Review Of Scientific Papers Research Articles

Event tourism in Azerbaijan: current state and mechanisms for its improvement in the context of world experience

Event tourism is a dynamically developing sector of the global tourism industry, the share of which increases by 1.5% annually. This segment plays a key role in stimulating the local economy, attracting investment and developing cultural exchange. In Azerbaijan, which has a rich historical and cultural heritage, event tourism has significant potential. However, its development in the regions faces a number of problems that need to be addressed for more efficient use of existing opportunities. This article discusses the current state of event tourism in Azerbaijan, studies certain events held in the republic, substantiates its importance for the socio-economic development of the country’s regions and proposes mechanisms for its improvement based on international experience. The purpose of this article is to analyse the current state of event tourism in Azerbaijan, assess its potential for the socio-economic development of regions and develop recommendations for its improvement, considering existing problems and prospects. The object of the study is to identify problems and explore opportunities related to the development of event tourism in Azerbaijan. The subject of the research is the mechanisms for improving event tourism in the regions of Azerbaijan, including the analysis of current problems, assessment of potential and development of recommendations for improving the accompanying infrastructure, financing, marketing and other key aspects in the context of studying and applying foreign experience. The work uses an analytical research method based on a review of scientific papers in the field of event tourism.

Exploring Trends in Transportation Management: A Review of Scientific Papers on Dimension AI Database from 2020-2024

This qualitative study explores contemporary trends and advancements in sustainable transportation management practices, focusing on articles published between 2020 and 2024 and sourced from sustainability journals. A comprehensive search strategy using the Dimension AI database with the keywords "Transportation" and "Management". Articles were first screened by their title, abstract, and keywords, from which 63 manuscripts were chosen for thematic analysis. The key findings were the importance of sustainable traffic management systems, including congestion measures, infrastructure resilience, and environmental impact assessment. Another strand that emerged was data-driven approaches for smart city traffic management, which included novel techniques for effective decision-making. The study has especially highlighted the requirements of strategies that would set up the innovation in modeling techniques and resilience frameworks for transportation management. This study offers significant insight into modern trends in sustainable transportation management, which should be of immense value to policymakers, urban planners, and transportation professionals in seeking ways to overcome the problems associated with modern urban mobility while ensuring environmental sustainability.

Fuel Cell Electric Buses: A Systematic Literature Review

This paper presents a comprehensive review of scientific papers and market reports analyzing the economic competitiveness of fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs) with respect to their conventional alternatives via the total cost of ownership (TCO) methodology. We discussed the variables and data taken into account and compared the resulting outcomes by year and geographical areas. It emerged that FCBs are not currently cost competitive. The decreasing trend in acquisition and fuel costs, however, indicates potential for future competitiveness. We find that the current TCO literature on FCEBs presents several areas of uncertainty and weakness. Potential improvements can be achieved by: (i) extending the geographic coverage to Asian and African developing countries; (ii) making use of real-world data instead of simulated data, in particular, concerning acquisition costs, hydrogen costs under different pathways, fuel efficiency, and maintenance costs; (iii) clarifying the role of infrastructural costs; (iv) exploring the existence of economies of scale at fleet level; (v) distinguishing among different bus sizes.

How to measure outcomes in forest restoration? A European review of success and failure indicators

Restoration involves the recovery and repair of environments because environmental damage is not always irreversible, and communities are not infinitely resilient to such harm. When restoration projects are applied to nature, either directly or indirectly these may take the form of ecological, forestry or hydrological restoration, for example. In the current scenario of global climate change and increasing intensity of disturbances the importance of restoration in all types of ecosystems in order to adapt to the new conditions (so called prestoration) is evident. Whatever the objective of the restoration initiative, there is a lack of consensus as regards common indicators to evaluate the success or failure of the different initiatives implemented. In this study, we have carried out an extensive meta-analysis review of scientific papers aiming to evaluate the outcomes of restoration projects. We have done a review and selected 95 studies implemented in Europe. We explored the main pre-restoration land cover in which restoration initiatives have been implemented, the main causes of degradation, the objective of the restoration action and the indicators selected to analyze the success or failure of the action. We identified a total of 84 indicators in the analyzed papers and compared with the ones proposed for forest in the recent Nature Restoration Law. The analysis revealed five indicators commonly used for the evaluation of restoration initiatives (abundance, coverage, density, Ellenberg indicator, and richness), even where the initial objective has not yet been achieved. Our findings underscore both the benefits and challenges associated with a specific set of harmonized indicators for evaluating the success or failure of restoration initiatives.

Political Violence Against Women: Challenges Faced in General Elections and Politics

This paper aimed to analyze and describe the discrimination faced by women in politics and general elections. The research method used was a literature review of scientific papers, books, newspapers, and other reading materials relevant to the research. The data collected was examined and reviewed. The study used the theories of Anne Philips and Nadezhda Svedova regarding women’s political representation. The results and conclusions of this paper found that women’s political representation is still deficient, caused by several factors such as patriarchal and masculine culture, dynasty politics that prioritize kinship, recruitment systems that are not women-friendly and financial limitations. Keywords: Political Violence, Women’s Representation, Challenges

Using GPT-4 to write a scientific review article: a pilot evaluation study

GPT-4, as the most advanced version of OpenAI’s large language models, has attracted widespread attention, rapidly becoming an indispensable AI tool across various areas. This includes its exploration by scientists for diverse applications. Our study focused on assessing GPT-4’s capabilities in generating text, tables, and diagrams for biomedical review papers. We also assessed the consistency in text generation by GPT-4, along with potential plagiarism issues when employing this model for the composition of scientific review papers. Based on the results, we suggest the development of enhanced functionalities in ChatGPT, aiming to meet the needs of the scientific community more effectively. This includes enhancements in uploaded document processing for reference materials, a deeper grasp of intricate biomedical concepts, more precise and efficient information distillation for table generation, and a further refined model specifically tailored for scientific diagram creation.

The Peer Review Process: Past, Present, and Future.

The peer review process is a fundamental aspect of modern scientific paper publishing, underpinning essential quality control. First conceptualised in the 1700s, it is an iterative process that aims to elevate scientific literature to the highest standards whilst preventing publication of scientifically unsound, potentially misleading, and even plagiarised information. It is widely accepted that the peer review of scientific papers is an irreplaceable and fundamental aspect of the research process. However, the rapid growth of research and technology has led to a huge increase in the number of publications. This has led to increased pressure on the peer review system. There are several established peer review methodologies, ranging from single and double blind to open and transparent review, but their implementation across journals and research fields varies greatly. Some journals are testing entirely novel approaches (such as collaborative reviews), whilst others are piloting changes to established methods. Given the unprecedented growth in publication numbers, and the ensuing burden on journals, editors, and reviewers, it is imperative to improve the quality and efficiency of the peer review process. Herein we evaluate the peer review process, from its historical origins to current practice and future directions.

A review of scientific papers on business model innovation, multi-level business model hypothesis

The author presents a detailed analysis of current views on the issue of business model innovation in foreign and Russian scientific sources. The main ideas and theses in this area are reflected, and an attempt is made to find general trends. Current scientific works of authors from different countries have been studied — mainly over the past 10 years. Most of the publications analyzed in the article were made in Scopus, Web Of Science (English-language) and VAK (Russian-language) journals. Both well-known popular sources with a high citation rate, as well as completely new publications, which, however, presented original ideas, were analyzed. An attempt was made not only to reflect the points of view of different authors, but also to show how scientific thought in the field of business model innovation is developing in different regions of the world. Based on the results of the study, the author put forward a hypothesis about the multi-level nature of the business model. It is proposed to consider at least 3 levels of the business model: the holding (parent) company level (level 1), the level of an individual organization/business unit (level 2), and the product-market level (level 3). The directions for future research arising from this hypothesis are outlined: defining the levels in the business model, clarifying the content of this concept at each level, establishing clear boundaries between the business model and the organization's strategy. The study was carried out as part of the work on the development of the Russian scientific school of business modeling and strategic management, which is carried out at the scientific institute «Eurasian Management and Administration School» (EMAS Business School).

Current state of research in the field of buccal dosage forms and possibility of using dipyridamole as a subbuccal gel (Review article)

Buccal route of drug administration (from Latin «bucca» — the cheek) is the introduction of drugs into the body through the mucous membrane of the inner side of the cheek. The oral mucosa, including the cheeks, has a high absorption capacity. In this case, the absorbed drug substance enters directly into the systemic bloodstream, bypassing the liver, which ensures the rapid development of the effect with high bioavailability of the drug. To hold the medicine on the buccal mucosa, special dosage forms are used, i.e. cheek plates with the medicinal substance. Purpose of the work: to summarize the available literature data on buccal dosage forms and the possibilities of their use. Materials and methods. We conducted a literature review of scientific papers over the last 20 years in the resources of the PubMed and eLIBRARY search engines using the key words below. For this meta-analysis, we used articles that provided evidence on the most current issues related to buccal dosage forms. Results. It has been established that the buccal route of administration is promising and has undeniable advantages. The list of available drugs included in this dosage form is limited. The introduction of dipyridamole into a subbuccal gel is a promising way to expand the range of dosage forms (DF) of dipyridamole, represented only by film-coated tablets and a suspension for oral administration (Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, UK). Conclusion. The result of the research has been the establishment of prospects for expanding the range of dosage forms through the development of a subbuccal gel with dipyridamole.

Current state of research in the field of dosage forms containing viburnum (Review article)

The new age of studying the therapeutic and prophylactic properties and molecular mechanisms of action of herbal medicines that do not contain toxic and potent substances has opened up exciting prospects for their use for etiopathogenetic therapy. The results of numerous studies indicate that botanicals act as multi-target agents by modulating inflammatory, apoptotic, and other signaling pathways in multiple steps, highlighting the promising role of botanicals in achieving new and valuable effects. It should also be emphasized that one of the most important advantages and benefits of herbal medicine is the implementation of an individual approach to each patient. Early applied pathogenetic herbal medicine can stop the progression and chronicity of diseases. Viburnum is not last on the list of medicinal plant materials. Viburnum is an almost universal antibacterial agent of natural origin. Recipes with its use have found application in traditional medicine and received scientific recognition. Viburnum is a case where treatment can be not only effective, but also very tasty. It is used to prepare medicinal forms, delicious purees, compotes, tinctures, and kissels. Purpose of the work: to summarize the available literature data on dosage forms containing viburnum. Materials and methods. We conducted a literature review of scientific papers over the last 20 years in the resources of the PubMed and eLIBRARY search engines using the key words below. For this meta-analysis, we used articles containing the evidence base on the most current issues relating to medicinal forms of viburnum. Results. It has been established that the range of medicines from viburnum is limited to viburnum fruits, tincture, extract, glucose and fructose syrups, the Kalinaktiv syrup, and the Cardionorm syrup. Research is being conducted on the development of a gel with a wound-healing effect for use in dermatology, a cream for cosmetic purposes, and a liquid adjusted dosage form with an antipyretic effect (Kadilaeva Z.A. et al., 2023). Conclusion. The result of the research has been the establishment of prospects for expanding the range of medicinal products utilizing viburnum fruits.

What Have we Learnt so Far About The Extended Producer Responsibility – Results of Bibliographic Review

Nowadays, the environmental impact of the manufacturing sector, particularly in terms of waste management, is receiving increased attention. In this context, extended producer responsibility (EPR) has become an essential environmental policy instrument for all European Union (EU) Member States. This policy principle has also garnered interest from other countries around the world, which recognize its importance. The EU has acknowledged the effectiveness of this instrument and seeks to enhance the sustainability and waste management practices within its manufacturing sector. The operational principles of EPR are regulated at the EU level collectively, while also allowing for individual definition by each Member State. It's important to note that these principles encompass measures primarily aimed at promoting waste prevention, reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery.The aim of this paper is to provide an in-depth insight into the operational principles of the EPR in the EU Member States, its application to different product groups and identify the existing challenges related to assessing the effectiveness of the EPR system via bibliographic review of scientific papers published in “Web of Science” indexed journals.

Mental health disorder in preschool children: Do we have the best tools possible to detect it?

ObjectiveThe quality of the very early emotional experiences in a child's life are recognized today as foundational in the mental health of becoming an adult. Unsurprisingly, clinicians and health authorities agree on the importance of early detection and treatment of any mental health issues experienced by the preschool child. This is even more important and challenging as young children do not yet have the language skills necessary to express their distress. But do the caregivers in charge of these populations have the best tools at their disposal to carry out that important mission in an efficient and scientifically robust manner reflecting the latest research findings and scientific literature? This is the question we try to answer in this paper. MethodWe revisited the theoretical underpinnings behind the concept of mentalization as playing a key role in the ability to understand the other's inner reality. We then carried out an extensive review of scientific papers written over the past 30 years on the subject. We examined mental representations of the adult on the child and analyzed those mentalizations as key inputs. We focused on extracting cross analyses of the mentalizations of one child by several adults with different functions in the life of the child. In this process, we used the PRISMA methodology applied to large international medical databases. ResultsWe found that the qualitative approach, usually associated with a lengthy process, has been overwhelmingly used in trying to assess patients’ mental states and to analyze the mentalizations on the patient, adult or child. Furthermore, cross analyses of mentalizations from more than one adult on a given child were almost nonexistent, despite having high epistemic and clinical potential. ConclusionsThere is a dearth of reliable quantitative tools, able to capture and analyze the mentalizations on a patient, that are scientifically robust, transposable, and easy to implement in a clinical setting. The absence of such tools for medical professionals in charge of assessing preschool children contributes, in our view, the low detection and poor treatment of mental disorders in that particularly vulnerable population. We believe there is here an urgent unmet need and that such tools should be designed, validated, and deployed into the target populations as early as possible.

Current state of research in the field of lollipop adjusted dosage form and the possibility of using alcohol-water extract from hawthorn fruits in this dosage form (review)

Lollipops are a solid dosage form obtained by pouring, containing one or more active ingredients evenly distributed in an appropriate base, and intended for oral disintegration in order to provide a topical effect in the oral cavity and pharynx. As a rule, lollipops have a round shape and a smooth and uniform surface. Technological solutions for obtaining lollipops involve pouring. As a basis for the production of lollipops, a mixture of sucrose and a mixture of glucose, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides (liquid glucose) are most commonly used (in an approximate ratio of 60:40). The range of this dosage form is small. These are mainly lollipops and lozenges with sage («Natur Produkt Europe B. V.», the Netherlands, OOO «Valent», Russia), hematogen candy (OOO «Vozrozhdenie and Razvitie», Russia), Lasolvan lozenges (Ambroxol) (AO «Sanofi Russia», Russia, «Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH», Germany). Purpose of the study: to summarize the available literature data on lollipops as a dosage form and the possibilities of their use. Materials and methods. We conducted a literature review of scientific papers over the last 20 years, using the resources of the PubMed and eLIBRARY search engines with the key words below. For this meta-analysis, we used articles that provided evidence on the most current issues regarding lollipops as a dosage form. Results. Lollipops are a convenient adjusted dosage form. The list of available drugs included in this dosage form is limited. The introduction of alcohol-water extract from hawthorn fruits is a promising way to expand the range of dosage forms containing hawthorn. Conclusion. The result of the research was the establishment of prospects for expanding the range of dosage forms through the development of lollipops containing an alcohol-water extract from hawthorn fruits.

The Use of Adaptive Learning Technologies in e-Learning for Inclusive Education: A Systematic Review

The ongoing transformation of the education system involves the introduction of adaptive e-learning technologies at all levels, including inclusive education. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of scientific papers on e-learning, inclusion, and adaptive technologies. For this purpose, the PRISMA research approach was used to search for relevant sources and to initially process them. Main scientific bases: Scopus and Google Scholar. Date range: 2014–2023. The search for materials was carried out in stages: first, all duplicates were eliminated, a screening was performed, and sources were included based on 5 criteria (mainly content, methodology, and scientific novelty). The results show that the topic of using adaptive technologies, despite its potential, has not yet been covered in detail in scientific circles in recent years. The main methods of support and development of adaptive learning are co-teaching, individualized and differentiated learning. Besides, they should be used comprehensively to ensure a fair and inclusive environment. The conclusions indicate that the implementation of adaptive learning is important for successful inclusion. Among the adaptive learning technologies, various e-learning platforms, adaptive systems, communication tools, and assistive technologies are important. Together, they contribute to effective support for students with special educational needs.

Surgical treament of chronic pancreatitis (literature review)

Target. To summarize the available literature data on the methods of surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis, evaluate their results, identify shortcomings and possible solutions.Materials and Methods. We conducted a literature review of scientific papers over the past 20 years, using the resources of the search engines PubMed, Cyberleninka and eLIBRARY, on the available methods of surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis. For this meta-analysis, we used articles containing an evidence-based experimental and clinical base on issues related to long-term and immediate results of surgical treatment.Results and discussion. We analyzed the immediate and long-term results of the methods of surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis. In almost all studies, resection-drainage methods made it possible to effectively stop the pain syndrome for a long time. However, exoand endocrine insufficiency in most cases persisted or progressed, regardless of the method used. Another disadvantage of the existing methods was the inability to stop bleeding from the area of pancreatojejunostomy in the early postoperative period, so mortality after the development of these complications ranged from 5 to 60%.Conclusion. Based on the results studied, we identified the following disadvantages of the known methods of surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis: 1. A long loop of the small intestine, at least 70 cm, turned off from digestion, leading to a significant decrease in the length of the intestinal tube, and, accordingly, the area of absorption of food nutrients. 2. The features of the reconstructive stage of the operation do not provide the physiological flow of pancreatic secretion into the duodenum and, accordingly, the activation of enzymes, thereby turning off the duodenal phase of digestion. 3. Roux-enabled loop of the small intestine creates favorable conditions for the development of excessive bacterial growth. 4. Lack of endoscopic evaluation of the pancreas to stop bleeding in the early postoperative period. After analyzing the literature data, we came to the conclusion that the elimination of these shortcomings will improve the results of chronic pancreatitis treatment.

Әлеуметтік ғылымдардағы «бақыт» концептісін талдау

In the scientific article, the author reviewed psychological theories by conducting a historical analysis of the phenomenon of "happiness". It is established that the phenomenon of "happiness" in psychological science is constantly discussed in the conclusions of scientists on hedonism and eudenomism by two main scientific approaches. In addition, many factors that currently affect happiness were put forward by the American sociologist and political scientist Ronald Inglehart, basing his global values on the conclusions of research work. The research methods used were desk research, a review of scientific papers, theoretical and methodological analysis, secondary data analysis. The main information of the article consists of various theories and scientific approaches and modern research works related to the phenomenon of "happiness" in psychological science. The conclusion of the article states that the concepts of "happiness" and "well-being" are concepts that still complement each other in psychological science. We came to the conclusion that people evaluate happiness objectively and subjectively, hedonistically and eudemonistically.

Закономерности влияния электронных устройств на образ жизни и здоровье молодого поколения

High demand for electronic devices used both for educational purposes and during leisure time among the representatives of younger generation is reported. Inadequate development of skills related to the safe use of electronic devices results in impaired daily routine and eating pattern, impairs the quality and duration of sleep, contributes to the development of internet addiction, determines the risk of health problems in users, and provides the basis for the development of prevention programs to be used at the population, group, and individual levels. The paper summarizes the data on the influence of electronic devices on the lifestyle and health of young adults. The review of scientific papers published in the international and Russian databases (E-Library, PubMed, Cyberleninka) in 2019–2023 is provided. The accumulated knowledge about the adverse effects of electronic devices on health will make it possible to use the findings to search for effective preventive measures and plan further scientific research.

Why and when do reserves estimates in mining change and innovations take place?

This commentary is a practice expert essay based on review of scientific papers on phosphorus scarcity that provides a resumé of arguments relating to adequacy of phosphate rock (PR) resources to supply future requirements and an explanation as to why, although we cannot know how much will be available in future, we can say that the static lifetime is much more likely to be of the order of hundreds or even thousands of years rather than decades. Once the knowable facts are established, a case can be made for moving towards increased phosphate recycling and loss-reduction, based on the current inefficient use and the consequential harm done to the environment. Whilst these concerns are understandable, given that phosphate resources are finite and unsubstitutable, it is important to derive a true perspective in order that the most efficient use of financial and human resources can be deployed by governments. An assertion in 2010 that phosphorus mining would begin to be resource-constrained within decades proved false, but continues to be referred to by those advocating resource governance. Such assertions, when proved not to be accurate, run the risk of validating a ‘cornucopian’ view of mineral resource adequacy and diminish the tenets of ecological economics which, among other things, prescribe a move towards a circular economy, by cutting losses in the supply chain and increasing recycling. The phosphate supply industry has generally been less concerned about potential resource constrains than the academic community. It is true that, apart from a few larger state-owned producers, this lack of concern partly results from the industry's shorter-term economically-driven perspective which tends towards the cornucopian view. This short-term perspective of the commercial industry is at odds with the long-term mitigation of the impacts of mining that is a feature of ecological economics. In the phosphate industry mining and chemical processing has certainly led to major negative environmental legacies and impacts being deferred to future generations.

Enzyme preparations and their role in grain processing

The article presents the enzyme preparations Pentopan 500 BG and FungamylSuper AX by NovoNordisk in the field of application of enzyme preparations in grain processing and containing the enzyme xylanase, enzyme preparations penicilliumcanescens based on xylanase and α-amylase, penicilliumcanescens based on phytase, biobake-721 by Quest and containing cellulase, β-glucanase, a review of scientific papers that consider the types of enzyme preparations of celloviridine g 20x with a complex of xylanase enzymes was provided. When obtaining a finished product from whole grains, two main problems can be identified: improving the organoleptic and physico-chemical properties and improving the microbiological safety of bread. In this regard, in order to improve the safety of grain raw materials during grain processing, it is planned to use enzyme preparations to reduce the content of heavy metals in grain raw materials, increase the biological value of bread quality, improve physical, chemical and organoleptic indicators.

Hand hygiene practices among primary and secondary school students in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Abstract The purpose of this study was to comprehensively appraise and synthesize studies on hand hygiene practices among primary and secondary school students in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This is a thorough review of scientific papers published between 2015 and 2023 from primary databases such as the Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The review criteria were met by 26 out of 63 studies assessed for legibility. The review demonstrated that students in SSA had moderate and good hand washing practices in terms of regular hand washing, cleaning hands after defecation, and before and after eating. Furthermore, the review pinpoints hand washing practices as influenced by factors such as knowledge, hand washing facilities and materials, influences from parents and teachers or others, personal and social factors, media, gender, age, and other factors such as location, attitudes, and school modernity. Furthermore, the reviewed studies highlighted recommendations for improving hand hygiene practices, such as enhancing hand hygiene and environmental health education, mobilizing resources for hand washing, creating and implementing health policy, and conducting further studies. This review provides data for policymakers on how to improve student hand hygiene and adds to existing knowledge on hand hygiene practices.