Review Of Non-pharmacological Interventions Research Articles

Recent Advances in Treating Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of Nonpharmacological Interventions

Recent Advances in Treating Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of Nonpharmacological Interventions

Ageing well with chronic musculoskeletal pain: protocol for a systematic review of non-pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing pain in an ageing population

Background: Chronic musculoskeletal pain in the elderly is highly prevalent, with osteoarthritis, low back pain, neck pain and other musculoskeletal disorders as the leading contributors to pain chronicity and disability. Previous reviews identifying effective components of non-pharmacological interventions for treating chronic pain have either few studies or the included studies examine outcome over a limited time span. This systematic review will investigate the effectiveness and components of interventions associated with management of chronic musculoskeletal pain in older adults (≥65 years).Methods/Design: This systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance. Randomised controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing pain in older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain will be included. Articles will be identified through a comprehensive search of the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, Scopus, Web of Science and PEDro. Two review authors will independently screen articles retrieved from the search for eligibility, and extract relevant data on methodological issues. A narrative synthesis will be completed if there are insufficient data for a meta-analysis. The narrative synthesis will summarise the current state of knowledge, interventions, study designs and robustness of evidence.Discussion: Findings of the study will inform support programs and interventions to assist people aging with pain, carers and other supporters and practitioners.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2017:CRD42017074173.

204. A Systematic Review of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

204. A Systematic Review of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Management of work disability in rheumatic conditions: A review of non-pharmacological interventions

Because of its substantial personal social and economic costs, workforce participation among individuals with rheumatic diseases has received considerable research attention. This chapter reviews non-pharmacological employment interventions for people with rheumatic diseases, focussing on the comprehensiveness of interventions, whether they have been targeted to those groups identified as most at risk, and intervention outcomes and effectiveness. Findings highlight that early diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases may not be enough to keep individuals employed and that comprehensive work interventions may have positive psychological effects, as well as result in increased work participation. However, we lack data addressing the optimum time to intervene and subgroup analyses to determine whether some groups are at increased risk for poor work outcomes. Consistent inclusion of behavioural and psychological outcomes to evaluate interventions and compare studies is also needed, along with cost-benefit studies, to determine the long-term feasibility of work interventions.

Apathy after acquired brain impairment: A systematic review of non-pharmacological interventions

Apathy commonly occurs after acquired brain impairment. It is characterised by impaired initiative, diminished activity, and lack of concern; formally delineated as a decrease in cognitive, behavioural and emotional components of goal-directed activity. The impact is widespread, hampering rehabilitation and outcome. This systematic review identifies and assesses the efficacy of non-pharmacological treatments for apathy following four types of acquired brain impairment (traumatic brain injury, dementia, cerebrovascular accident, encephalitis). Nine databases were searched. Studies were reviewed according to the following criteria: age over 16 years, acquired brain impairment, non-pharmacological intervention for apathy, and data reported on treatment efficacy. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed. Searches yielded 1754 articles, with 28 meeting criteria. Methodological quality ranged greatly. The majority of trials involved the dementia population. Cognitive interventions were the most frequent mode of treatment. For those with severe impairments, the strongest evidence suggested music therapy and for milder impairment, the strongest evidence was for cognitive rehabilitation. This review reveals a need for more high quality, methodologically rigorous treatment studies for apathy, particularly within the milder ranges of impairment. Initially, however, a uniform operational definition needs to be utilised in all research studies to minimise variability. Additionally, employing a standardised outcome measure specific to apathy would greatly enhance comparison among treatments.

Answers linked to Curtis L. Prevention of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections: review of non-pharmacological interventions. J Hosp Infect 2007;69:204–219.

Answers linked to Curtis L. Prevention of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections: review of non-pharmacological interventions. J Hosp Infect 2007;69:204–219.

Questions linked to Curtis L. Prevention of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections: review of non-pharmacological interventions. J Hosp Infect 2007;69:204–219.

Questions linked to Curtis L. Prevention of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections: review of non-pharmacological interventions. J Hosp Infect 2007;69:204–219.

Prevention of hospital-acquired infections: review of non-pharmacological interventions.

SummaryHospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections (HAIs) increase morbidity, mortality and medical costs. In the USA alone, nosocomial infections cause about 1.7 million infections and 99 000 deaths per year. HAIs are spread by numerous routes including surfaces (especially hands), air, water, intravenous routes, oral routes and through surgery. Interventions such as proper hand and surface cleaning, better nutrition, sufficient numbers of nurses, better ventilator management, use of coated urinary and central venous catheters and use of high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters have all been associated with significantly lower nosocomial infection rates. Multiple infection control techniques and strategies simultaneously (‘bundling’) may offer the best opportunity to reduce the morbidity and mortality toll of HAIs. Most of these infection control strategies will more than pay for themselves by saving the medical costs associated with nosocomial infections. Many non-pharmacological interventions to prevent many HAIs will also reduce the need for long or multiple-drug antibiotic courses for patients. Lower antibiotic drug usage will reduce risk of antibiotic-resistant organisms and should improve efficacy of antibiotics given to patients who do acquire infections.

Behavioural symptoms of dementia in residential settings: A selective review of non-pharmacological interventions

For people with dementia living in residential settings, behaviours such as aggression, screaming, restlessness, agitation and wandering are a frequent reason for referral to specialist mental health services for older people. Psychosocial models of dementia have grown in prominence and non-pharmacological interventions have been recommended in professional and government policy statements, either as a first line of treatment or alongside medication. Studies of their effectiveness have been criticised for being poorly controlled, focusing on milder behaviour problems and for requiring a disproportionate use of resources. The recent ruling that risperidone and olanzepine should not be used to control behavioural symptoms in dementia makes it timely to review the evidence for alternative treatments. The current review is a selective one of different types of studies including studies of staff training and liaison interventions, studies of a range of different therapeutic interventions and individualized interventions within a single-case methodology. It is argued that different types of research methodology are appropriate for different studies and that there is still too little evidence to provide firm guidelines. In conclusion, a structured decision-making process for selection of interventions is proposed, in which the limited available evidence can be drawn together to provide a basis for targeting clinical resources while the research evidence is strengthened.