Review Of Behavioral Research Research Articles

SU34. A Systematic Review of Behavioral Research and Lesion Evidence for the 2-Factor Theory of Monothematic Delusions

SU34. A Systematic Review of Behavioral Research and Lesion Evidence for the 2-Factor Theory of Monothematic Delusions

National Culture and Entrepreneurship : A Review of Behavioral Research

Conceptual arguments for the association between cultural characteristics and entrepreneurship have existed for decades but only in the last 10 years has this relationship been the focus of empirical scrutiny. In this article, we review and synthesize the findings of 21 empirical studies that examine the association between national cultural characteristics and aggregate measures of entrepreneurship, individual characteristics of entrepreneurs, and aspects of corporate entrepreneurship. The study concedes that a predominant number of empirical studies have used Hofstede's conceptualization of national culture and that other domains have been underdeveloped. A preliminary model that integrates past findings is extended. The review highlights fruitful avenues for future research.

Book reviews : Children with handicaps: a review of behavioral research. Gershon Berkson. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1993. xi + 479 pp

Book reviews : Children with handicaps: a review of behavioral research. Gershon Berkson. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1993. xi + 479 pp

Children with handicaps: a review of behavioral research

Contents: Introduction. Categories and Prevalence. Causes of Developmental Disorders. Identification and Diagnosis. Sensorimotor Processes. Attention, Learning, and Memory. Intelligence, Play, and Language. Motivation and Personality. Social Interactions. Educational Programs and Treatment Methods. Life in Adulthood.

Teaching and remediation of mathematics: A review of behavioral research

Studies employing applied behavior analysis in the teaching and remediation of mathematics are reviewed. Fifty-five studies are presented in a table, followed by a descriptive summary under the headings: treatment, programmatic studies, design, maintenance and generalization, academic behavior, dependent measure, reliability, and subjects. A more critical analysis and suggestions for future research are provided in a final section. Nearly all researchers adhered to most of the important applied behavior analysis research criteria (Baer, Wolf, & Risley, 1968). The review shows that a large variety of remediation techniques have been used, with an increasing trend towards student-initiated procedures, often as part of a treatment package. Behavioral techniques generally have been effective in improving various mathematical skills, but results obtained with student-initiated procedures are inconsistent. Progress was shown in several areas, including increased use of antecedent procedures, programmatic research, and better designs. However, the descriptions of subjects and reliability procedures were often inadequate, and few authors attended to treatment integrity and the programming of generalization.

Review of Behavioral research: Theory, procedure, and design. 2nd ed.

Review of Behavioral research: Theory, procedure, and design. 2nd ed.

The roots of territorial marking in the Mongolian gerbil: A problem of species-common topography

The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) has recently been introduced into behavioral research. Many features make it an ideal laboratory animal. It is docile, highly exploratory, a good learner, virtually odorless and can be maintained without water; other than that it metabolizes from its food. General characteristics of the gerbil are described, and a brief review of behavioral research is given. The gerbil also possesses unique attributes that can only be studied by matching experimental methodology with species-common responses. Territorial marking is used as example. The gerbil regularly marks objects in an open field by skimming the object with a midventral sebaceous scent gland. The marking and gland are dimorphic, with the male marking about twice as frequently as the female and possessing a gland roughly twice the size. The configuration of the field (object quality) modifies the frequency of the response, as does the time of day the animals are exposed to the field. Androgen levels control the level of marking in the male and female, and the correlations between testis weight, size of the sebaceous gland, secretory output and marking frequency are significant. When a gerbil is introduced into an open field recently contaminated by another gerbil, or when objects are smeared with sebum and placed in the field, the male tends to be more hesitant in several types of behavior. The laboratory measures are internally consistent and congruous with the notion that natural selection has acted to reinforce a hormone-behavior relation of social significance to the gerbil.