Review Of Theliterature Research Articles

Hidradenocarcinoma: A Case Series From the Scripps Clinic With a Systematic Review of the Literature.

Hidradenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare adnexal carcinoma. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no published systematic reviews on HAC. To incorporate a case series from the authors' institution and systematically integrate reported information to provide a reference tool for optimization of diagnosis and management. A comprehensive MEDLINE search was conducted from database inception to 2021 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. This yielded 225 studies with 165 cases of HAC. References of included articles were also searched. In addition, 9 patients with HAC were identified from the authors' institution over the past 10 years. The mean age of HAC presentation is 60 years with a slight male predilection (60%). The head and neck is the most commonly affected region. Over 36% of cases either presented with metastatic disease or went on to metastasize. The most common treatment type was wide local excision, followed by Mohs micrographic surgery. Early detection with accurate histologic interpretation is prudent in all cases of HAC. Wide local excision is the current first-line treatment. However, Mohs micrographic surgery offers complete marginal analysis with evidence of reduced risk of metastasis and better outcomes compared with wide local excision. Currently, there are no National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for the treatment of HAC, and consensus guidelines are limited to tumor and nodal metastasis staging provided by the American Joint Committee on Cancer, eighth edition. Thus, this case series and systematic review integrates important aspects of diagnosis, workup, and management of HAC.

When the time is right: Men's experiences of recovery in self-harm.

Previous research has mainly focused on self-harm among women, defining what it is, what functions it has, how to manage and prevent self-harm, and how to recover from it. A recent review of the literature on self-harm among men concluded that research need to consider both clinical and personal aspects of recovery and pointed out the need to explore recovery from men's point of view. This study aimed to describe men's experiences of recovery in self-harm. Data were collected in Sweden in 2020 using semi-structured interviews. Eleven men who had recovered in self-harm were interviewed. Interviews were analysed using an abductive approach to qualitative content analysis. The analysis involved the application of an established framework for personal recovery in mental illness: connectedness, hope, identity, meaning, and empowerment (CHIME). The analysis identified one main theme: when the time is right, and five sub-themes: finding support in others; trusting that change is possible; getting to know yourself; reaching a new understanding; and developing new strategies to manage life. While the cessation of self-harm might both be a sign of and contribute to recovery, it is not the defining feature of recovery. Mental health professionals should be persistent in providing person-centred, recovery-oriented care for men who self-harm. The CHIME framework can be applied in the context of men's recovery in self-harm. This study is reported in accordance with the COREQ guidelines.

Are there gender-specific differences in hip and knee cartilage composition and degeneration? A systematic literature review.

The aim of the present review is to systematically analyse the current literature about gender differences in hip or knee cartilage composition and degeneration, to help explaining how and why osteoarthritis affects women more often and more severely than men. A systematic review of the literature in English was performed. Eleven studies on 1962 patients (905 females and 787 males) that reported differences on cartilage composition between males and females were included. Nine evaluated the knee, one the hip, and one both. They were heterogeneous in their methods: one conducted histological analyses, and all the others evaluated cartilage characteristics (volume, width, and composition) through magnetic resonance imaging. All authors reported gender differences in both volume and morphology of the cartilage, from infancy to menopause. In fact, a study on 92 healthy children statistically showed significant gender differences in cartilage thickness at all sites, even after adjustment for age, body, and bone size. Gender differences become more evident after menopause, when women have a lower cartilage volume and a higher cartilage loss. Men show significantly higher knee and hip cartilage volumes than women, and women carry a significantly greater risk to develop osteoarthritis. This is in part due to body and bone size, but also depends on qualitative and quantitative differences in the composition of cartilage and its degeneration rate after menopause. Structural changes in cartilage that occur between genders during ageing have significance in the development of osteoarthritis.

EDNA for monitoring and conserving terrestrial arthropods: Insights from a systematic map and barcode repositories assessments

Abstract In the past decade, environmental DNA (eDNA) assays have become an essential tool to investigate species presence with samples from the environment instead of collected specimens. eDNA sampling techniques have proved their worth in freshwater and marine studies; now, some trends emerge for their use in terrestrial habitats and particularly to study arthropods. After a systematic review of the literature, we illustrate and analyse the diversity of such studies and discuss their benefits and drawbacks. We identified the most relevant research themes and focused on (i) the taxa and environmental sample types targeted and (ii) the details of the survey scheme. In parallel, we also assessed the available number of sequences from cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S and 18S barcode regions for four major taxa (spiders, centipedes, springtails and insects) in relation to their diversity. We found strong taxonomic and geographic biases regarding coverage per barcode. eDNA research on terrestrial arthropods mainly focuses on insect species that affect humanity in a positive or negative way, and the availability of sequences is much higher for species from temperate‐developed countries than from tropical ones. Moreover, although a high variety of environmental samples are being used, most studies do not assess the barcode completeness of the target taxa nor compare the efficacy of eDNA monitoring technique to other well established and known traditional techniques. Careful workflow designs and comparisons are needed before giving any management or conservation advice as eDNA monitoring does not come without error. Strengths and weaknesses of eDNA assays for conservation are discussed.

Could robotic-assisted surgery reduce mesh-related complications after ventral mesh rectopexy? Experience of a tertiary centre and systematic review of the literature.

The development of robotic assistance has made dissection and suturing in the deep pelvis much easier. The augmented quality of the images and the articulation of the robotic arms have also enabled a more precise dissection. The aim of this study is to present the data on robotic-assisted ventral mesh rectopexy procedures in a university hospital and examine the literature in terms of mesh erosion. The electronic databases Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane were searched. Studies from January 2004 until January 2023 in the English language were included. Studies which included fewer than 10 patients were excluded. Laparoscopic or robotic-assisted ventral mesh rectopexies were included. Mesh erosion rates following laparoscopic or robotic-assisted ventral mesh rectopexies were measured. Overall, the systematic review presents 5911 patients from 43 studies who underwent laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy compared with 746 patients treated with robotic-assisted ventral mesh rectopexy from six studies and our centre. Mesh erosion was rare in both groups; however, the prevalence was greater in the laparoscopy group (0.90% vs. 0.27%). The mesh erosion rates are very low with robotic-assisted ventral mesh rectopexy. For precise results, more studies and experience in robotic surgery are required.

Gut microbiota and methotrexate in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Introduction. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children [1]. The etiology of the disease is currently unknown, but there are many works on the role of the intestinal microbiota in JIA and its interaction with antirheumatic drugs (methotrexate). There are a number of data on the effect of methotrexate on the intestinal microbiota. The article provides a review of the literature on the involvement of the intestinal microbiota in the induction of autoinflammation and the possible antagonism between the intestinal microbiota and methotrexate.

Primary double teeth in archeological medieval material from the area of Poland: A report on two cases

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate primary double teeth in archeological material from the area of Poland and a brief review of the literature on the subject. Two cases of fusion of anterior primary teeth in two infants from past populations living in eastern (8th–9th cent. CE) and southern (15th cent. CE) parts of Poland are presented. A macroscopic as well as a radiographic assessment of the teeth was performed, which, in case 1, included a periapical X‐ray and CBCT imaging (Gendex–USA GXDP‐800) and, in case 2, scanning with a SkyScan micro‐CT scanner, along with reconstruction images made using NRECON SkyScan. In case 1, cross‐section and axial CBCT images showed that the fused teeth were joined by dentin in the lower portion of the crown and had two separate pulp chambers and one wide root canal. In case 2, a cross‐sectional microscan confirmed partial fusion with two distinct crowns, two pulp chambers, and one wide common root canal. The discovery of fused teeth in the remains of children, which are typically poorly preserved, is a rare event. Consequently, the reported first cases of double teeth originating from the 8th–9th and 15th centuries CE, found in Poland in Central Europe, are of great value, as they can be used to map dental anomalies in archaeological populations. 3D imaging technologies are essential to establish the final diagnosis of double teeth.

Factors associated with diabetes knowledge, attitudes and practices among people aged 18 and over in the commune of Niakhene in Senegal.

More than 422 million people worldwide have diabetes in 2016, and 1.6 million deaths are attributed to diabetes each year. Knowledge of preventive measures would enable the adjustment of preventive policies. Hence this study on knowledge and practices in rural Senegal. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey of subjects aged at least 18 and living in the commune of Niakhene, carried out in October 2020. A systematic random sample, stratified by sex and age group, was used. The questionnaire was based on the STEPS 2015 tool and a review of the literature. In addition to personal characteristics, the questionnaire was used to measure knowledge of symptoms, complications, risk factors, attitude to the disease and screening practices. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed using R 4.0.2 software. A total of 300 subjects were surveyed. The average age was 35.3 years (+/-16.9), and 52.3% were women. Knowledge (62.7%) was associated with higher education (ORaj2.46{1.16-3.44}), awareness by healthcare staff (ORaj2.88{1.60-5.34}), and a family history of diabetes (ORaj3.09{1.06-11.3}). The positive attitude (53%) was associated with male sex (ORaj1.98{2.07-7.52}), awareness via audio-visual information sources (ORaj3.87{2.07-7.52}), community awareness (ORaj 3.87{2.07-7.52}), existence of a family history of hypertension and knowledge of diabetes (ORaj3.34{2.5-7.69}). Screening was carried out in 34.3% of patients. The associated risk factors were male sex (ORaj 1.95{1.12-3.34}), higher education (ORaj2.49{1.12-559}) and positive attitudes to diabetes (ORaj1.83{1.04-3.26}). One of the most effective interventions against this disease is the adoption of preventive measures which involve early detection and strengthening communication for more effective prevention.

The Royal College of Ophthalmologists' National ophthalmology database study of cataract surgery: Report 14, cohort analysis - the impact of CapsuleGuard® utilisation on cataract surgery posterior capsule rupture rates.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of the silicone tipped irrigation/aspiration (I/A) handpiece CapsuleGuard® (Bausch + Lomb, Laval, Canada) reduced rates of posterior capsule rupture (PCR) during cataract surgery. Royal College of Ophthalmologists' National Ophthalmology Database (NOD) Cataract Audit data from 01/04/2010 and 31/03/2021 and Bausch + Lomb sales figures were combined to identify centres participating in national cataract audit who have routinely adopted the silicone tipped I/A handpiece, CapsuleGuard®. Data were included only from centres with eligible cataract operations recorded on the NOD both before and after adopting CapsuleGuard®. Review of the literature was undertaken to estimate the proportion of PCR that occurs during I/A, to evaluate the impact of adoption of CapsuleGuard® on PCR occurring in this phase of surgery. Within the study period, 267 371 eligible cataract operations were performed in 14 centres with >50 eligible operations both before and after adopting CapsuleGuard®. Within centres adopting CapsuleGuard®, the rate of PCR occurrence reduction was 16.4%. Before and after the adoption of CapsuleGuard® the median change of PCR was 21.7% reduction (IQR: 4.8% to 37.7% reduction). A reduction in the rate of PCR was seen after regular adoption of CapsuleGuard® during cataract operations. Review of published studies attributing PCR to various components of the cataract operation suggest around 25% of PCR may occur during I/A; adoption of CapsuleGuard may, therefore, be associated with avoidance of a substantial proportion of the PCR during that phase of surgery.

Implementation of Solutions Reducing the Number of Cars in Polish Housing Estates—Based on the Experience of the Vauban Estate in Freiburg, Case of the City of Wroclaw

The number of cars in Polish housing estates is steadily increasing. Cars park in allocated parking spaces, but also occupy roads, pavements, and even green spaces. As the European experience shows, many countries have had this problem and have been looking for a solution. Due to the fact that Polish cities are at the beginning of the process, which limits the importance of individual transport, all good practices are a valuable source of information. The purpose of this article is to present the possibility of implementing solutions to limit the number of cars in Polish housing estates based on the experience of the Vauban housing estate in Freiburg, Germany. This housing estate was created with the great participation of the local community and one of its postulates was to reduce the use of cars. The methodology involved several consecutive steps. The first stage of the work was a review of the literature on the subject of low-carbon housing. Vauban was chosen as a model project with a sustainability of 20 years. Design solutions to reduce car traffic were analysed. The data collected were transformed into hard (numerical) and soft (descriptive) data, then systematised and catalogued. Based on these guidelines, a model of an estate with a reduced number of cars was created. The final stage of the research was the implementation of the model. The model formulates the most important aspects related to the location of a car-free housing estate and allows one to indicate its potential location in the city. It is a valuable tool for opening up a broad discussion on urban planning, location, and the future of car-free housing estates. The results of the study should be interpreted at two levels: land use and location. The results of the analyses allowed parameters and guidelines to be defined. These guidelines provide a guideline for the development of car-reduced housing estates in future cities. The second set of conclusions concerns the location of a potential car-reduced housing estate. The area of the potential site is shown using the city of Wroclaw, Poland, as an example.

How to define failure of intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin A for neurogenic detrusor overactivity.

Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) has a major impact on patients' quality of life and can lead to upper urinary tract complications. Intradetrusor botulinum toxin type A injections are administered as second-line treatment to these patients following the failure of anticholinergic agents. The aim of the DETOX 2 study is to propose a consensus definition of the failure of intradetrusor botulinum toxin injections for NDO in patients presenting spinal cord injury, spina bifida, or multiple sclerosis (MS) with self-catheterization. This study followed the method adopted by the French National Authority for Health for recommendations by consensus. Based on a review of the literature and a preliminary survey, a steering committee compiled a questionnaire and selected a rating group comprising 16 experts from the Neuro-Urology Committee of the French Urology Association (cnuAFU) and Genulf. The experts were asked to complete the online questionnaire. At the end of the first round, all participants came together to discuss any disagreements and a second-round online questionnaire was completed to reach a consensus. Thirteen of the 16 experts approached completed both rounds of questionnaires. A strong consensus was reached for two proposals (median score = 9/10) which were therefore included in the definition from the first round: at least one repeat injection of the same botulinum toxin at the same dose must be given to rule out failure on technical grounds and a duration of efficacy <3 months must be considered a failure. At the end of round 2, a relative consensus was reached regarding the clinical criterion defining failure (median score = 7/10) and the urodynamic criterion of failure (median score = 8/10). An additional proposal was selected during this second round on the need for a voiding diary (median score = 8/10). The first consensus definition of failure of an intradetrusor injection of TB-A for NDO has been achieved with this study: persistence of detrusor overactivity with maximum detrusor pressures >40 cm H2 O and/or a compliance issue and/or persistence of urinary incontinence and/or urgency and/or a number of daily self-catheterizations >8/day and/or efficacy <3 months. This study will help to standardize research on the failure of the intradetrusor botulinum toxin for NDO in clinical practice and clinical research.

Suicide by Gunshot Wound to the Posterior Head and Neck: A Retrospective Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Suicide by firearm is a significant public health concern in specific regions of the world. Depending on firearm availability, any type of firearm may be used, including handguns, shotguns, and long rifles. Common entrance wound sites in suicidal gunshot wounds include the head, with classic gunshot wound locations including the temple, the forehead, the submental aspect of the chin, and inside the mouth. Occasionally, suicidal gunshot wounds occur in atypical body locations such as the back of the head and neck. Given their relative rarity, suicidal gunshot wounds in these regions may be mistaken for homicides. In this report, we present 5 cases of suicidal gunshot wounds to the back of the head and/or neck. In our series, we focus on differentiating each case from homicides involving gunshot wounds in similar areas of the head and neck.

Tranexamic Acid in the Treatment of Melasma: A Comprehensive Review of Topical, Intradermal, and Oral Administration

A malfunction in human melanogenesis called melasma causes the epidermis to become hyperpigmented in certain regions of the body gradually. It significantly affects physical appearance, results in psychological and physiological distress, and diminishes those impacted individuals' quality of living. In order to restrict blood loss, tranexamic acid (TA), a plasmin inhibitor, is used for stopping unusual fibrinolysis. It works by permanently inhibiting lysine binding sites on plasminogen molecules, which prohibits plasminogen activator (PA) from converting plasminogen to plasmin. It seems sense that tranexamic acid might have an impact on keratinocyte association and function because plasminogen is additionally found in human epidermis basal cells and owing to the fact that PA has been shown to be produced by cultivated human keratinocytes. A comprehensive review of the literature demonstrates that although TA is administered by topical, oral, and intradermal injection as well as utilized as an adjuvant therapy Added to the laser therapy to treat melasma, its effectiveness has not been sufficiently proved. To fully understand the function of TA in the management of melasma, additional investigation is required.

On the Question of Differential Diagnosis of Skin Hyperpigmentations: The Clinical Case of Notalgia Paresthetica

Introduction. Developmental disorders acquire an extensive group of diseases, including congenital forms in inheritance variants, as well as secondary acquired forms due to skin or systemic manifestations.The purpose of this publication is to demonstrate the features of the differential diagnosis of skin hyperpigmentation to identify the clinical manifestation of notalgia paresthetica.Materials and methods. A review of foreign and domestic literary sources was carried out using the search engines eLibrary.Ru, Scopus, PubMed. On the basis of the patient’s voluntary informed consent, an analysis of medical documentation was carried out, taking into account clinical and anamnestic data and the results of laboratory and instrumental examination. Results. The article presents a review of the literature, as well as a clinical case of notalgia paresthetica in a patient with degenerative-dystrophic changes in the thoracic spine.Discussion. Notalgia paresthetica belongs to a large group of cutaneous dysesthesias and is a sensory neuropathy characterized by localized unilateral itching and hyperpigmentation of the skin of the back in the zone of innervation of the cutaneous branches of the thoracic spinal nerves, affecting more often adult and elderly women. The nonspecificity of skin manifestations of notalgia paresthetica and the low awareness of doctors about this disease can lead to diagnostic and tactical errors. Skin itching of varying intensity is the main symptom of the disease, leading to an accentuation of its disease and a decrease in the quality of life of patients.Conclusion. Given the interdisciplinary nature of the pathology, the article may be of interest to neurologists, neurosurgeons, dermatovenereologists, general practitioners, general practitioners, oncologists, and endocrinologists.

Why are employee assistance programmes under‐utilised and marginalised and how to address it? A critical review and a labour process analysis

AbstractThe exploding employee demands on mental health services and the under‐utilised employee assistance programmes (EAPs) stand in stark contrast. Despite widespread coverage and awareness of EAPs, their low utilisation rates have marginalised them in organisations' human resource strategies. This study explores why employees are resistant to using EAPs from the perspective of dynamic contention, drawing on insights from labour process theory. Through a critical review of the literature, it yields a picture of neither perfect managerial control nor condition‐altering resistance in EAPs. In addition, despite their potential to mediate between labour and management, EAPs often align too closely with management, fail to provide avenues for employee input, and struggle to adapt to changing work dynamics. The study concludes with suggestions for effectively leveraging EAPs' constructive broker role to strategically bridge labour and management and address their under‐utilisation and marginalisation.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Urticaria: The Importance of Autoimmune Aspects and Comorbidity

The study aimed to conduct a comprehensive systematic review of the literature on the autoimmune mechanisms associated with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in adults, explore the association between chronic urticaria (CU) and autoimmune disorders, analyze two case reports, and develop a diagnostic algorithm considering the autoimmune pathogenesis.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. The literature review was conducted to study the mechanisms underlying autoimmune CU. Two case reports were analyzed and a diagnostic algorithm for patients suspected of autoimmune urticaria was formulated.&#x0D; Results. CU significantly impairs patients’ quality of life, posing problems in daily activities and is often associated with concomitant autoimmune diseases. Though the pathogenesis of CSU remains incompletely understood, in recent years, there has been significant progress in understanding the pathophysiology of this condition, prompting researchers to explore new agents, especially biological ones, in cases with severe refractory urticaria. We have developed a diagnostic algorithm aimed at improving the management tactics for CSU and autoimmune pathology, that involves a thorough collection of complaints, medical history, performing a series of basic laboratory tests for specific markers of autoimmune disorders, and expanding their spectrum with detailed differential diagnostics.&#x0D; Conclusions. CU is an important medical and social issue that requires an interdisciplinary personalized approach to patients. The diagnosis of the condition involves a comprehensive approach, considering potential concomitant autoimmune disorders and detailed laboratory investigations, especially in cases refractory to standard second-generation antihistamine therapy. The treatment of CU, specifically the stepwise therapy protocol based on symptom severity and response to treatment and aimed at reducing symptoms, improving patients’ quality of life, and achieving CU remission, is outlined in various national and international guidelines, and is carried out gradually, involving three lines of therapy.

Patient Safety: Ultrasound-Assisted Buttock Fat Grafting for the Effectiveness of Aesthetic Results

A systematic review of the literature was carried out, whose basis is the structured and systematic integration of the information obtained in different research studies published in specialized journals, which was a search of records in the following databases: PubMed, SciELO and Science Direct of studies published in the last 10 years (2013-2023). The articles were searched in English and Spanish, Portuguese and once selected, they were read, with the due concentration of relevant information for this research.  Two independent reviewers screened publications including those showing or not showing clinical evidence for "Ultrasound-assisted buttock fat grafting for the effectiveness of aesthetic outcomes  ." We included 4 studies that met our selection criteria.  We extracted data from: year of publication, author, country, population and outcomes. Conclusion: The use of real-time ultrasound allows injection into the subcutaneous plane of the skin, avoiding the deep plane where life-threatening complications such as fat embolism could occur.

Clinical and Molecular Insights into Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: A Literature Review

Background: Hypertrophic scars and keloids represent two distinct forms of abnormal wound healing, characterized by excessive fibrous tissue formation. Despite their prevalence, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying their development and persistence remain incompletely understood. This literature review synthesizes current clinical and molecular insights into hypertrophic scars and keloids, aiming to highlight differences in their etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic responses. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, focusing on articles that provided significant insights into the clinical manifestations, genetic predispositions, molecular pathways, and treatment strategies related to hypertrophic scars and keloids. Experimental studies and clinical trials were included to encompass a wide range of data sources. Results: Hypertrophic scars are confined to the original wound boundary and may regress over time, whereas keloids extend beyond the wound margins and do not regress. Clinically, hypertrophic scars and keloids differ in their appearance, texture, and predilection sites. At the molecular level, these differences are underscored by distinct profiles of cytokine expression, growth factor activity, and extracellular matrix composition. Genetic studies have identified several predisposing factors, including specific gene mutations and polymorphisms. Treatment strategies vary; however, intralesional corticosteroids remain the first-line treatment for both conditions. Emerging therapies targeting specific molecular pathways offer potential for improved outcomes. Conclusion: Hypertrophic scars and keloids are complex conditions with distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing targeted and effective therapies. Future research should focus on unraveling the genetic basis of these conditions and exploring novel therapeutic targets. Enhanced knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms will facilitate the advancement of personalized medicine approaches in the management of hypertrophic scars and keloids.

Delayed ulnar artery pseudoaneurysm presentation after percutaneous cardiac intervention: A case report and review of the literature.

Here we present a case of a 62-year-old female with a delayed ulnar artery pseudoaneurysm presentation after cardiac catheterization. A 62-year-old woman with multiple medical comorbidities including end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) and atrial fibrillation on tablet apixaban who presented 8weeks after cardiac catheterization through right ulnar artery access with a pulsatile mass, pain, and tingling of her right-hand fingers. Ultrasound exam confirmed presence of ulnar artery pseudoaneurysm with >2cm active chamber. This pseudoaneurysm was repaired via forearm exploration, evacuation of hematoma, and primary repair with non-absorbable sutures. We report a case of delayed ulnar artery pseudoaneurysm presentation following cardiac catheterization through the right ulnar artery. Open surgical repair offers a definitive addressal of ulnar artery pseudoaneurysm and removes ulnar nerve compressive neuropathy with less risk of distal embolization in patients with delayed pseudoaneurysm presentation whenever ultrasound-guided thrombin injection (UGTI) is contraindicated.

Empowering Second Victims: Supporting Healthcare Professionals after Adverse Health Events

Purpose: This essay provides a comprehensive analysis of support programs for healthcare professionals following an adverse health event. Through the use of electronic health records, health information exchange, and interoperability with data standards, these programs aim to address the effects on second victims.&#x0D; Methodology: The methodology utilized includes a thorough review of the literature on the topic and presents key findings and implications for future research.&#x0D; Findings: Overall, these results highlight the importance of supporting healthcare professionals to improve patient outcomes and minimize negative impacts within the healthcare system.&#x0D; Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: As healthcare evolves ceaselessly, we must cultivate an environment where the shaken can recover their footing. Collaborative efforts and advances can weave together a support structure sturdy enough to hold up all harmed by mishaps as second victims.