Article Reviews Research Articles

Opportunities and limitations to environmental management system (EMS) implementation in UK small and medium enterprises (SMEs) – A systematic review

Human activity has been the primary driver of wicked problems that have resulted in the twinned climate and biodiversity crises, that must now urgently be addressed by all sectors of society. Such impacts are primarily driven by economic activity and how business is conducted. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) make up the majority of global and UK business with relatively unquantified environmental impact. The present study investigates how UK-based SMEs experience environmental management systems (EMS) – tools used to systematically identify the environmental impact of products and processes - to identify key opportunities and limitations to their implementation.Between 2000 and 2021 the topic has received a consistent, but low level of attention, with a marginal increase that coincides with the introduction of environment, social, and governance (ESG) requirements. The study synthesized the findings of 30 publications identified in a systematic review of literature that were comprised of case studies and review articles. Internal drivers for embarking on an EMS were resource use efficiency and cost-savings, and market advantage was a frequent external driver. Limitations were often more internal than external, and included inadequacies in human resource, knowledge and skill to undertake an EMS in house. Legal compliance featured as both a key internal and external driver, but a lack of mandate for EMS implementation and external (e.g., governmental) support were critical external limitations. Consequently, key focal areas to upscale the ambition of EMS for SMEs were the provision of guidance and training, as well as top-down pressure.Overall, there are increasing pressures upon the SME sector to improve their sustainability performance due to the trickle-down effect of stronger, international ESG related policy and legislation into the value chain and EMSs may offer an established framework to enable SMEs to move with larger corporates into a more sustainable future.

Implementation of Assistive Technology for Visually Impaired Students in the Formal Education Sector

The recent shift in technology usage has impacted education significantly, including institutions that provide services for students with visual impairments. This article aims to analyze the role of assistive technology in the learning of students with visual impairments. This article uses the research method of article review with meta-analysis. The source of the review of this article is articles sourced from reputable articles on Google and Scopus by considering the same themes and keywords in this study, so that the discussion becomes more coherent and relevant. Based on the results of the literature study, it is found that the use of assistive technology in inclusive education focuses on the use of technology to practice, and to assist in the learning process. Assistive technology also provides accessibility to learners in various ways to complete their tasks more easily and independently that they could not previously complete.

The Politics of Contagion: States, Societies, and the Control and Consequences of Infectious Diseases

The study of contagion offers important but underexplored opportunities to rethink and advance our understanding of key concepts in political science. These include notably state capacity; social policy; state–society relations, especially the role of trust; nationalism and social solidarity; exclusionary dynamics, such as xenophobia, prejudice, and discrimination; and within political psychology, the role of emotions, including disgust. This article reviews studies on contagion and health within and adjacent to political science. While taking note of the surge of studies around COVID-19, this article focuses on work on infectious disease before and beyond the pandemic. It analyzes the scholarship as it sheds light on the control of infectious diseases, on the one hand, and on the consequences of that control, on the other, while also pointing to connections and feedback loops, especially as they open avenues for future research.

Neonatal Riga-Fede disease: A systematic review of 84 cases collected over 120 years

Background: Traumatic ulceration of the tongue due to congenital teeth is known as Riga-Fede disease (RFD). The literature on RFD consists largely of anecdotal case reports, thereby lacking valid clinical recommendations. While managing a newborn with RFD complicated by Ludwig’s angina, this knowledge gap was recognized. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to gain insight into the optimal management and the possible complications of RFD. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, supplemented with African Journals Online, Indmed, and manual searches. Papers published between 1900 and July 2023 in any language were retrieved. Neonates with natal or neonatal teeth and ulceration of the oral mucosa were included. Papers with incomplete data and review articles were excluded. Results: A total of 84 newborns with RFD from 62 published reports (including the case reported herein) were analyzed. Most of the reports were from the Indian subcontinent, and the frequency of reporting has increased since the year 2000. Tongue ulceration in all cases was due to mandibular incisors. There was no significant difference in the median duration of healing between the tooth extraction group (14 days) and the conservative management group (18 days). There was only a very weak positive correlation between the duration of symptoms and healing time, which was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Healing of mucosal ulcers in RFD is often protracted and does not appear to be influenced by the duration of symptoms or by the modality of treatment. Extraction of the offending teeth is more common (75% of cases) than conservative management, such as grinding (ameloplasty) or resin capping of teeth. RFD is mostly a benign disorder; however, serious complications such as meningitis, Ludwig’s angina, and soft tissue abscesses can rarely occur with Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Psychosocial Interventions to Reduce Post operative Pain in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common surgical remedy for patients with end-stage osteoarthritis. Although TKA is generally effective, a significant number of patients experience chronic post-surgical pain. Psychosocial interventions have increasingly become an area of interest in pain management following surgical procedures. Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the impact of pre-operative, peri-operative, and post-operative psychosocial interventions on reducing the likelihood of developing chronic pain after TKA. Methods: We performed a systematic review following the Cochrane guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. A comprehensive search strategy was employed using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Inclusion criteria were (1) patients undergoing; (2) pain outcome assessed ≥1 month post-operatively; (3) prospective and longitudinal study design (eg, randomized controlled trial, experimental non-randomized trial, cohort, case-control studies with measurement of exposure prior to outcome); (4) English language; and (5) psychosocial intervention (cognitive-behavioral, biopsychosocial, dialectical behavioral, psychoeducation, mindfulness, meditation, psychotherapy, relaxation, mind-body therapies, hypnosis). Exclusion criteria were non-primary literature (eg, review articles), non–peer-reviewed studies, and conference proceedings. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using Cochrane’s tool for Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2), the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS), and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I). Results: Of 4297 studies reviewed with title and abstract, 4160 were excluded. Of the remaining 137 studies that underwent full-text review, 122 were excluded using the same inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 15 studies were included. Our review indicates a variable but positive impact of psychosocial interventions, such as pre-operative education, relaxation techniques, and cognitive-behavioral therapy, on post-TKA pain. Of the 15 included studies, 9 studies found that psychosocial interventions reduced post-TKA pain. Our review also suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy may aid in reducing kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, and knee pain intensity. For the 12 randomized studies, the risk of bias was deemed “high” concerns for 3 studies, “some” concerns for 5 studies, and “low” concerns for 4 studies. For the 3 non-randomized studies, the risk of bias was deemed “moderate” due to confounding bias. Conclusions: This systematic review of level-I and level-II studies found that the integration of psychosocial interventions into care protocols for TKA offers benefits including improved patient satisfaction and quality of life and reduced health care costs. Limitations include heterogeneity in intervention types and outcomes measured and the varying levels of risk of bias across studies, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. The findings support a broader adoption of holistic, patient-centered approaches in pain management after TKA, emphasizing the importance of psychological well-being for optimal patient outcomes. However, the evidence is limited and constitutes a strong impetus for the further study of these interventions.

Recurring Materno-fetal Complications in Late Pregnancy: An Integrative Review

Background: Pregnancies at advanced ages are increasingly common in society, which represents a concern for the health system, since they are associated with complications and different comorbidities during pregnancy, which can negatively impact its course, due to the occurrence of adverse maternal-fetal events. Therefore, this study aims to summarize the main complications of advanced maternal age and their repercussions. Methods: An integrative review was developed, using the LILACS, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases and the search formula: (“complications”) AND (“pregnancy”) AND (“maternal age”), including articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish from 2018 to 2023, excluding duplicates and review articles. Results: 484 articles were filtered and, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 articles were selected to compose the study. From them, a higher incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus was evidenced in mothers over 35 years of age due to the progressive depletion of pancreatic β-cell function. In addition, pre-eclampsia was found to be seven times more common in pregnant women aged 40 years than in those under 30 years of age, as the gastro-omental arteries reduce compliance, affecting blood pressure regulation. Conclusion: Therefore, advancing age is related to the emergence of metabolic alterations and cardiovascular diseases that can harm maternal and fetal health, since pregnant women over 35 years of age are more prone to comorbidities that can result in adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Implementation of Pancasila Economic System Based on Sustainable Development Based on Kinship

The Pancasila economic system aims to renew the national economy in a structured, systematic, and massive manner by ensuring constitutional freedom in sustainable development based on family values to improve the quality of human life. The research formulates an effective strategy to implement the Pancasila Economic System within sustainable development, identifying challenges and obstacles and evaluating the impact of its family-based approach. This study employs literature research, collecting data through reviews of books, articles, journals, and relevant internet sources. The data collection tool is document research, and the data is analyzed qualitatively. Results indicate that an effective strategy for implementing the Pancasila economic system involves stakeholder and government involvement in policy-making, using a conceptual foundation to guide development. The system faces challenges such as global competition, foreign cultural influences, and technological transformation. To address these, collaboration among the government, private sector, and community is essential. For economic progress, the Pancasila economic democracy should be implemented based on kinship principles, emphasizing ethical, democratic values and a social sense of kinship among economic actors.

Managing Long-term Orofacial Contractures and Microstomia Through Intraoral Stretching.

Microstomia and orofacial contractures continue to garner interest regarding the effectiveness of treatment methodologies utilized to impact functional change. Oral splints are an accepted tool in the management of microstomia. However, the concepts of which oral splints to use, timing of initiation, and duration of treatment have not gained a consensus. This article reviews approaches to oral splinting and an alternative intraoral approach using splints designed to provide a graded, low load, multidirectional, and prolonged stretch specifically in facial burn survivors including those with mature scars. Two participants participated in a trial using oral splints placed inside the mouth at established contracture points. Participants were requested to use the splints for 1h twice daily. Participants were photographed weekly producing 9 facial expressions, and distance between 13 facial landmarks was measured to evaluate change in tissue length. Numerical changes observed from beginning to end of the trial indicate positive and negative alterations, signifying lengthening or shortening of tissue. Negative changes denote reduction in distance between endpoints, while positive changes signify an increase. Participants verbalized functional improvements in oral motor and psychosocial function posttreatment. To date, oral splints can be custom fabricated for each individual patient. However, few oral splints are created to provide multidirectional stretch focusing on problem areas across the mid and lower face. The intraoral splints and regimen described here have the capability of providing a stretching intervention that could be applicable in various stages of burn recovery.

Gluten-Free Diet Adherence Tools for Individuals with Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Tools Compared to Laboratory Tests.

This systematic review aimed to find the tool that best predicts celiac individuals' adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The Transparent Reporting of Multivariable Prediction Models for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD-SRMA) guideline was used for the construction and collection of data from eight scientific databases (PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, LIVIVO, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Proquest) on 16 November 2023. The inclusion criteria were studies involving individuals with celiac disease (CD) who were over 18 years old and on a GFD for at least six months, using a questionnaire to predict adherence to a GFD, and comparing it with laboratory tests (serological tests, gluten immunogenic peptide-GIP, or biopsy). Review articles, book chapters, and studies without sufficient data were excluded. The Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modeling Studies (CHARMS) was used for data collection from the selected primary studies, and their risk of bias and quality was assessed using the Prediction Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). The association between the GFD adherence determined by the tool and laboratory test was assessed using the phi contingency coefficient. The studies included in this review used four different tools to evaluate GFD adherence: BIAGI score, Coeliac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT), self-report questions, and interviews. The comparison method most often used was biopsy (n = 19; 59.3%), followed by serology (n = 14; 43.7%) and gluten immunogenic peptides (GIPs) (n = 4; 12.5%). There were no significant differences between the interview, self-report, and BIAGI tools used to evaluate GFD adherence. These tools were better associated with GFD adherence than the CDAT. Considering their cost, application time, and prediction capacity, the self-report and BIAGI were the preferred tools for evaluating GFD adherence.

Coercive Control in 2SLGBTQQIA+ Relationships: A Scoping Review.

Existing measures and theories of intimate partner coercive control largely evaluate men's coercion of women. The extent of knowledge pertaining to intimate relationships among other genders and sexual identities is unclear. Guided by a theoretical framework of intersectionality, we examined and synthesized original studies on coercive control by (perpetration) or against (victimization) Two Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, questioning, intersex, and asexual individuals within intimate partner relationships. We searched eight academic databases for records from 2014 through 2022 and hand-searched review articles' reference lists, supplemented with gray literature and website searches. Using duplicate screening, we identified 1,774 unique documents; 526 met preliminary eligibility criteria and 277 were retained for data extraction in duplicate. Coercive control was more common among minority individuals and was related to mental health challenges. Few studies reported on gender- or sexual-identity specific forms of coercive control, and an intersectional focus was uncommon. This review revealed a lack of agreed definition of coercive control or accepted standard of measurement, and a gap in research with individuals who identify as gender diverse, gender fluid or intersex, or those identifying their sexuality as asexual, pansexual, or sexually diverse.

Poly-L-Lactic Acid Reduces the Volume of Dermal Adipose Tissue Through its Metabolite Lactate.

Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), a well-established biostimulator that induces collagenases, is widely used among clinical practice to treat skin aging. However, the precise regulatory effect of PLLA on different dermal cell subsets beyond fibroblast has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we constructed in vivo PLLA injection and in vitro PLLA-adipocyte co-culture models to analyze the regulatory effects of PLLA on the volume, differentiation, lipolysis, and thermogenic capacity of dermal adipocyte. We found that PLLA injection significantly reduced the thickness of dermal fat in mice. In co-culture assay, PLLA showed no effect on adipogenesis, but stimulated the lipolysis activity. Interestingly, PLLA also enhanced the differentiation of fat cells into beige fat cells, which possess higher thermogenic capacity. In mechanical study, we blocked adipocyte lactate uptake with a monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1/4) inhibitor and found that the regulatory effect of PLLA on dermal adipocyte relies on its metabolite lactate. In summary, our results suggest that PLLA has complex regulatory effects on the dermal cells, and its ability to improve skin aging is not fully attributed to stimulating collagen synthesis, but also partially involves adipocytes.No Level Assigned This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Structures of Large Tin(IV) Oxo Clusters

AbstractThe article reviews and categorizes the structures of tin oxo clusters with nuclearities ≥6 and compares them with oxo clusters of the other group 4 and 14 metals. Basic construction principles of the cluster core are worked out by comparing the different cluster types and by identifying smaller building blocks. The comparison also shows how the different cluster types are influenced by the interplay between the ligands which stabilize the cluster core and the bridging oxygen atoms.

Different Types of Cell Death in Diabetic Neuropathy: A Focus on Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes, affecting over 50% of patients, leading to significant pain and a burden. Currently, there are no effective treatments available. Cell death is considered a key factor in promoting the progression of DN. This article reviews how cell death is initiated in DN, emphasizing the critical roles of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy. Additionally, we thoroughly summarize the mechanisms of cell death that may be involved in the pathogenesis of DN, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, among others, as well as potential therapeutic targets offered by these death mechanisms. This provides potential pathways for the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy in the future.

Review of Subcutaneous Insulin Regimens in the Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults and Pediatrics.

Summarize the studies evaluating the use of subcutaneous (SQ) insulin in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in adults and pediatrics. A PubMed literature search was conducted for articles published between 2000 and the end of May 2024 which contained the following terms in their title: (1) subcutaneous, glargine, or basal and (2) ketoa*. Review articles, guidelines, meta-analysis, commentaries, studies not related to the acute management of DKA, studies evaluating continuous SQ insulin, animal studies, if the time to DKA resolution was not clearly defined, and studies where basal insulin was administered greater than 6 hours after the insulin infusion was started were excluded. The electronic search identified 58 articles. Following the initial screening 38 articles were excluded and 3 were added after bibliography review. Of the 23 articles assessed for eligibility, 7 were excluded. Sixteen articles were included. Five studies compared SQ rapid/short-acting insulin and intravenous (IV) insulin infusions in adults, 4 compared SQ rapid/short-acting insulin and IV insulin infusions in pediatrics, 4 evaluated IV insulin infusions with or without SQ basal insulin in adults, and 3 evaluated IV insulin infusions with or without SQ basal insulin in pediatrics. In comparison with IV insulin infusions, rapid/short-acting SQ insulin regimens were associated with reduced ICU admission rates, hospital length of stay, and hospitalization costs. IV insulin infusion regimens that included a single SQ basal insulin dose upon therapy initiation were associated with reduced concurrent IV insulin infusion durations. Studies reviewed suggest that SQ insulin regimens may be as effective and safe as IV insulin infusions in the management of DKA and are associated with the conservation of resources. Providers may refer to this review when establishing or modifying their DKA management protocols.

When your reputation precedes you: strategic recruitment for enhancing diversity

PurposeThis paper provides a discussion of evidence supporting strategic, targeted recruitment for increasing minority representation in police agencies in the context of negative reputations for inclusion.Design/methodology/approachDatabase searching along with backward and forward citation chaining identified 145 articles for review. After extracting the recruitment strategies mentioned that had empirical support for effectiveness, a framework was developed for categorizing those strategies.FindingsPolice agencies use some evidence-based practices (e.g. community engagement) but could do more to enhance diversity. Strategy applicability in the context of limited organizational diversity or a less positive reputation as an inclusive employer is discussed.Practical implicationsThis review provides a clear set of recommended best practices for agencies to use in evaluating and enhancing their efforts at targeted recruiting.Originality/valueReviews of recruiting practices in policing have not provided a deep consideration of the evidence base for practice effectiveness nor considered practices that have support in non-policing contexts. Our review addresses the concerns of agencies that must address a less positive image regarding diversity and inclusion.

Application of Genomic Technology in Early Diagnosis and Personalized Treatment for Cancer Patients

This journal article delves into the transformative impact of genomic technology in the realm of cancer diagnosis and treatment, specifically focusing on early detection and personalized therapeutic interventions. Genomic advancements have revolutionized our understanding of cancer at the molecular level, offering unprecedented insights into the genetic basis of the disease. This study explores the application of genomic technology to enable early diagnosis by identifying specific genetic markers associated with different cancer types. The research also investigates the integration of genomic information into personalized treatment plans, tailoring interventions based on the unique genetic profile of individual patients. Precision medicine, guided by genomic data, has shown promising results in improving treatment outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. The article reviews key genomic technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and gene expression profiling, highlighting their role in elucidating the intricate genetic landscape of cancer. Furthermore, ethical considerations and challenges associated with the implementation of genomic technology in cancer care are discussed. Issues about patient privacy, data security, and the need for informed consent are addressed to ensure responsible and patient-centered genomic practices. The findings underscore the potential of genomic technology to revolutionize cancer care, ushering in an era of early detection and personalized treatment strategies. As we move towards an era of precision oncology, understanding the implications and nuances of genomic applications becomes crucial for healthcare practitioners, researchers, and policymakers alike.

Overcoming underestimation of the association of excess weight with pancreatic cancer due to prediagnostic weight loss: Umbrella review of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and pooled-analyses.

Elevated body mass index (BMI) is linked to increased pancreatic cancer (PC) risk. Cancer-associated weight loss can occur years before the malignancy is diagnosed. This might have led to underestimation of the BMI-PC association. However, it is unknown if and to what extent this issue has been considered in previous epidemiological studies. We searched two databases through February 19, 2024 for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and pooled analyses examining the BMI-PC association. We extracted information on study design with a special focus on the article's examination of prediagnostic weight loss as a potential source of bias, as well as how included cohort studies addressed this concern. Thirteen review articles, meta-analyses, and pooled analyses were identified. Only five (four pooled analyses, one systematic review) considered prediagnostic weight loss in their analyses. Twenty-four of 32 identified cohort studies reported having excluded initial years of follow-up. However, only 13 studies reported results after such exclusions, and effect estimates generally increased with longer periods of exclusion. We conclude that the association of overweight and obesity with PC risk is likely larger than suggested by published epidemiological evidence. Future studies should pay careful attention to avoid or minimize potential bias resulting from prediagnostic weight loss.

Image-Based 3D Reconstruction in Laparoscopy: A Review Focusing on the Quantitative Evaluation by Applying the Reconstruction Error.

Image-based 3D reconstruction enables laparoscopic applications as image-guided navigation and (autonomous) robot-assisted interventions, which require a high accuracy. The review's purpose is to present the accuracy of different techniques to label the most promising. A systematic literature search with PubMed and google scholar from 2015 to 2023 was applied by following the framework of "Review articles: purpose, process, and structure". Articles were considered when presenting a quantitative evaluation (root mean squared error and mean absolute error) of the reconstruction error (Euclidean distance between real and reconstructed surface). The search provides 995 articles, which were reduced to 48 articles after applying exclusion criteria. From these, a reconstruction error data set could be generated for the techniques of stereo vision, Shape-from-Motion, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, deep-learning, and structured light. The reconstruction error varies from below one millimeter to higher than ten millimeters-with deep-learning and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping delivering the best results under intraoperative conditions. The high variance emerges from different experimental conditions. In conclusion, submillimeter accuracy is challenging, but promising image-based 3D reconstruction techniques could be identified. For future research, we recommend computing the reconstruction error for comparison purposes and use ex/in vivo organs as reference objects for realistic experiments.

The importance of physician engagement in healthcare policy and advocacy

Advocacy is a key component to a physician's practice; we advocate on behalf of our patients daily. As important as those efforts are, it is equally important that physicians are engaged in health care policy and advocacy on the state and federal level, where decisions are made that can directly impact a physician's ability to care for patients. This article summarizes the importance of physician engagement in these activities, looking at both the legislative and regulatory processes. It reviews how both interact with one another, and the impact it has on the patient-physician relationship. Finally, this article reviews ways in which physicians can easily get involved with advocacy, including providing resources available to assist those who never participated in these efforts before.

Recent Updates on Novel Carrier Systems for the Delivery of Herbal Bioactives with Poor Bioavailability and their Clinical Trial Status

Abstract: Herbal medicine and its active phytochemicals have been used since ancient times to cure, mitigate, and treat various health issues, such as inflammation, wounds, fever, cough, cold, diabetes, viral diseases, cancers, etc. Different databases, such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Pubchem, and ScienceDirect, were searched exhaustively to find potent herbal leads and their novel carrier systems. Literature was collected from these databases for the last twenty years. Various research articles, review articles, books, and patents were referred for screening of the herbal bioactives. In the recent past, herbal medicine-derived bioactives like curcumin, paclitaxel, catechin, betulinic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, resveratrol, glycyrrhizin, silybin, berberine and many more have been reported for several pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial, etc. However, they have limitations like low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability, which restrict their therapeutic efficacy and clinical use. In this context, Novel Carrier Systems (NCSs) are promising to overcome the problems of herbal bioactives. NCSs, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, nanocapsules, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, dendrimers, nanoemulsions, phytosomes, transfersomes, ethosomes, etc., have been utilized to encapsulate the bioactives and drugs to enhance their solubility, permeability, elimination half-life, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, they protect the drugs/herbal bioactive from the gastric environment and minimize the dose-associated toxicity. Recent advances in the various approaches, including new methodology, analytical techniques, delivery mechanism, materials, loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro and in vivo models, were considered in the compilation of this review article. It was found that NCSs are pioneering in drug delivery and targeting. The present study highlights the importance of herbal bioactives, advanced NCSs, patents, and their clinical trial status.