Review Of Strength Research Articles

A Review of Strength And Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Slabs Overlaid with Ultra High-performance Concrete (uhpc)

The use of Ultra High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) for repairing damaged structures has been discovered in recent decades. Unique properties of UHPC give superior structural performance for strengthening the existing bridge or slab. The lack of data has been available in code provisions about this strengthening technology, that is why reviewing the experimental studies can guide application. This literature study presented the experimental database with its evaluation for the number of researchers to examine the effectiveness of strengthening bridges or slabs with UHPC. Also, this study discussed the basic parameters which affect the strengthening process directly, including interface preparation, size effect, characteristics of substrate NSC and characteristics of UHPC overlay. Different failure modes of composite structures were identified under flexure. In addition, based on the existing works of literature an estimate equation has been developed to predict the cracking and failure load of strengthening composite structures. The experimental studies evidenced that the UHPC can prolong the life of existing old structures and reduce the cost of maintenance. Finally, some recommendations are suggested for future work to obtain a more accurate result

Reactive Powder Concrete Beam's Behavior in Flexural : Review

Reactive Powder Concrete can be considered as a special type of concrete in which the coarse aggregate will be eliminated to get a homogenous microstructure with a maximum density for final result. Many researchers presented a state of the art review on reactive powder's production, mechanical properties, durability, development and applications. But the review about structural behavior is hardly to found. Because of importance of this type of concrete and its structural applications. This paper focused on review the researchers that deals with structural behavior of reactive powder concrete beams under bending load. Also review the proposed design equations related with reactive concrete behavior. Before starting a review of strength , stress-strain relation and ductility are presented because of their importance and effect on structure behavior of beams under bending. According to review of previous studies the type of fibers and its content as volumetric ratio, type of pozalanic materials and its content , amount of longitudinal steel reinforcement are main factors that affected the flexural behavior of reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete

A Brief Review of Strength and Ballistic Assessment Methodologies in Sport

An athletic profile should encompass the physiological, biomechanical, anthropometric and performance measures pertinent to the athlete's sport and discipline. The measurement systems and procedures used to create these profiles are constantly evolving and becoming more precise and practical. This is a review of strength and ballistic assessment methodologies used in sport, a critique of current maximum strength [one-repetition maximum (1RM) and isometric strength] and ballistic performance (bench throw and jump capabilities) assessments for the purpose of informing practitioners and evolving current assessment methodologies. The reliability of the various maximum strength and ballistic assessment methodologies were reported in the form of intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficient of variation (%CV). Mean percent differences (Mdiff = [/Xmethod1 - Xmethod2/ / (Xmethod1 + Xmethod2)] x 100) and effect size (ES = [Xmethod2 - Xmethod1] ÷ SDmethod1) calculations were used to assess the magnitude and spread of methodological differences for a given performance measure of the included studies. Studies were grouped and compared according to their respective performance measure and movement pattern. The various measurement systems (e.g., force plates, position transducers, accelerometers, jump mats, optical motion sensors and jump-and-reach apparatuses) and assessment procedures (i.e., warm-up strategies, loading schemes and rest periods) currently used to assess maximum isometric squat and mid-thigh pull strength (ICC > 0.95; CV < 2.0%), 1RM bench press, back squat and clean strength (ICC > 0.91; CV < 4.3%), and ballistic (vertical jump and bench throw) capabilities (ICC > 0.82; CV < 6.5%) were deemed highly reliable. The measurement systems and assessment procedures employed to assess maximum isometric strength [M(Diff) = 2-71%; effect size (ES) = 0.13-4.37], 1RM strength (M(Diff) = 1-58%; ES = 0.01-5.43), vertical jump capabilities (M(Diff) = 2-57%; ES = 0.02-4.67) and bench throw capabilities (M(Diff) = 7-27%; ES = 0.49-2.77) varied greatly, producing trivial to very large effects on these respective measures. Recreational to highly trained athletes produced maximum isometric squat and mid-thigh pull forces of 1,000-4,000 N; and 1RM bench press, back squat and power clean values of 80-180 kg, 100-260 kg and 70-140 kg, respectively. Mean and peak power production across the various loads (body mass to 60% 1RM) were between 300 and 1,500 W during the bench throw and between 1,500 and 9,000 W during the vertical jump. The large variations in maximum strength and power can be attributed to the wide range in physical characteristics between different sports and athletic disciplines, training and chronological age as well as the different measurement systems of the included studies. The reliability and validity outcomes suggest that a number of measurement systems and testing procedures can be implemented to accurately assess maximum strength and ballistic performance in recreational and elite athletes, alike. However, the reader needs to be cognisant of the inherent differences between measurement systems, as selection will inevitably affect the outcome measure. The strength and conditioning practitioner should also carefully consider the benefits and limitations of the different measurement systems, testing apparatuses, attachment sites, movement patterns (e.g., direction of movement, contraction type, depth), loading parameters (e.g., no load, single load, absolute load, relative load, incremental loading), warm-up strategies, inter-trial rest periods, dependent variables of interest (i.e., mean, peak and rate dependent variables) and data collection and processing techniques (i.e., sampling frequency, filtering and smoothing options).

Review of Strength and Conditioning for Alpine Ski Racing

SUMMARYTHE SPORT OF ALPINE SKI RACING REQUIRES RELATIVELY SLOW ECCENTRIC AND CONCENTRIC MOVEMENTS AS COMPARED WITH TRADITIONAL FIELD SPORTS WITH COURSE DURATIONS FROM 40 SECONDS TO MORE THAN 2 MINUTES. CONTROLLING THE SKI SNOW CONTACT AND THE ABILITY TO LIMIT THE DISSIPATION OF SPEED REQUIRES DYNAMI

Review of Strength and Failure Criteria for Concrete After Freeze-Thaw Damage

Frost resistance research is one of the important subject of concrete durability, however strength criteria is an important part of the study of mechanical behavior of concrete. So far, about concrete failure criteria are almost for normal concrete, which the domestic and overseas scholars have comparative detailed research in every respect to it, and to freeze-thaw damage of concrete but few research. Based on the summary of the existing ordinary concrete strength and failure criteria in normal state and after freeze-thaw damage，this paper have a brief comment of failure criteria on concrete after freeze-thaw damage. For later research about concrete strength and failure criteria under freezing and thawing cycle provide the reference.

A review of strength and conditioning programs designed to improve fitness in golfers

Background: The golf swing is a complex and athletic movement that requires strength, flexibility and coordination. Strength and conditioning programs have the potential to improve performance through fitness adaptations. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of strength and conditioning programs on measures of golf-specific fitness (strength, power, balance, flexibility).

Effect of concrete specifications and inspection practices on freeze–thaw resistance: a field study

In the late sixties significant durability problems were encountered in a major metropolitan center in Canada. A review of prevailing construction practices was undertaken, together with a rigorous statistical analysis of the air content and compressive strength results. The main outcome of that study was a conclusion that a significant amount of the concrete placed on the job site had an unacceptably low air content. It is understood that these results, coupled with a review of specifications used in other metropolitan centers, provided the basis for revising the concrete materials specification in 1970. A similar review of strength and air content results was carried out at the end of that year. It was evident that an increase of approximately 1% had occurred in the average measured air content together with a small increase in compressive strength as the result of the specification changes. To assess the effect of this specification and further changes that have occurred since 1970, a third review was carried out in 1987. It was noted that during the intervening period a further increase in air content had taken place. Reasons for these changes are reviewed with respect to current construction practices. Also included is a review of the current specifications for this class of concrete in use in Canada. Key words: air content, compressive strength, specifications, inspection, statistics, durability.

Repair of Advanced Composite Structures

This paper presents the concluding results of the large area composite structure repair program in which five large panels were repaired and subjected to static tests. A description of the Northrop bonded-cocured scarf joint repair is given with a review of strength and durability test results. Application of this technique to the problem presented in each of five panels is discussed. Finally, the repair of a speedbrake damaged in service is described. Repairability of advanced composite structure is fully demonstrated.