Good Return Research Articles

A Hierarchical Approach to a Tri-Objective Portfolio Optimization Problem Considering an ESG Index

Traditional portfolio construction primarily revolves around a bi-objective approach, focusing on minimizing portfolio variance while maximizing expected returns. However, this approach leaves out other objectives that could interest decision makers. In this work, we incorporate an extra objective, namely the environmental, social, and governance index (ESG), as a secondary objective. This addition empowers investors to customize their portfolios by defining explicit trade-off thresholds between expected returns and risk, considering the ESG index. To achieve this goal, we make use of external archiving techniques and evolutionary algorithms. In particular, we first find approximate solutions to the bi-objective problem; then, we look for efficient solutions for ESG. We tested our approach with data on the Dow Jones, S&P500, and Nasdaq100 from Yahoo Finance. The results show that the proposed methodology can identify portfolios with good returns and risks considering ESG.

Financial Modelling System Using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for Financial Risk Assessments

ABSTRACTThe FOREX market assessment is a big challenge for investors and global risk managers. However, the present study uses daily multicurrency exchange rate returns data from 2007 to 2022 to estimate the learning returns performance of the proposed model to find a safe‐haven currency for optimal investment strategy. The categorical returns are classified into good returns (GRs), bad returns (BRs) and no returns (NRs). Therefore, the present study needs to use a one‐hot‐encoding function to convert a categorical dataset into a numeric format with TensorFlow. The present study proposes a deep neural network‐based multilayer perceptron (DNN‐based MLP) with a backpropagation algorithm to estimate the learning returns performance of the proposed model to find a safe‐haven currency for optimal investment strategy. The findings showed that currency exchange rate return 2 (CERR2) is relatively a safe‐haven currency than currency exchange rate return 1 (CERR1) and currency exchange rate return 3 (CERR3). Moreover, the findings also showed that the proposed model gives optimal learning return performance. This study may assist FOREX investors to modify their investment strategies under shed light of findings of the study. In addition, the findings of the present study may also support global risk managers to revisit their hedging strategies.

Exploring the influence of Silicon Valley Bank default and U.S. financial stress on sectoral interactions and effective hedging strategies

ABSTRACT The SVB implosion could trigger a domino effect, shaking confidence in U.S. banks. This research estimates the response of good and bad cumulative abnormal returns (G-CARs, B-CARs) on the event day, pre-event and post-event periods, using financial stress, oil, geopolitical and equity uncertainty as controls. We also examine the moderating impact of the SVB implosion and U.S. financial stress indices (US-FSI) on the good and bad dynamic conditional correlations between 132 U.S. sectoral pairings. Additionally, we assess the best portfolio distribution to determine if short positions in specific U.S. sectors offer better protection against SVB’s long-term volatility using the DCC-GARCH-t copulas. Overall findings suggest that B-CARs are more adversely affected than G-CARs. Therefore, investors need to consider bearish and bullish market conditions before devising hedging strategies. The Financials, Health Care, Industrial, Materials, Oil and Gas, Real Estate and Transportation sectors of U.S. experienced significant losses due to higher B-CARs around the SVB default event. Furthermore, the SVB default’s moderating impact on the U.S. sectoral stock returns is more pronounced during bearish market conditions compared to bullish ones following a Black Swan event. This suggests a differential moderating impact of SVB on good and bad conditional connectedness and a reduction in diversification benefits.

Simulation, technical-economic evaluation and risk analysis of the purification of different bio-oils obtained by the fast pyrolysis process

Biomass is a natural compound that originates from various forms of organic matter. One way to transform biomass into value-added products is through the fast pyrolysis process, which is a thermochemical process that produces solid, liquid and gaseous compounds. The main product of this process is the bio-oil, found in the liquid phase and containing a wide range of value-added compounds that can be obtained through extraction and distillation. Simulation is an important tool for predicting, modeling and understanding the feasibility of the desired process, along with economic analysis of risks and uncertainties, which are useful techniques for studying the feasibility of projects. In this context, this work aimed to carry out the simulation using the Aspen Plus ® process simulator, the analysis of economic viability and the analysis of risks and uncertainties of the process of separation and purification of bio-oil compounds, derivatives of wood from eucalyptus, eucalyptus residues and sugarcane bagasse. After completing these steps, the project achieved a good result, with desired products being obtained with a considerable degree of purity for commercialization. Economically, all processes were viable, obtaining a good return on investment and a short payback period, despite the high costs involved. Even considering risks and uncertainties, including the variation in the cost of raw materials and production capacity, the investment still returned good results, demonstrating that the project is economically viable even under these circumstances.

Transactions Using the Cod (Cash on Delivery) Payment Method: Consumer Protection Legal Perspective

The widespread use of e-commerce services by the public shows that buying and selling activities that were previously carried out conventionally have become activities that can be accessed only via smartphones, laptops/computers with an internet network. However, it is not uncommon for consumers to object because goods purchased using the cash on delivery or COD payment method do not match the order when they arrive at the delivery destination. This illustrates that one side of the consumer is the party that is seriously disadvantaged. Meanwhile, business actors still make a profit from selling the goods they make. Based on the problems above, the problem formulation is how to legally protect consumers for losses that can be suffered in transactions via COD and what measures can be taken by consumers for losses suffered in transactions via COD. This research method uses normative legal research. The approach used is the statutory and regulatory analysis approach which is used to answer the problems that have been previously formulated. The analysis technique is carried out qualitatively by describing the issues and then organizing them systematically and connecting them with the legal materials that have been found. Cash on Delivery (COD) means pay on delivery is a payment method that is in great demand in e-commerce. As the name suggests, this payment method allows buyers to make payments in cash when the order arrives at the destination address. Trading by e-commerce actually has a legal basis for ordinary trade. Or in other words, e-commerce is conventional trade that is special because the role of media and electronic devices is very dominant. Transactions using the COD payment method were initially present to facilitate online buying and selling transactions. However, this mechanism also has the potential to cause significant losses for consumers. Enforcement of consumer rights is a necessity in order to ensure legal certainty to provide protection to consumers, including in transactions that use the COD payment method as regulated in Article 4 of the Consumer Protection Law. There are various reasons for goods being returned by consumers who have used COD payments such as products. damaged, non-functioning products, insufficient products, incomplete orders, inappropriate products, and counterfeit products. For disputes that arise due to the COD system, there is a method that has been determined by each marketplace to submit an objection or request a return of goods to the business actor by attaching proof that the goods received do not meet consumer expectations. Meanwhile, consumers who feel their rights have been violated can complain and process their case legally at the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK) or through court.

Land financialization and gentrification: evidence from China

As land becomes detached from its social function and market speculation intensifies, housing prices tend to rise, rendering homeownership less affordable. Following the escalation of property values, gentrification is often observed as wealthier individuals and investors are attracted to neighborhoods that offer good amenities and potential returns on their investments. Utilizing diverse datasets from multiple sources in China, this paper unveils a positive association between land financialization and the occurrence of gentrification. It also reveals that land financialization is positively linked with housing prices while negatively associated with homeownership. Further investigation uncovers a more nuanced pattern. At lower levels of land financialization, the effects of gentrification are limited or even negative due to revitalization efforts and the gradual rise in property values during early-stage urban development dynamics. However, as land financialization surpasses a certain threshold, the intensification of investment and speculative activity substantially drives property price increases, leading to heightened gentrification processes. These findings underscore the need for thoughtful urban planning and policy interventions to ensure that the impacts of land financialization are managed in an equitable and sustainable manner.

ACCOUNT OF RETURN OF GOODS AND ITS EFFECT ON TAX PAYMENTS

ACCOUNT OF RETURN OF GOODS AND ITS EFFECT ON TAX PAYMENTS

Genetic and Nutritional Secrets of Groundnut Varieties Unveiled for Enhancing Farmers Income by Groundnut Value Chain Process

Background: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important oil seed crops. It is nutritionally and economically a high value oil seed crop and is in the sixth most important in the world. It is also known as a “Wonder legume”. Methods: Based on the physical parameters the peanut varieties were classified as high oil content (50-53%) varieties viz.,VRI (Gn) 5, Co(Gn)4, Co7 and low oil content (44-49%). varieties viz., VRI 9, VRI10, BSR 2. Among the varieties, the best suited variety for secondary processed products namely, salted peanuts, peanut chikki, peanut butter, peanut chutney powder, masala peanut were assessed and evaluated for the nutrient composition and sensory evaluation. Result: All the varieties exhibited good source of protein, fat, crude fiber. free fatty acid and peroxide value and confirmed to the FSSAI standards. Developed secondary processed product has excellent keeping quality. scored maximum sensory score in terms of organoleptic attributes. The higher oil content peanut varieties are recommended for oil extractionand the varieties with oil content below 50% are well suited for secondary processed products. This paper gives the detailed report of choosing the suitable groundnut variety for different secondary processing. Training cum demonstration on selecting suitable variety for different processing was imparted to the farmers in improving the value chain and to get good returns. However, a diversity of value adding options are being promoted for adoption by farmers to sustainably improve and raise farmers’ household incomes livelihoods.

Evaluating financial risk management in corporation financial security systems

Systemic risks are relevant to most segments of financial and economic activity, which creates the threat of financial instability of enterprises. Financial security, in this case, implies the state of financial soundness; it is expressed through various parameters including the level of solvency, financial stability, business activity, and efficiency of management. These questions are specific to each indicator, and this paper aims to understand their relations and how changes in them can result in risks. It elaborates the risk analysis and assessment procedure that uses a set of common financial analysis tools and determines key financial coefficients. Liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, profitability ratios, and the risk exposure metrics are the key areas that the research is based on. Correlating the financial indicators from a rich dataset from Yahoo’s Stock market data, regression analysis is used to determine these relationships between these indicators and risk management factors. A positive relationship between liquidity ratios and profitability is detected points to the fact that, firms with high liquidity levels are more capable of attaining good financial health and returns. It establishes the need for the development of a credible risk management structure that would lower threats to fiscal and economic activities. In light of this, the research shows that the liquidity and solvency management lowers financial risk and improves return for companies. The regression analysis was conducted to ascertain the degree of predictability of each independent variable to the dependent variable and the findings revealed that approximately 94 percent of each independent variable is predictable of the dependent variable that able to establish as much as 5% of the total variability in profitability, with the PE ratios being an indication of this aspect, was attributed to stock prices, as a result, the firm must be keen on its financials. This paper explores the employability of the proposed methods and models to assess the risks with high accuracy and supports optimum decision making in regard with the needed security of the enterprises. By adopting these methodologies, the businesses can observe and estimate risks which exist in the future which would help them to avoid certain issues or dangers and also pave the way for the improvements of the financial stability of the businesses. On this note, the study establishes the fact that incorporating the notion of total risk management into the framework of analyzing business and making financial decisions is inevitable in maintaining corporate financial stability and realizing perpetual economic solidity. This research enriches the literature on financial risk management, as it outlines viable strategies for the protection of enterprise financial sustainability.

Analysis and design of compact dual-mode bandpass filter based on modified CSRR with wide stopband for 5G sub-6 GHz mobile communications

In this paper, a dual-mode bandpass filter with a wide stopband based on modified complementary split-ring resonators for 5G sub-6 GHz mobile communications is presented. The non-magnetic resonant particle known as a complimentary split ring resonator is used with a host microstrip line with a series gap in order to obtain a bandpass response. Since a complementary split-ring resonator provides a narrow passband, a T-slot has been introduced in the middle of this resonator to obtain dual-mode behavior with controllable bandwidth. Moreover, a pair of stubs are added to the host microstrip line in order to achieve a wide stopband with good out-of-band rejection. The proposed resonator is analyzed, and a bandpass filter is designed to operate at 3.6 GHz to cover the 5G band from 3.4 to 3.8 GHz. The results show that the filter has a low insertion loss, good return loss, and a wide stopband up to 9 GHz with a compact size since its resonator offers a size of 0.1 λ g × 0.14 λ g where λ g is the guided wavelength at 3.6 GHz.

Assessing the Economic Viability of Solar Electrification Against Grid Extension in Rural Ghana

Electricity availability is crucial for socioeconomic development, particularly in developing nations' rural areas. As a result, solar electrification has therefore been recommended as a more sustainable and cost-effective option for rural electrification. The research aim was to compare the economic viability of solar electrification against grid extension in rural Ghana, by examining the cost-benefit of solar electrification and grid extension and identifying the most cost-effective and sustainable approach for providing electricity to rural communities in Ghana. Hundred respondents were selected for this study using a simple random sampling technique. Most respondents believe that solar systems are cheaper to install estimating between GHS 40000 and GHS 50000 compared to grid extensions which averages about GHS 320000, as they can be installed by professionals. Solar electricity offers a good return on investment and doesn't require monthly bills, making it economically sound. Maintenance is easy and cost- efficient compared to grid extensions. Solar electrification doesn't emit carbon emissions of greenhouse gases, and it improves grid security. Most respondents agree that solar electrification generates employment opportunities and is cost-competitive with conventional electricity. They also believe solar energy ensures clean energy for sustainable development and poverty alleviation. Solar electrification is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to grid extension, reducing carbon footprint and providing reliable power. Its initial capital investment is crucial for its economic viability. The study recommends research on hybrid systems integrating solar electrification with grid extension, exploring new technologies like energy storage and smart grids, and exploring regulatory frameworks and policy incentives to promote private sector investments in solar electrification in rural Ghana.

Analisis Ancaman Penipuan yang Terjadi pada Penjual dalam E-comerce Bagi Dunia Bisnis di Tahun 2024

This research aims to investigate the experiences and protection strategies against fraud in digital business, focusing on Anafoya store that sells clothing products. The study reveals various challenges faced by sellers in dealing with fraud in the context of digital business. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study research design through in-depth interviews. The interview results highlight several common forms of fraud, such as non-payment in COD transactions and returns of goods that do not match their condition. To address these challenges, Anafoya store has implemented proactive protection strategies, such as strengthening payment verification procedures and tightening return policies.

Exploring the Significance of Somaclonal Variations in Horticultural Crops.

Genetic and epigenetic variations produced via cell and tissue culture open up new sources of variability intra-species which can be used to improve crops. The use of in vitro generated somaclonal variations for selecting novel variants aids in the development of novel genotypes having desirable agronomic traits that can be released as varieties or utilized for breeding purposes. Horticultural crops give higher yield and productivity per unit area than other crops, as well as provide good economic returns which have led to an increase in their potential benefits throughout time. The last three to four decades have seen the selection and release of a number of valuable somaclonal variants, many of which possess remarkable features including disease resistance, high yield, improved nutritional quality and abiotic stress tolerance. Generating somaclonal variations has given breeders a novel alternative option for obtaining genetic diversity in horticultural crops and without advanced technologies. The variations introduced through tissue culture process, methods to determine and validate genetic changes in vitro regenerated plantlets, along with prospective application of such variations in horticultural crops' improvement are reviewed in the present work.

Electrodeposition of CuxBi1-x-MOF for electrochemical reduction of CO2

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon compounds such as formate offers a promising pathway to carbon-neutral future. Bismuth (Bi) has the advantages of low toxicity, good economic returns, and high overpotentials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the Faradaic efficiencies and yield rates of Bi-based catalysts still need to be improved before applying to practical applications. In this work, bimetallic metal–organic framework Cux/Bi1-x-BTC was loaded on a copper foam electrode by one-step electrodeposition to form a catalytic electrode. The performance of Cux/Bi1-x-BTC electrodes for reducing carbon dioxide to formic acid was evaluated in H-type electrolytic cells. Electrochemical-prepared Cux/Bi1-x-BTC showed higher reaction rate and Faradaic efficiency (FE), than either Cu-BTC or Bi-BTC in a CO2‒saturated 0.1 M KHCO3 solution. Carbon dioxide was reduced to formic acid on CuxBi1-x-BTC electrtode. The Faradaic efficiency reached 73.4% at −1.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and the conversion rate was 2.68 × 10−4 mol h−1 cm−2.

Green Wheels, Greener Wallets: Economic Viability of Last-Mile Delivery Fleet Electrification in Case of Latvia

The analysis of internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) usage habits in the DPD Latvija company and the study of the specifics of its last-mile delivery transport business will allow to understand whether electromobility solutions can make the company more efficient. The question addressed in the research is whether the electrification of the delivery vehicle fleet can reduce transport expenses for the company and under what conditions. For estimation of direct and indirect costs of transport acquisition and usage Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is used. The company’s daily operation parameters and technical data of the used vehicles VW e-Crafter and VW Crafter 35 Kasten/long base are considered in the study. Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) calculation methods are used for analyzing the investment project. The expense of the creation of electrical vehicle charging infrastructure is not considered, because the company’s daily routine allows to cover all charging processes overnight by using domestic sockets together with Mode 2 chargers. All technical data and calculations were made for deliveries in a city cycle. In financial terms of owning delivery transport, the company is using a 5-year operational lease with 0% first payment. The obtained results in terms of TCO comparison showed a slight advantage by using EV after 5 years of last-mile delivery service per 1 vehicle – 706.98 Euro at 31200km a year or 100km in the working day of 6-day working week (156000km in 5-year is under 160000 warranty condition). The calculation is performed for DPD Latvija 213 ICE vans of a total 240-vehicle fleet. Results of NPV, NPVI, and IRR with a comparison rate of 10.6% for EV case clearly show a sufficiently good return. The Net Present Value of the solution is 89271.92 Euro and the Internal rate of return is 48.05%. The study proves that the electrification of the last-mile delivery company's fleet is economically justified and within 5 years. In the process of electrification, the company will reduce its expenses – by 1.45%, which increases the net annual profit by 0.13%. The main conclusion is that the company will not incur losses by switching to an environmentally friendly vehicle, the capital investment in a realistic scenario pays off already from the 3rd year. Nevertheless, the authors of the study recommend evaluating delivery vehicles with higher driving range parameters, because during peak delivery and seasons with cold weather, the company may experience unplanned downtime and expenses due to the need for additional charging time at public charging networks on the road, that could lead to financial losses and need for TCO calculation corrections.

Optimisation of Agriculture Production

The Mechanism for A lack of understanding of ideal agricultural practises, which, if applied, can increase yields at low costs while optimising resource utilisation, is a key cause of agriculture's suffering. Many farmers are abandoning or moving away from farming, particularly agriculture, because they are not receiving a good return on their investment. In other words, they take out enormous loans to buy the tools, seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, and other resources required to grow crops, but the crop output is insufficient to meet the loan total, resulting in severe losses and debt. As a result, a substantial portion of our country's rich land, which was formerly the primary source of GDP, is being wasted, dealing a serious damage to the Indian economy. Through this research, we hope to provide a small but effective answer to this massive problem by assisting farmers in farming optimally—that is, by assisting them in selecting the crop that will generate the best yield given the farm's current soil and climate

Boeing: Reclaiming the lost ground?

Boeing is a leading American aerospace and defense company that has a long history dating back to 1916. William Boeing, in Seattle, Washington, founded the company and focused initially on building seaplanes for commercial and military use. Throughout its history, Boeing has taken several risks that have helped to shape the company into the global powerhouse it is today. One of the earliest examples of this is the company's decision to shift its focus from building seaplanes to building land-based aircraft in the 1920s. This move was risky at the time, as the market for land-based aircraft was still relatively untested, but it ultimately paid off as the demand for air travel proliferated in the following years. Another significant risk that Boeing took was the development of the 747, which was the first wide-body commercial airliner. This massive project required a significant investment in time and money, which later proved to be a huge success and established Boeing as the leader in the commercial aircraft industry. Boeing has traditionally adopted this risky business strategy, popularly known as “bet the business strategy,” which is characterized by a high risk of product failure in every new product development cycle. So far, Boeing has successfully navigated each cycle, allowing the company to maintain its market leadership and generate good financial returns.

A STUDY ON RISK ADJUSTED PERFORMANCE OF OPEN-ENDED EQUITY MID CAP AND MULTI – CAP MUTUAL FUND SCHEMES IN INDIA BY SHARPE RATIO : PRE COVID SCENARIO

Mutual funds are risky financial instruments, they are governed by the normal risks involved in investments. It is difficult to predict the performance of a mutual fund just on the basis of the return of the fund. The performance can only be evaluated in a correct manner if the risk is considered in evaluating the return. Hence a mutual fund's performance is accurate only if it is risk-adjusted performance. In this study, 21 Open Ended Multi Cap Funds and 17 Open Ended Mid Cap funds are compared using the Sharpe Model by William F. Sharpe, who developed it in 1966. The data of 10 calendar years of pre covid is taken for the period between 1st January 2009 – 31st December, 2019. The S&P BSE SENSEX is taken as the benchmark index under this study. It was found that most of the funds had outperformed the market and given good returns.

Trochleoplasty Provides Good Outcomes for Recurrent Patellofemoral Dislocations with No Clear Superiority across Different Techniques.

Background: Literature is sparse on outcome comparisons between different trochleoplasty techniques in the treatment of patella instability. To date, it is unclear whether there is a technique that offers superior outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare and evaluate the outcomes of trochleoplasty techniques in the treatment of patellofemoral instability in trochlea dysplasia to establish whether there is an ideal choice of trochleoplasty technique for superior outcomes. Methods: 21 studies involving 880 knees were included. The mean age of the patients was 21.7 years (range 8-49 years). Mean follow-up timeframe of 43.5 months (range 8.8-100 months). Clinical outcomes assessed included rates of recurrence of patellofemoral dislocation, patient satisfaction, Kujala score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Tegner score, and Lysholm score. Egger's test showed no publication bias across all outcomes assessed. Results: Favourable results were seen across all outcomes assessed and patient satisfaction. Improvements were seen with Kujala, IKDC, and Lysholm scores. Tegner scores showed good return to function. Post-operative dislocation and complication rates were low across the different techniques. Meta-regression for Kujala and IKDC scores showed good outcomes regardless of trochleoplasty technique used (Kujala, p = 0.549, relative risk 492.06; IKDC, p = 0.193, RR 0.001). The exact risk that trochleoplasty poses to the cartilage remains uncertain, as no study had a conservatively managed arm for comparison. Conclusions: Trochleoplasty yielded good outcomes irrespective of technique used with no clear superiority demonstrated in any technique in terms of outcome scores, satisfaction, post-operative dislocation rates or complications.

Impacts of alternative growing medium in combination with Jeevamrit on strawberry growth, and fruit quality parameters under open field condition

The perennial herbaceous strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is a member of the Rosaceae family. The farmed strawberry has established itself as a major player in the global fruit industry because to its good economic return and delightful flavor. For this concern an investigation was carried out with six treatments and three replications according to Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment consisted of seven different rates of growing media, T1: Vermicompost (70%) + Rice husk (30%) + Jeevamrit, T2: Cocopeat (50%) + Vermicompost (50%) + Jeevamrit, T3: Cocopeat (33.3%) +Vermicompost (33.3%) + Rice husk (33.3%) + Jeevamrit, T4: Cocopeat (70%) + Rice husk (30%) + Jeevamrit, T5: Cocopeat (50%) +Vermicompost (30%) + Rice husk (20%) + Jeevamrit, T6: Soil (Control). According to the findings, applying of various growing media resulted significant impact on growth and yield of strawberry. Vegetative characteristics, namely number of leaves, root length, length of the runners, number of runners, number of flowers, yield per plant, berry length, berry volume, as well as the chemicals parameters total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, were observed under T5 treatment when compared to soil (Control) treatment. As a result, T5 treatment showed great and significant influence on strawberry output and development and hence it is recommended.