore in detail.

Effects of sentiment quantity, dispersion, and dissimilarity on online review forwarding behavior: An empirical analysis

Online forwarding behavior, which involves users sharing information through URLs on social media platforms, has been extensively acknowledged as important to businesses, society, and individuals. Although previous research has discussed its antecedents from the sentiment perspective, most of them focus on the effect size, without differentiating the distinct effects of positive and negative sentiment. This study not only tests the association between positive (negative) sentiment and online forwarding but also examines how the aforementioned association varies from sentiment dispersion, measured by the variance of sentiment between individuals and groups (i.e., positive vs. negative sentiment dispersions); and sentiment dissimilarity, measured by the inconsistency between review content and title in terms of sentiment (i.e., positive vs. negative sentiment dissimilarities). Analysis of the data set collected from TripAdvisor yields the following findings: (1) positive sentiment negatively affects forwarding behavior, (2) negative sentiment positively affects forwarding behavior, (3) positive sentiment dispersion strengthens the negative effect of positive sentiment, but the moderation effect of positive sentiment dissimilarity is insignificant, and (4) negative sentiment dispersion/dissimilarity dampens the positive effect of negative sentiment. Findings extend our understanding of sentiment and online forwarding by highlighting the heterogeneous effects of positive and negative sentiments, thereby providing suggestions for forwarding function design.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in regional anesthesia and pain medicine (Part I): guidelines for preparing the review protocol

Comprehensive resources exist on how to plan a systematic review and meta-analysis. The objective of this article is to provide guidance to authors preparing their systematic review protocol in the...

Thinking about Collaboration

When Henry VIII, or All Is True was staged at Shakespeare's Globe in London in May 2022, the production elicited a lukewarm review from Arifa Akbar in the Guardian. The theatre critic stated that "the play itself feels slightly disjointed, perhaps because it was not the Bard's work alone but a collaboration with John Fletcher. There is now the added authorial hand of Hannah Khalil, who edits the text to accentuate women's roles and adds some well-known lines from Shakespeare's other works. Where this should enrich the drama, it exposes its faultlines." Akbar's comment is revealing, and particularly so in the context of this issue's engagement with the varieties of early modern dramatic collaboration. It not only mentions several collaborative practices used in early modern theatre which are explored in the articles brought together for this special issue – co-authorship, adaptation and quotation, to name but three – but also reflects a profound unease towards collaboration in twenty-first-century culture. Henry VIII, Akbar infers, is an imbalanced play because Shakespeare wrote it with somebody else rather than by himself. Akbar also implies that the relationship between these two authors has to be hierarchical, with Shakespeare (aka the inevitably capitalised, solitary ‘Bard’) as the better and Fletcher as the lesser playwright, who is responsible for the play's alleged shortcomings. A similarly dismissive attitude towards Fletcher is reflected in the review's title, which refers to Henry VIII as ‘little-seen Shakespeare’ as a form of skewed advertisement (this is Shakespeare, but not as we know him),2 thus erasing Fletcher's co-authorship completely, only to eventually present his name by way of explaining the play's mediocrity. The review also suggests that the play's merit has been further reduced by Hannah Khalil's contemporary adaptation, which adds too much ‘wokeness’ (the accentuation of women's roles) as well as too much middle-class Shakespeare (the well-known lines recognisable for those who know their Shakespeare inside out). In short, the review relies on a hierarchy well established in (traditional) literary criticism: Shakespeare is the epitome of playwrighting, and his solo-authored plays are the gold standard of early modern English drama; his co-authored plays are diminished by the lesser dramatic ability of his collaborators (where Shakespeare is sprezzatura, Fletcher is learned rhetoric); adapters have even more limited authorial skills and, therefore, an adapted play is a ‘lesser’ play because of the adapter's ‘interference’. As Akbar's review showcases, the notion of dramatic co-authorship, especially Shakespeare's, is still routinely met with scepticism and disdain in public discourse. Rather than enriching a play, three cooks (Shakespeare, Fletcher, Khalil) have spoiled the broth.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF GADGET ADDICTION ON MENTAL HEALTH IN MEDICAL STUDENTS

Smartphone, is a term to distinguish advanced feature phones from basic feature phones. Excessive smartphone use or addiction can lead to negative health consequences such as neck pain, accidents, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. This study aims to determine how the influence of gadget use addiction on mental health in medical students. Method used (narrative review/systematic review with PRISMA 2020). Research was collected through searches on Google Scholar from 2019 to 2023, Ebscho from 2019 to 2023 with full text limits and PubMed from 2019 to 2023. The keyword searches used are smartphone addiction, mental health, and medical student. 210 results were found from Google Scholar, 15 results were found on Ebscho, 31 results were found on PubMed, and 21 studies were included in the study. Results of the 256 journals netted, there are 21 journals that match the category of literature review titles. There is a significant relationship between gadget addiction to mental health in medical students, especially in women.

To intrude or not to intrude? A systematic review of the controversy surrounding orthodontic intrusion on reduced periodontium

The main objective of this review was to evaluate the effects of orthodontic intrusion on patients with reduced periodontium. Additionally, this review aims to explore the potential for attachment gain and tissue regeneration in these patients and identify optimal therapeutic conditions to mitigate any negative effects of intrusion. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 statement. Duplicate electronic searches of the PubMed, Cochrane, EMC Premium, and Science Direct databases were performed by two independent reviewers. Data extraction and quality assessments, including risk of bias evaluation using the Cochrane and ROBINS-I tools were conducted. From an initial pool of 418 articles, 29 were selected after title and abstract screening for full-text review. Following thorough full-text reading, 15 studies were ultimately included in the analysis. The total number of patients included in the studies is 528, who underwent orthodontic intrusion on reduced periodontium. Studies indicated a decrease in periodontal pocket depth and an increase in clinical attachment with ortho-periodontal treatment. Alveolar bone level outcomes varied, showing both increases and losses. Authors generally observed improved papillary regeneration and reduced gingival recessions. Clinical studies involving combined ortho-periodontal treatment showed that orthodontic intrusion on a reduced but healthy periodontium can be considered a beneficial treatment for the periodontium, provided that potential adverse effects are carefully monitored.

The impact of COVID-19 on nurses' job satisfaction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The global healthcare landscape was profoundly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic placing nurses squarely at the heart of this emergency. This review aimed to identify the factors correlated with nurses' job satisfaction, the impact of their job satisfaction on both themselves and their patients, and to explore strategies that might have counteracted their job dissatisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews of prevalence and incidence was used in this review. The electronic databases of CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PsycINFO and Academic Search Complete were searched between January 2020 to February 2023. The literature review identified 23 studies from 20 countries on nurses' job satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. A pooled prevalence of 69.6% of nurses were satisfied with personal, environmental, and psychological factors influencing their job satisfaction. Job satisfaction improved psychological wellbeing and quality of life, while dissatisfaction was linked to turnover and mental health issues. This systematic review elucidates key factors impacting nurses' job satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic, its effects on healthcare provision, and the potential countermeasures for job dissatisfaction. Core influences include working conditions, staff relationships, and career opportunities. High job satisfaction correlates with improved patient care, reduced burnout, and greater staff retention. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023405947, the review title has been registered in PROSPERO and the registration number is CRD42023405947.

Understanding older adults’ participation in outdoor adventure activities: a scoping review

ABSTRACT Outdoor adventure activities are increasingly popular among older adults. We conducted a scoping review to examine trends in the scholarly literature on this topic. Several interdisciplinary databases were searched, and studies were independently screened for eligibility during two rounds of review (title and abstract, and full text). Our review included 34 peer-reviewed articles with the full text available in English that substantially described outdoor adventure programming for older adults, and/or older adults’ experiences of, or attitudes towards outdoor adventure activities. Results of this scoping review suggest that participation in outdoor adventure activities can contribute significantly to the wellbeing of older adults. However, due to strict alignment to the ideals of successful aging present in many articles, the potential for an ‘authentic aging’ lens to explore the diverse experiences of aging is discussed. Further research should focus on recruiting more diverse participants and attempt to uncover potential barriers and facilitators (physical, economic, geographic, etc.) to participation.

Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (Part I): Guidelines for Preparing the Review Protocol.

Comprehensive resources exist on how to plan a systematic review and meta-analysis. The objective of this article is to provide guidance to authors preparing their systematic review protocol in the fields of regional anesthesia and pain medicine. The focus is on systematic reviews of health care interventions, with or without an aggregate data meta-analysis. We describe and discuss elements of the systematic review methodology that review authors should prespecify, plan, and document in their protocol before commencing the review. Importantly, authors should explain their rationale for planning their systematic review and describe the PICO framework-participants (P), interventions (I), comparators (C), outcomes (O)-and related elements central to constructing their clinical question, framing an informative review title, determining the scope of the review, designing the search strategy, specifying the eligibility criteria, and identifying potential sources of heterogeneity. We highlight the importance of authors defining and prioritizing the primary outcome, defining eligibility criteria for selecting studies, and documenting sources of information and search strategies. The review protocol should also document methods used to evaluate risk of bias, quality (certainty) of the evidence, and heterogeneity of results. Furthermore, the authors should describe their plans for managing key data elements, the statistical construct used to estimate the intervention effect, methods of evidence synthesis and meta-analysis, and conditions when meta-analysis may not be possible, including the provision of practical solutions. Authors should provide enough detail in their protocol so that the readers could conduct the study themselves.

A review on stem cells in dentistry

Cells with the unique capacity of self-renewal and potency are called as stem cells.Stem cells are undifferentiated and pluripotent cells that can differentiate into specialized cells with a more specific function. Defects ofOral and maxillofacial region could be most possibly cured by therapy of stem cells. Through a search in PubMed, Google, Scopus and Medline, many original research papers were found with the keywords such as stem cells, pluripotency, oral and maxillofacial region, stem cell therapy, regeneration. So many review titles were identified, twenty-two articles were retrieved that were finally included as being relevant and of sufficient quality.This article aims at discussing the use of stem cells for the therapies and specified treatments in the oral and maxillofacial area.

Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 supplementation for male infertility with high sperm DNA fragmentation index: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionInfertility is a focal issue in public health and affects human reproduction and survival. Notably, an increasing number of studies in recent decades have found that sperm DNA integrity plays...

Do cultural orientations moderate the effect of online review features on review helpfulness? A case study of online movie reviews

The perceived helpfulness of online product reviews plays a critical role in consumers’ decisions in e-commerce. In this context, based on the literature on information processing and cultural effects, this study explored the role of review features in the perceived helpfulness of online movie reviews. A cross-cultural investigation (i.e., China cf. the United States (US)) was employed to identify high-vs. low-context cultural orientation and uncertain avoidance orientation as moderators. The results reveal that review length, timeliness, title sentiment, and emotional expressions are significant predictors of helpfulness for consumer reviews in China and the US. In addition, cultural differences between the two countries, that is, high-vs. low-context culture and uncertainty avoidance, moderated the relationships between review length, timeliness, title sentiments, and review helpfulness.

Direct-to-Video (On Demand): New Industrial and Cultural Valuations of Nontheatrical Film Releases

Direct-to-Video (On Demand): New Industrial and Cultural Valuations of Nontheatrical Film Releases

Contextual Factors That Impact the Implementation of Patient Portals With a Focus on Older People in Acute Care Hospitals: Scoping Review

Older people are the highest users of health services but are less likely to use a patient portal than younger people. This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize the literature on contextual factors that impact the implementation of patient portals in acute care hospitals and among older people. A scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The following databases were searched from 2010 to June 2020: MEDLINE and Embase via the Ovid platform, CINAHL and PsycINFO via the EBSCO platform, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible reviews were published in English; focused on the implementation of tethered patient portals; included patients, health care professionals, managers, and budget holders; and aimed at identifying the contextual factors (ie, barriers and facilitators) that impact the implementation of patient portals. Review titles and abstracts and full-text publications were screened in duplicate. The study characteristics were charted by one author and checked for accuracy by a second author. The NASSS (Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability) framework was used to synthesize the findings. In total, 10 systematic reviews published between 2015 and 2020 were included in the study. Of these, 3 (30%) reviews addressed patient portals in acute care hospitals, and 2 (20%) reviews addressed the implementation of patient portals among older people in multiple settings (including acute care hospitals). To maximize the inclusion of the literature on patient portal implementation, we also included 5 reviews of systematic reviews that examined patient portals in multiple care settings (including acute care hospitals). Contextual factors influencing patient portal implementation tended to cluster in specific NASSS domains, namely the condition, technology, and value proposition. Certain aspects within these domains received more coverage than others, such as sociocultural factors and comorbidities, the usability and functionality aspects of the technology, and the demand-side value. There are gaps in the literature pertinent to the consideration of the provision of patient portals for older people in acute care hospitals, including the lack of consideration of the diversity of older adults and their needs, the question of interoperability between systems (likely to be important where care involves multiple services), the involvement of lay caregivers, and looking beyond short-term implementation to ways in which portal use can be sustained. We identified important contextual factors that impact patient portal implementation and key gaps in the literature. Future research should focus on evaluating strategies that address disparities in use and promote engagement with patient portals among older people in acute care settings.

Unsupervised title and abstract screening for systematic review: a retrospective case-study using topic modelling methodology

BackgroundThe importance of systematic reviews in collating and summarising available research output on a particular topic cannot be over-emphasized. However, initial screening of retrieved literature is significantly time and labour intensive. Attempts at automating parts of the systematic review process have been made with varying degree of success partly due to being domain-specific, requiring vendor-specific software or manually labelled training data.Our primary objective was to develop statistical methodology for performing automated title and abstract screening for systematic reviews. Secondary objectives included (1) to retrospectively apply the automated screening methodology to previously manually screened systematic reviews and (2) to characterize the performance of the automated screening methodology scoring algorithm in a simulation study.MethodsWe implemented a Latent Dirichlet Allocation-based topic model to derive representative topics from the retrieved documents’ title and abstract. The second step involves defining a score threshold for classifying the documents as relevant for full-text review or not. The score is derived based on a set of search keywords (often the database retrieval search terms). Two systematic review studies were retrospectively used to illustrate the methodology.ResultsIn one case study (helminth dataset), 69.83% sensitivity compared to manual title and abstract screening was achieved. This is against a false positive rate of 22.63%. For the second case study (Wilson disease dataset), a sensitivity of 54.02% and specificity of 67.03% were achieved.ConclusionsUnsupervised title and abstract screening has the potential to reduce the workload involved in conducting systematic review. While sensitivity of the methodology on the tested data is low, approximately 70% specificity was achieved. Users ought to keep in mind that potentially low sensitivity might occur. One approach to mitigate this might be to incorporate additional targeted search keywords such as the indexing databases terms into the search term copora. Moreover, automated screening can be used as an additional screener to the manual screeners.

Editor's Introduction

Editor's Introduction

A Review of Health Risks Associated with Pesticides Use among Ghanaian Farmers

Pesticides are widely used in the management of pests and diseases in vegetable production in Ghana. However, several negative implications including adverse health effects are observed mainly due to misapplication of the pesticides. This review is to assess how much farmers know about the health challenges associated with exposure to pesticides, and what they perceive to be the hazards around their use. In this work published scientific papers with the words pesticide, health risk, exposure, vegetables were reviewed. Also Publications relating directly to the review title in Ghana was greatly considered. The findings indicate that the majority of farmers are unaware of real pesticide risks and therefore underestimated their potential human and environmental health risks. It was observed that farmers misused pesticides, in terms of the types used and quantities applied and the farmers themselves were not adequately protected on the job. Farmers however acknowledged that they do experience some common consequences of pesticide exposure which include itching, headache, weakness, dizziness, burning sensation, catarrh, stomach pain, unconsciousness, itching of eyes and body pains. Farmers are misapplying pesticides by disregarding the potential harmful effects of pesticides on human health. The findings indicate the need for Agricultural Extension officers, the Ministry of Food and Agriculture and the Health Ministry to intensify education of farmers to reduce the exposure and health risks to farmers. &nbsp

Krishna Bharadwaj. Accumulation, Exchange, and Development: Essays on the Indian Economy. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1994. 395 pages and Index. Hardbound. Indian Rs 350.00. Paperback. Indian Rs 195.00

Before her death in 1992, Professor Krishna Bharadwaj had reached the prime of her intellectual growth so that her mature thought on classical political economy and her ideas on development paradigms had begun to coalesce into a single whole. As the title of the book under review implies, this work of the late Indian economist comprises a study of the general problems of economic growth, accumulation, exchange, distribution, and development based on the theory of surplus, including its generation, appropriation, and distribution in society. The author applies classical theory to the complex development process in the developing economies, and to the specific problems of the Indian economy in the industrial, agricultural, and commercial sectors.