Retrospective Memory Questionnaire Research Articles

Clinical study of chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Chemotherapy for malignant tumors can cause brain changes and cognitive impairment, leading to chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI). Current research on CICI has focused on breast cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Whether patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) undergoing chemotherapy have cognitive impairment has not been fully investigated. To investigate whether NHL patients undergoing chemotherapy had cognitive impairments. The study included 100 NHL patients who were required to complete a comprehensive psychological scale including the Brief Psychiatric Examination Scale (MMSE) at two time points: before chemotherapy and within 2 wk of two chemotherapy courses. A language proficiency test (VFT), Symbol Number Pattern Test (SDMT), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Abbreviated Daily Cognition Scale (ECog-12), Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, and Karnofsky Performance Status were used to assess cognitive changes before and after chemotherapy. The VFT scores for before treatment (BT) and after treatment (AT) groups were 45.20 ± 15.62, and 42.30 ± 17.53, respectively (t -2.16, P < 0.05). The CDT scores were 8 (3.5-9.25) for BT and 7 (2.5-9) for AT groups (Z -2.1, P < 0.05). Retrospective memory scores were 13.5 (9-17) for BT and 15 (13-18) for AT (Z -3.7, P < 0.01). The prospective memory scores were 12.63 ± 3.61 for BT and 14.43 ± 4.32 for AT groups (t -4.97, P < 0.01). The ECog-12 scores were 1.71 (1.25-2.08) for BT and 1.79 (1.42-2.08) for AT groups (Z -2.84, P < 0.01). The SDMT and MMSE values did not show a significant difference between BT and AT groups. Compared to the AT group, the BT group showed impaired language, memory, and subjective cognition, but objective cognition and execution were not significantly affected.

Sleep, Sleepiness, and Memory

Abstract Objective To evaluate the relationship between sleep and sleepiness with memory complaints. Materials and Methods Patients who were submitted to polysomnography between May and September of 2022 and answered the prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire and the Epworth sleepiness scale were included, respectively. Data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and converted to a file compatible with the SPSS software. Results The sample consisted of 98 subjects, 62.2% male, mean age of 45.9 years, 73.4% overweight, 54.1% with comorbidities, and 51% with excessive sleepiness. There was a significant difference in sleep efficiency, respiratory disturbance index (RDI), slow wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep for the group with comorbidities; in latency to sleep and SWS between genders; and in RDI for the body mass index group. No correlation between RDI and memory could be identified, but there were statistically significant correlations between REM and sleep efficiency; RDI and REM sleep; RDI and SWS; SWS and sleep efficiency; and sleep efficiency and latency to sleep onset. Older adults performed better on memory tests when total sleep time (TST) is longer than 5 hours and excessive daytime sleepiness is related to complaints of prospective, retrospective, and total memory. Conclusion Elderly people with TST longer than 5 hours have a better memory. Although a correlation between RDI and memory was not observed, a correlation between excessive daytime sleepiness—one of the main symptoms of patients with sleep disorders—and memory was.

Immersive virtual reality for prospective memory and eye fixation recovery following traumatic brain injury: A pilot study

Rehabilitation is crucial for the recoveriy from traumatic brain injuries (TBI); yet, only 77 &amp;ndash; 88% of TBI patients are receipients of rehabilitation. Particularly, individuals lacking insurance coverage or facing transportation hurdles, notably within the Hispanic community, are less likely to undergo rehabilitation. Virtual reality (VR), known for its mobility and affordability, is recommended as a rehabilitation alternative. This community-based participatory research project aimed to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and potential of VR scenarios in addressing common rehabilitative needs. Focus groups involving TBI patients (N = 12) were conducted to identify rehabilitative needs and design VR scenarios. Two novel scenarios were created to enhance prospective memory and eye tracking. The impact of the prospective memory VR scenario was assessed among individuals with brain injuries 1 year post-TBI (N = 11), who were divided into intervention and delayed-intervention groups. In addition, six participants underwent the eye-tracking VR scenario to evaluate its effectiveness. Data from memory tests and screen recordings were gathered. In the objective memory test, participants in the VR intervention group (66%) exhibited greater improvement than those in the memory card delayed intervention group (0%) after 12 sessions. However, there was no statistically significant difference in mean scores on a Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire memory scale between the intervention and delayed-intervention groups after 6 weeks. Nonetheless, all participants demonstrated enhanced eye tracking skills after completing the eye tracking VR scenario between the 6th and 12th sessions. In conclusion, the VR scenarios exhibited promise, acceptability, and feasibility in improving prospective memory and eye tracking for individuals with TBI 1 year post-injury.

Prospective memory is associated with aspects of disability and quality of life in people with epilepsy

ABSTRACT Introduction Episodic memory disruptions in epilepsy stem from shared neurocircuitry. While prior research has focused on retrospective memory (RM), prospective memory (PM; i.e. remembering to remember) also deserves consideration given its critical role in the management of daily activities. The current investigation assessed whether PM is associated with disability and quality of life in people with epilepsy. Methods This cross-sectional, correlational study included a consecutive series of 50 people with epilepsy presenting for neuropsychological evaluation who completed the Royal Prince Alfred Prospective Memory Test (RPA) and Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and 63 demographically comparable healthy adults. The participants with epilepsy also completed clinical measures of neuropsychological ability and questionnaires assessing disability and quality of life. Results People with epilepsy had significantly more frequent memory symptoms as compared to healthy adults at a very large effect size. Worse mood was associated with lower PM ability at a medium effect size and more frequent PM symptoms at a large effect size. A hierarchical linear regression indicated that PM explained 52% of the variance in disability and 43% of the variance in quality of life after accounting for RM ability. Conclusions PM is associated with poorer everyday functioning among people with epilepsy and shows evidence of incremental value beyond RM ability in that regard. Future studies are needed to understand the complex pathways from PM to functional limitations to inform clinical intervention.

Relationship Between Sleep Problems and Memory Impairment Among Nurses.

Sleep problems are common among nurses and can lead to various health problems. Further, the relationship between multiple sleep problems and memory impairment in clinical nurses remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between sleep problems and memory impairment among nurses. Multistage cluster-stratified random sampling was performed from tertiary hospitals in Shandong, China. Overall, a total of 1833 nurses were included in the final analysis. The Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire were administered to the participants. The sleep quality of the nurses decreased during the normal epidemic prevention and control period compared with that before the epidemic in terms of sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep disturbances. Nurses who reported cumulative or specific sleep problems (e.g., high sleep latency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction) and those in the "daily disturbances" and "poor sleep quality" groups had a higher risk of memory impairment than the others. Sleep problems might be important for memory impairment among nurses. These findings may help identify nurses at considerable risk of memory impairment in clinical practice.

Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the everyday memory questionnaire - revised (EMQ-R) among the Lebanese population

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Everyday Memory Questionnaire- Revised (EMQ-R-A) in a sample of Lebanese adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2023. A diverse sample of 483 Lebanese adults aged 18 to 60 years from all Lebanese governorates was recruited. Participants completed an Arabic-language questionnaire comprising three sections: socio-demographic characteristics, health-related inquiries, the EMQ-R-A and the Arabic version of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ). Results: The study’s findings indicated that the EMQ-R-A displayed strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.925). Convergent validity was supported by a significant correlation with PRMQ. Test-retest results demonstrated strong reliability with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.925. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a three-factor model including retrieval related factors, attentional tracking related factors, and other factors. The factors labeled “Retrieval” and “Attentional Tracking” elucidate aspects of memory retrieval system efficacy and attention-related challenges. Higher EMQ-R-A scores were found to be associated with the female gender, lower attention, physical inactivity, lower educational levels, and higher number of comorbid disorders. Conclusion: The EMQ-R-A exhibits good validity and reliability. The identified factors associated with memory decline underscore the importance of addressing lifestyle factors, such as promoting physical activity, better educational attainment, and addressing comorbid health conditions, to potentially mitigate memory challenges.

Leptin moderates the relationship between sleep quality and memory function: A population-based study

Sleep is crucial for memory, as it promotes its encoding, consolidation, storage, and retrieval. Sleep periods following learning enhance memory consolidation. Leptin, a hormone that regulates appetite and energy balance, also influences memory and neuroplasticity. It plays a neurotrophic role in the hippocampus, enhancing synaptic function and promoting memory processes. Given these associations between sleep, memory, and leptin, this study aimed to evaluate the interplay between sleep quality, memory complaints and leptin levels. Using data from the São Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study (EPISONO) 2007 edition, we analyzed data from 881 participants who underwent evaluations for subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), memory function (Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire), body mass index and plasmatic leptin levels. After confirming that subjects with poor sleep quality had more memory complaints in our cohort, we observed that leptin levels were increased in individuals with more memory complaints, but there was no association between leptin levels and sleep quality. Mediation analysis reinforced the direct effect of sleep quality on memory function, but leptin had no indirect effect as mediator over the sleep-memory association. Moderation analysis revealed that leptin acted as a moderator in the relationship between sleep quality and memory, with increased leptin levels enhancing the effect of sleep quality over memory function. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between sleep, memory, and metabolic factors like leptin, shedding light on potential mechanisms through which sleep influences memory and cognitive functions. Further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms underlying these relationships and their implications for overall health and well-being.

Effects of Coriandrum sativum seeds on memory, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in students: a randomized controlled study

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the potential benefits of Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) on anxiety, depression, sleep quality and memory among students.Design/methodology/approachThis randomized controlled trial involved university students aged 18–25 years, who had no known allergies to C. sativum or were using psychotropic medication. After giving informed consent, participants were randomly assigned using a computer-generated random sequence to either 500 mg C. sativum seeds or a placebo. Primary outcomes measured changes in memory (prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire [PRMQ]), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), while secondary outcomes assessed sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality inventory [PSQI]).FindingsA sample of 86 students with a mean age of 20.05 ± 1.6 years was selected for the study. Initial assessments ensured no significant differences in demographic or study variables between the control and intervention groups. Statistical analysis revealed significant improvements in memory (PRMQ: p = 0.006), anxiety (Hospital Anxiety Scale: p = 0.04) and depression (Hospital Depression Scale: p = 0.002), as well as in sleep quality (PSQI: p = 0.03) in the group receiving C. sativum compared to the control group.Originality/valueThis research offers initial insights into the potential benefits of C. sativum intake, specifically its role in enhancing memory performance and mitigating anxiety among student populations. The results present a compelling case for further research in this domain to solidify these preliminary conclusions.

Communication-related aspects of prospective memory: an exploratory factor analysis of prospective memory questionnaires.

Prospective memory (PM) questionnaires are frequently used to evaluate perceptions of PM skills in daily life. This study aimed to systematically investigate communication-specific attributes using pre-existing PM self-rating questionnaires to inform clinicians and researchers about the role of PM in cognitive communicative evaluations. PM-related items from three questionnaires (i.e., Prospective Memory Questionnaire, Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory, and Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire) were compiled and embedded in Google Forms and distributed to 70 Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) with expertise in Cognitive Communicative Disorders across India. Participants first identified items related to communication, and were then contacted to rate the communication-related PM items using a Likert scale for their degree of appropriateness. Responses from 40 SLPs were obtained and subjected to item-content validity index (i-CVI) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Of the 114 PM items, 28 received ratings over 50% for their relevance to communication. Of the 28 items, 21 had an i-CVI score greater than 0.8. After the removal of overlapping content, 14 items were finalized and subjected to EFA, which resulted in four factors: PM failure due to loss of communicative content, PM failure due to loss of communicative intent, PM cost due to ongoing interference, and PM failure linked to the priority of communicative intent. This study highlights communication-related aspects of PM that can be used as a framework for SLPs to assess and research PM skills.

Excessive daytime sleepiness in nursing technicians: association with sleep quality and memory.

to investigate excessive daytime sleepiness prevalence among nursing technicians and the association with sleep quality and memory. a cross-sectional, inferential study, carried out in a hospital unit in the state of Goiás between December 2020 and January 2021. Assessments were carried out using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, instruments validated for the Brazilian context. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed. the sample consisted of 189 nursing technicians with a 40.9% excessive daytime sleepiness prevalence. In multivariate models, excessive daytime sleepiness was not associated with sleep quality, however there was a significant association with overall memory failures. study results demonstrate a high excessive daytime sleepiness occurrence, an association with overall memory failures and the need for psychosocial interventions for nursing technicians.

Sex, executive function, and prospective memory regulate the chain-mediation pathway of alcohol use and impulsivity.

Evidence from previous studies indicates that impulsive behaviors are closely linked to alcohol use and misuse and that female drinkers are more impulsive than male drinkers. However, studies investigating the psychological mechanisms of alcohol use and impulsivity based on sex differences are relatively limited. This cross-sectional study comprised 713 residents from 16 cities in Anhui Province, China. Each subject was evaluated for self-reporting measures using several questionnaires, including the general information questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRM), the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11). Executive function and prospective memory may serve as intermediary links between alcohol use and impulsivity. Although the female alcohol usage level was significantly lower than that of males, the female drinkers had more severe executive dysfunction, prospective memory impairment, and impulsivity than male drinkers. Sex moderated the relationship between alcohol use and impulsivity. Furthermore, the indirect effect of executive function, and prospective memory between AUDIT and BIS was more significant in males than in females. Alcohol consumption may be associated with impulsivity formation through executive dysfunction and PM impairment, implying that impulsivity in those with AUD or at risk for AUD might be treated by improving EF and PM. Alcohol use may cause more severe executive dysfunction, PM impairment, and impulsive behavior in females than in males, and impulsive behavior in women with AUD was more likely to be due to the direct effects of alcohol consumption, while impulsive behavior in men with AUD was more likely to be due to the indirect effects of executive dysfunction and PM impairment. These findings provide both clinical and theoretical foundations for addressing issues related to alcohol use.

The Hidden Impact of Covid-19 on Memory: Disclosing Subjective Complaints.

A significant body of research has suggested that the contraction of SARS-CoV-2 may cause memory impairment, even in the months following recovery. In this regard, studies suggest that COVID-19 predominantly targets structures and cortices within the temporal lobe, and the hippocampus, a critical brain structure for memory and spatial navigation.The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on subjective memory complaints, which represent an individual's perception of subtle changes in memory in the absence of an objective memory impairment. to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic may affect subjective memory complaints, we incorporated ad hoc self-reported measures of subjective memory complaints, the "Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire" (SMCQ) and the "Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire" (PRMQ), in our cross-sectional study. Both measures referred to two periods: the pre-pandemic period (T0) and the moment of survey administration (T1) (December 28th, 2021, to February 6th, 2022). 207 Italian participants accessed the survey, out of which 189 participants were included in the final sample. The majority of the participants were females, and their age ranged from 55 to 65 years. The study revealed a significant increase in the total PRMQ score at T1 compared to T0 (p = 0.02). However, no significant differences were found between PRMQ and SMCQ scores of COVID-19-negative individuals and those who tested positive for COVID-19 in the last 12 months from the date of completing the survey. McNemar's test showed a statistically significant increase in the score of item 1 ("Do you think that you have a memory problem?" (p = 0.016) and item 10 ("Do you lose objects more often than you did previously") (0.019) of the SMCQ, while for the PRMQ, significant increases were found in several individual items. our study suggests that subjective memory complaints increased during the pandemic, potentially due to the compound effects of stress and social isolation, rather than solely due to COVID-19 infection. Although a marginal association between COVID-19 and reported prospective memory issues was detected, further investigation is warranted to understand its persistent effects.

Efficacy of a mobile based multidomain intervention to improve cognitive functions and health related outcomes among Korean older adults with a high risk of dementia

AbstractBackgroundSubjective cognitive decline is a self‐reported experience of declining cognitive function showing normal performance in cognitive assessments, which is a known risk factor for dementia. Recent studies highlight the importance of nonpharmacological multidomain interventions that can target multiple risk factors of dementia in older adults. We investigated the efficacy of the Silvia program, a mobile‐based multidomain intervention, to improve cognitive function and health‐related outcomes of older adults with a high risk of dementia. Additionally, we compared its effects to a conventional paper‐based multidomain program on various health indicators related to risk factors of dementia.MethodThis prospective randomized controlled trial involved 77 older adults with a high risk of dementia recruited from the Dementia Prevention and Management Center in Gwangju, South Korea during May to October 2022. Participants were randomly assigned to either the mobile‐ or paper‐based group. Interventions were administered for 12 weeks, where pre‐ and post‐assessments were conducted.ResultThe Korean version of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological status (K‐RBANS) total score did not show significant differences between groups. The mobile group showed better improvement in K‐PRMQ scores and PSS scores than the paper group. Differences within groups showed that mobile‐based interventions significantly improved the Korean version of the prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire (K‐PRMQ), State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory‐X‐1 (STAI‐X‐1), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and e EuroQoL 5‐Dimension 5‐Level (EQ‐5D‐5L) scores, while paper‐based interventions significantly improved PSS, and EQ‐5D‐5L scores.ConclusionThe Silvia program was more effective than paper‐based intervention in improving self‐reported memory failures, stress, anxiety, and health‐related quality of life. However, longer periods of administration for more than 12 weeks may be needed to achieve significant improvements in cognitive function by objective measures

Comparison between Elderly Attenders and Non-Attenders of Pusat Aktiviti Warga Emas in Sarawak

Malaysia is not left behind as it is going towards becoming an aging nation. Currently, there are 10.7% of the population who are above 60 years old which is equivalent to 3.5 million of elderly people and this is expected to rise in the near future. The objective of this research is to compare the quality of life, activities of daily living, cognitive function and depression between elderly attenders and non-attenders of Pusat Aktiviti Warga Emas (PAWE). In this cross-sectional study, a total of 735 elderly participated where 101 elderly who attended PAWE and the remaining 634 elderly did not attend PAWE. Older People’s Quality of Life (OPQOL), Prospective Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Katz Activities of Daily Living and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living were used as study instruments. The statistical analysis involved were Pearson’s correlation, independent t-test, Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and multiple group analysis. Household income and activities of daily living have shown positive correlation with quality of life. Cognitive function and depression correlated negatively with quality of life. Based on PLS-SEM, there was better quality of life, activities of daily living, cognitive function, and lesser depressive symptoms among elderly PAWE attenders. The findings obtained from this study will be able to support the planning and future programs of expanding senior activity centres such as PAWE as it promotes healthy ageing among elderly people.

5 Longer Prospective Memory Delays Independently Predict Severity of Functional Decline in TBI

Objective:Prospective memory (PM) tasks are common in everyday life and have been implicated in optimal daily functioning. However, less is known about the parameters of PM tasks that most influence functional decline, as well as the domains of everyday functioning most sensitive to PM impairment. The present study sought to examine these questions in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Participants and Methods:Participants included 30 adults with chronic moderate-to-severe TBI who were at least one year removed from their injury (median [IQR] = 8.1 years [10.8]). Participants completed the Memory for Intentions Test (MIST), which is a 30-minute task that assesses time- and event-based PM with varying cue-intention delay length (2 versus 15 min) in the context of an ongoing task. Total scores were generated for each delay length and cue type. Additionally, participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, including assessments of processing speed, executive functions, attention, working memory, verbal fluency, and episodic learning and memory. Participants also completed questionnaires of self-reported cognitive and everyday functioning, including the Functional Behavior Profile (FBP), Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and a modified Lawton &amp; Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale, which separately assessed 11 domains of everyday functioning.Results:Pearson’s r correlations revealed that total number of domains showing decline on the modified Lawton &amp; Brody IADL scale was strongly correlated with MIST 15-min delay (MIST-15; r=-0.503, p=0.005), such that worse PM performance on long delay items was associated with more domains of IADL decline; this relationship was also reflected in the MIST Total Score (r=-0.389; p=0.033). No other MIST index was associated with IADL decline (ps&gt;0.10). MIST-15 did not significantly correlate with any other measure of self-reported functioning (PRMQ, FBP; all ps&gt;0.10), but was associated with specific declines in buying groceries (p=0.009), performing home repairs (p=0.021), shopping (p=0.033), and doing laundry (p=0.035). Relationships at a trend level included declines in housekeeping (p=0.05), managing finances (p=0.097), cooking (p=0.092), and taking medication (p=0.066). To determine specificity of the relationship between MIST-15 and everyday functioning, a linear regression was conducted using covariates that were significantly correlated with total number of domains of IADL decline (i.e., Selective Reminding Test total learning trials, CVLT-II Long Delay Free Recall, Symbol Digit Modalities Test total). This regression was statistically significant [F(4,24)=4.263; p=0.10; R2=0.415), and MIST-15 remained an independent predictor (p=0.047; R2 change=0.107).Conclusions:Results suggest that the ability to remember to carry out intended actions after longer delay periods may be uniquely related to severity of declines in everyday functioning. Longer PM delays place higher demands on both memory and executive processes, as the encoded intention must survive a longer decay wherein monitoring for the appropriate cue is extended, and likely better mimic PM tasks in daily life (e.g., remembering to pick up milk after the workday). In light of these findings, clinicians may seek to include brief trials of long delay PM tasks as part of a comprehensive battery to screen for functional decline.

Self-reported memory of autistic young adults and associated real-world outcomes

PurposeAlthough autistic adults have demonstrated weaker memory performance on lab-based measures in comparison to neurotypical peers, research on self-reported memory abilities in this group is scarce. Shedding light on memory abilities of autistic adults is important, as memory difficulties may impact daily living outcomes, an area of difficulty for autistic individuals. Thus, the current study aimed to characterize the self-reported memory complaints of a large sample of autistic adults in comparison to neurotypical adults. MethodsThis study included data from 396 autistic young adults and 396 neurotypical young adults between the ages of 18 and 39 years and with similar background characteristics. Autistic adults were recruited from the Simons Powering Autism Research (SPARK) participant registry, and data from neurotypical adults were obtained from a large-scale internet study. The responses to the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire were compared by diagnostic group, and within the autistic group, relations between memory complaints and real-world outcomes (activities of daily living [ADLs] and postsecondary employment and educational activities) were examined. ResultsThe results indicated that young autistic adults reported greater memory problems than their neurotypical peers, regardless of memory type, and autistic adults reported a comparable pattern of complaints to their neurotypical peers (i.e., greater prospective memory complaints in comparison to retrospective memory complaints). Additionally, we found a negative association between memory complaints and outcomes (i.e., greater memory complaints were associated with less independence in ADLs and less favorable postsecondary outcomes). ConclusionThe significant association between subjective memory complaints and real-world outcomes suggests that memory abilities are an important contributor to daily living skills and post-secondary outcomes among autistic adults and could represent a target for future intervention development.

Self-reported Prospective and Retrospective Memory Among Middle Aged and Older Autistic and Non-autistic People.

Self-reported memory difficulties are common among older adults, but few studies have examined memory problems among autistic middle-aged and older people. The current study examines self-rated prospective (PM) and retrospective (RM) memory difficulties and their associations with age in middle-aged and older autistic and non-autistic people. 350 autistic people (58% assigned-female-at-birth; age-range: 40-83 years) and 350 non-autistic adults matched on age, birth-sex and education level were included in the analysis. Participants completed the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) which includes questions about PM vs. RM (memory type), environment-cued vs. self-cued (cue), and short vs. long delay (delay). Autistic people reported significantly more PM and RM difficulties than the comparison group. Both groups reported more difficulties with PM (vs. RM), self-cued (vs. environment-cued), and short (vs. long) delay. No significant interactions were observed. Among autistic people, younger age was associated with reporting more PM and RM difficulties, but this pattern was not observed among non-autistic people. Autistic people may be at reduced risk for memory problems as they age, compared to their same-age non-autistic peers. Further studies are required to explore the association between self-reported memory challenges and memory task performance among autistic older people.

Subtle cognitive impairment is associated with subtle instrumental activities of daily living defecits, but not severity of memory complaints in sucjective cognitive decline

AbstractBackgroundSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) can be considered as the preclinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease. The objective of this study was to examine whether there would be differences of the clinical correlates due to evidence of subtle cognitive imparment (SCI) in inividuals with SCD.MethodOne‐hundred‐and‐fifty‐five individuals with SCD (mean age: 68.18 ± 8.09 years) were included in this study. The participants underwent clinical assessments and completed detailed neuropsychological tests. The functional assessment was performed by the Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale. Memory complaints were assessed using the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) consisting of 16 items that describe everyday memory failure.ResultSCD individuals with SCI (n = 20) had lower Mini‐Mental State Examination scores and showed lower performances in the neuropsychological tests than the SCD only group (n = 135). In addition, the SCI group had worse IADL performance than the SCD only group. There were no differenes in depressive symptoms and PRMQ scores between two groups.ConclusionIn SCD individuals, SCI was associated with subtle IADL deficits, but not with the severity of self‐reported memory complaints, compared to the SCD only group. These results suggest that functional assesments would be helpful for the clinical evaluation of individuals with SCD.

Klinikai neuropszichológiai tesztek magyarországi normatív adatai II.

One basis of clinical neuropsychology is the application of objective, standardized measurements. Several internationally widespread measurements of memory and learning do not have normative data of the Hungarian population, hence it is crucial to provide a basis for future reference. The purpose of this study was to provide normative data about neuropsychological instruments measuring executive functions, memory and verbal learning skills in relation to demographic factors. Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) were administered to an adult, Hungarian representative sample (age, sex, education). Higher educated participants performed better on PRMQ, MoCA and RAVLT. Participants with primary education were identified as a risk group for poor verbal learning skills, executive functions and they committed more memory errors. Age had no significant effect on the results of PRMQ, while on MoCA and RAVLT a significant decline in performance was observed with the passage of lifetime. Females performed better in immediate and delayed recall on RAVLT. Application of the presented neuropsychological tests is recommended in clinical practice and scientific research as well. The presented normative data could be a valuable reference point for future studies and practical application, furthermore a basis for early identification of neurocognitive deficits. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(16) 618-629.

Prospective memory in early and established psychosis: An Indian perspective.

Individuals affected by psychosis often have deficits in several neurocognitive functions. Prospective memory (PM), the ability to remember to do things, is crucial for activities of daily living, social and occupational functioning, but very few studies have attempted to examine this domain of functioning in people with psychosis, particularly in India. A total of 71 patients with psychosis, (both early and established psychosis), and 140 age, gender and education-matched healthy controls were assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination. PM was assessed using the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ). Group differences were evaluated using Mann-Whitney U-tests. Significantly greater cognitive deficits, higher anxiety and depression were evident in the psychosis group compared with controls. The psychosis group performed significantly poorer on both time- and event-based tests in CAMPROMPT than controls. These differences remained when controlling for age, education, general cognitive functioning and mood. The subjective measure of PM (PRMQ) did not differentiate the two groups. The PM performance of early and established psychosis patients was similar. Comparisons with cross-cultural data (PRMQ UK norms and CAMPROMPT and PRMQ Chinese data) revealed important differences in PM performance. Individuals with psychosis have significant deficits in both time- and event-based PM. CAMPROMPT emerged as a more sensitive PM measure compared with PRMQ. Results from cross-cultural comparisons underscore the need for cultural contextualization of assessments.