Review Of Population-based Studies Research Articles

Hyperlipidemia: Etiology and Possible Control Through Homoeopathic Remedies

Hyperlipidemia is a condition characterized by an elevation of any or all lipid profile and/or lipoproteins in the blood. Hyperlipidemia is the most important atherosclerotic risk factor. Review of population-based studies in India shows increasing mean total cholesterol levels. Recent studies have reported that high cholesterol is present in 25–30% of urban and 15–20% rural subjects. This prevalence is lower than high-income countries. The most common Hyperlipidemia in India are borderline high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides. Studies have reported that over a 20-years period total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels have increased among urban populations. Homoeopathy can play vital role not only in prevention and promotion but also as treatment in pre-clinical condition of borderline high-risk lipid levels and clinical condition of Hyperlipidemia with the proper use of Repertory and Homoeopathic materia medica.

P607 The Faroese IBD Study: Update on incidence from 2015–2020 and prevalence from 1960–2020

Abstract Background Previous reports have found that the Faroe Islands has the highest reported incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the world.1,2 The purpose of this study was to update our previous work on the IBD incidence from 1960–20142 with data up until 2020 and to describe the prevalence of IBD over 60 years. Methods All cases of Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and IBD unclassified (IBDU) diagnosed between 1960 to 2020, including all age groups and year of death, were retrieved from the Medical Centre at the National Hospital of the Faroe Islands. Diagnoses were ascertained according to the Copenhagen Diagnostic Criteria. Population data from 1960–2020 were retrieved from Statistics Denmark and Statistics Faroe Islands. Point prevalence rates (per 100,000) were estimated as all IBD patients alive and living in the Faroe Islands by the end of 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, divided by the Faroese population (end of year). Results 232 individuals have been diagnosed with IBD during the past 6 years in the Faroe Islands: 29 (12%) with CD, 111 (48%) with UC and 92 (40%) with IBDU, resulting in an increased age-standardised IBD incidence rate (European Standard Population, ESP) from 74 per 100,000 person-years (py) in 2010–14 to 80 in 2015–20. Figure 1 illustrates the updated IBD incidence rate integrated with results from our previous study.2 The point prevalence rate of IBD was 5,8 cases per 100,000 persons in 1960; 46,6 in 1970; 133,9 in 1980; 325,4 in 1990; 610,7 in 2000; 925,1 in 2010 and 1407,9 cases per 100,000 in 2020, corresponding to 1,4% of the Faroese population living with IBD in 2020 compared to 0,6% in 2000. Conclusion The increasing incidence of IBD from 2015–2020 is mainly driven by IBDU, accounting for 40% of all cases and has increased from 21 per 100,000 (ESP) in 2010–14 to 32 in 2015–2020. The age-standardised incidence rate of CD remains unchanged compared to our previous study, at 10 per 100,000 (ESP), while the incidence of UC has decreased from 44 to 39 per 100,000 (ESP). The prevalence of IBD has increased radically in accordance with the increasing incidence. Further investigations into the high proportion of IBDU and causes of the observed IBD pattern is currently ongoing. 1. Ng SC, Shi HY, Hamidi N, et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet 2018;390:2769–78.et al. 2. The Faroese IBD Study: Incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Across 54 Years of Population-based Data. J Crohns Colitis 2016;10:934–42.

Systematic review of the prevalence and development of osteoporosis or low bone mineral density and its risk factors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUNDThe inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic, immune-mediated disorders of the digestive tract. IBD is considered to be a risk factor for developing osteoporosis; however current literature on this matter is inconsistent.AIMTo assess prevalence and development of osteoporosis and low bone mineral density (BMD), and its risk factors, in IBD patients.METHODSSystematic review of population-based studies. Studies were identified by electronic (January 2018) and manual searches (May 2018). Databases searched included EMBASE and PubMed and abstracts from 2014-2018 presented at the United European Gastroenterology Week, the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation congress, and Digestive Disease Week were screened. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they investigated either the prevalence of osteoporosis or osteopenia and/or risk factors for osteoporosis or low BMD in IBD patients. Studies on children under the age of 18 were excluded. Only population-based studies were included. All risk factors for osteoporosis and low BMD investigated in any included article were considered. Study quality and the possibility of bias were analysed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.RESULTSTwelve studies including 3661 IBD patients and 12789 healthy controls were included. Prevalence of osteoporosis varied between 4%-9% in studies including both CD and UC patients; 2%-9% in studies including UC patients, and 7%-15% in studies including CD patients. Among healthy controls, prevalence of osteoporosis was 3% and 10% in two studies. CD diagnosis, lower body mass index (BMI), and lower body weight were risk factors associated with osteoporosis or low BMD. Findings regarding gender showed inconsistent results. CD patients had an increased risk for osteoporosis or low BMD over time, while UC patients did not. Increased age was associated with decreased BMD, and there was a positive association between weight and BMI and BMD over time. Great heterogeneity was found in the included studies in terms of study methodologies, definitions and the assessment of osteoporosis, and only a small number of population-based studies was available.CONCLUSIONThis systematic review found a possible increase of prevalence of osteoporosis in CD cohorts when compared to UC and cohorts including both disease types. Lower weight and lower BMI were predictors of osteoporosis or low BMD in IBD patients. The results varied considerably between studies.

A systematic review of population-based studies on lipid profiles in Latin America and the Caribbean.

We aimed to study time trends and levels of mean total cholesterol and lipid fractions, and dyslipidaemias prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Systematic-review and meta-analysis of population-based studies in which lipid (total cholesterol [TC; 86 studies; 168,553 people], HDL-Cholesterol [HDL-C; 84 studies; 121,282 people], LDL-Cholesterol [LDL-C; 61 studies; 86,854 people], and triglycerides [TG; 84 studies; 121,009 people]) levels and prevalences were laboratory-based. We used Scopus, LILACS, Embase, Medline and Global Health; studies were from 1964 to 2016. Pooled means and prevalences were estimated for lipid biomarkers from ≥2005. The pooled means (mg/dl) were 193 for TC, 120 for LDL-C, 47 for HDL-C, and 139 for TG; no strong trends. The pooled prevalence estimates were 21% for high TC, 20% for high LDL-C, 48% for low HDL-C, and 21% for high TG; no strong trends. These results may help strengthen programs for dyslipidaemias prevention/management in LAC.

Tu1662 - The Global Incidence of Gastric Cancer in the 21st Century: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies from 2007-2017

Tu1662 - The Global Incidence of Gastric Cancer in the 21st Century: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies from 2007-2017

The natural history of Crohn's disease in children: a review of population-based studies.

The incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) has been reported to increase. The aim of this review is to perform a comprehensive literature search of population-based studies focused on the natural history of paediatric-onset CD. A literature search of English and non-English language publications listed in the electronic database of MEDLINE (source PUBMED) and EMBASE from 1935 to 2016 was performed. Population-based studies or national cohorts reporting data on the short-term or long-term disease course of paediatric CD were included. Forty-nine paediatric and 15 nonpaediatric studies on CD have been identified. Up to one-third of children with inflammatory behaviour developed bowel complications more than 5 years after diagnosis. From 48 to 88% of children have experienced at least one corticosteroid course irrespective of the period of diagnosis and up to one-third became steroid dependent. Immunosuppressive preparations were used earlier and more frequently in newer than older cohorts (68 vs. 32% at 5 years) and more than one-third of children have received biological treatment early in the disease course. A decline in the surgery rate might be observed in more recent compared with older unselected populations. The relative risk of cancer in childhood-onset CD as well as the risk of death seem to have increased. Childhood-onset CD seems to be an aggressive phenotype of the disease. Compared with older cohorts, a trend towards decreasing surgical rate can be observed in newer cohorts paralleled by an increase in immunomodulator use and biologicals. Nevertheless, the causative role has yet to be investigated.

PM209 Prevalence of Bradycardia and High-Degree Atrioventricular Block: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies

PM209 Prevalence of Bradycardia and High-Degree Atrioventricular Block: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies

A review of population-based studies on diabetes mellitus in Nigeria

Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality both in developing and developed countries. The incidence is rising rapidly with sub-Saharan Africa experiencing the largest percentage increase between 2013 and 2035. Nigeria has the largest number of people with the disease, yet information on the diabetes mellitus for policy and programming is fragmentary. Therefore, the purpose of this study to systematically identify population-based studies on diabetes in Nigeria and to determine the prevalence and sex differential. A literature search of the PubMed database was conducted of published research between 1990 and 2013 using the medical subject headings diabetes mellitus and Nigeria. The search was done at the end of 2013 which returned 741 hits. A manual search for additional studies was performed using references cited in the original articles. Some authors were contacted whose full-text publications were not available on the PubMed database or freely on the internet. Twenty population-based studies that had been conducted on the prevalence of diabetes in Nigeria between 1990 and December 2013 that satisfied the inclusion criteria were identified. The prevalence of diabetes ranged from 0.8% to 11% involving both urban and rural populations, with varying sampling schemes, one study reported a traditional population with very low prevalence of diabetes and highly specific populations as well. The review revealed a generally low prevalence (<10%) of diabetes in Nigeria. It also found that there is dearth of literature on diabetes. There is the need to undertake a nationally-representative survey to assess the burden of diabetes in general population.

Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies Validating ICD-9 and ICD-10 Codes Reporting on Sensitivity and Specificity of Diabetes Case Definitions Against a Reference

Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies Validating ICD-9 and ICD-10 Codes Reporting on Sensitivity and Specificity of Diabetes Case Definitions Against a Reference

Epidemiology and Etiology of Young Stroke

Introduction. Stroke in people under 45 years of age is less frequent than in older populations but has a major impact on the individual and society. In this article we provide an overview of the epidemiology and etiology of young stroke. Methods. This paper is based on a review of population-based studies on stroke incidence that have included subgroup analyses for patients under 45 years of age, as well as smaller community-based studies and case-series specifically examining the incidence of stroke in the young. Trends are discussed along with the relative frequencies of various etiologies. Discussion. Stroke in the young requires a different approach to investigation and management than stroke in the elderly given differences in the relative frequencies of possible underlying causes. It remains the case, however, that atherosclerosis contributes to a large proportion of stroke in young patients, thus, conventional risk factors must be targeted aggressively.

Global prevalence of dementia

Dementia is one of the most disabling conditions worldwide. Estimates based on an expert consensus show that more than 24 million people have dementia today and that numbers of people affected will double every 20 years to more than 80 million by 2040. Up to two thirds live in low and middle income countries. With the ageing of the population in these countries this proportion is also rising. Review of population-based studies on prevalence of dementia conducted in the 21 WHO world regions. Evidence on prevalence of dementia is missing for some regions. Prevalence of dementia is not uniform between countries, being somehow lower in some developing countries such as India and Nigeria. Differences on prevalence between countries might be due to differences in diagnosing dementia in these different settings. Differences in the level of exposure to environmental risk factors and patterns of mortality in early life might also be implicated. As patterns of morbidity and mortality converge with those of the richer countries, prevalence of dementia and other chronic conditions will do likewise, leading to an increased burden in poorer countries.