Retrospective Look Research Articles

The Pseudoinflammatory Pattern Revisited

ABSTRACTIn 1973, Dr. Martin C. Mihm, Jr. presented the finding that congenital melanocytic nevi, when viewed at low magnification, resemble superficial and deep perivascular dermatitis, forming the so‐called “pseudoinflammatory” pattern. One year earlier, Dr. Richard A. Sagebiel had put forward the concept of “pseudovascular spaces” in melanocytic nevi. A retrospective look at these early studies confirms that alert observation at the microscope can lead to a deeper understanding of the fundamental biology underlying melanocytic tumors.

Environmental ratification moves

For over 60 years, International Environmental Law has produced hundreds of texts aimed at protecting the environment at global to regional scales. Most of these texts do not gather the support of all the states concerned. The reasons for this are analysed here. This retrospective look provides a striking panorama of the current situation. The international and domestic motivations that lead a state to the sovereign decision to ratify or not a treaty, are first recalled and put into perspective in their interdependencies. The analysis of thousands of ratifications of 51 major treaties draws lines of divergence between leading states, follower states, and states reluctant to enter into environmental commitments. On a global scale the latter form a large majority, including most African and Asian states. The states of Northern and Western Europe are among the first to ratify these treaties, followed by other European states. G7 member states occupy vey contrasting normative positions. Overall, three major moves emerge from this global panorama. First, historical and persistent inequalities in the development of countries have cast an indelible shadow on environmental international multilateral treaties which do not bring the expected fruits of development. Second, in environmental matters, over the past 15 years the trend consists in establishing agreements of more restricted range (regional, bilateral), with commitments from states on fairly flexible objectives, adaptable to their social and economic context. Third, these agreements are set within the broadly negotiated and thematically inclusive principles of sustainable development.

A retrospective look at HBA1C levels in type 1 diabetes patients in GUH pre- and post-initiation of hybrid closed loop pump therapy

A retrospective look at HBA1C levels in type 1 diabetes patients in GUH pre- and post-initiation of hybrid closed loop pump therapy

Short Time, Big Impact

Academic impact is often measured in the amount of publications, number of students mentored, and what seminal research is contributed to a field. However, beyond this physical component of a person’s legacy is the influence they have on the field’s current and future practitioners and their perceptions of the field. Stephen Ousley’s contributions to both academic impact and lasting influence on its members are innumerable. This article seeks to provide a retrospective look into his teaching and mentorship style, highlight some of his contributions to the field, and then provide a prospective of new research Steve envisioned based on his last project, which was presented at the 2023 AABA conference.

What I was thinking/what I would do differently: Clinical research.

At the 2023 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies annual meeting, a panel of three distinguished investigators and clinicians convened to reflect on their careers, their contributions to the field of traumatic stress disorders, and the lessons learned over the years. Dr. Terence M. Keane has guided the development and deployment of evidence-based care, shaping evaluation guidelines and best treatment practices for traumatic stress pathology. Dr. Sheila Rauch, a pioneer in the development of prolonged exposure therapy, has significantly contributed to the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other traumatic stress disorders. Dr. Richard Bryant has developed targeted psychological treatments for traumatic stress and prolonged grief, adapting to the diverse needs, mechanisms, and cultural contexts of patients. These individuals' collective experiences span from the establishment of the PTSD diagnosis to the current proliferation of scientific knowledge on its epidemiology, assessment, and treatment. Their unique yet overlapping contributions have provided invaluable guidelines for the next generation of clinicians and investigators. This panel discussion offers a retrospective look at their careers and a forward-looking perspective on the future of traumatic stress treatment.

The Effects of Different Treatment Methods on Blood Hematological Parameters İn COVID 19: A Retrospective Look at Patients in Pandemic İntensive Care Unit During The First Wave of the Pandemic

Introduction: In this study, we compared the pre- and post-treatment values of basic hematological parameters in severe COVID 19 patients, whose were received favipiravir, tocilizumab, methylprednisolone and convalescent plasma therapy. Methods: Hematological parameters such as eosinophyl, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet count and, neutrophil / lymphocyte, platelet/ lymphocyte ratio were investigated pre and post treatment of favipiravir, tocilizumab convalescent plasma and methylprednisolone in severe COVID 19 patients in ICU. Results: Lymphocyt values were increased after convelescent plasma theraphy and i.v. methyl prednisolon group. Eosinophil count improvement was only in the favipiravir group . We found that favipiravir, convalescent plasma andmethyl prednisolon treatment, were statistically significant increased both NLR and PLR. Conclusion : Hematologic parameters and their contribution of the respond of the treatment and clinical improvement should be taken into account.

Old wisdom and the New Economic Geography: Managing uncertainty in 21st century regional and urban development

The New Economic Geography (NEG) has over the past decades become a leading paradigm in regional science and geography. This paper seeks to provide a retrospective and prospective look into its achievements and current challenges. Clearly, regions are not oases of tranquility. Uncertainty and shocks in regional and urban development are omnipresent and call for adaptive and resilient strategies on spatial dynamics. The spatial arena is governed by many factors; this is mapped out in the present paper by means of a ‘Pentagon’ model of critical territorial capital inputs which form interdependent anchor points for policy and action based on the principle of confluence. The space-economy is multi-faceted and three prominent challenges in particular, are highlighted in this study: (i) the influence of digital technology on the standard NEG framework; (ii) the livability and proximity conditions in urban agglomerations, critically assessed through the lenses of the currently popular 15-minute city framework; (iii) the implications of social wellbeing and happiness motives for regional and urban planning in an NEG context. The conclusion of the study is that the NEG legacy and principles continue to be prominent signposts for regional and urban analysis and policy, conditional upon a flexible adaptivity of this legacy to new framework conditions in the ever-changing space-economy.

Effective or symbolic? A retrospective look at the performance of the China International Commercial Court

ABSTRACT In recent years, numerous international commercial courts have been established to align dispute resolution mechanisms with the needs of international commerce. In June 2018, China entered this arena with the creation of the China International Commercial Court (CICC), a court specifically designed to facilitate international commercial dispute resolution and, in particular, solve disputes emerging from the One Belt One Road Initiative (BRI). However, the CICC has been less innovative than other international commercial courts. It has limited jurisdiction and relatively few international and arbitration-like features. Against this background, at the time of its creation, significant questions arose regarding the role the CICC would play within the dispute resolution market. This article considers the performance of the CICC over its first five years and empirically evaluates its performance compared to other commercial courts. An examination of the number of cases and their characteristics reveals that the international appeal of the CICC as a dispute resolution venue has been limited. Nevertheless, this article argues that the CICC can play a role in bolstering the ability of the Chinese legal system to address foreign-related disputes – namely, by producing guiding case law for situations that may come before the lower courts and by providing an institutional model that can be replicated at lower levels of the Chinese court structure.

Inclusion of Women Architects into the Cultural Field of Spanish Competitions: Struggling for Professional Recognition from the Periphery (1978-2008)

A retrospective look at the architecture competitions held and reported in Spain between the years of transition to democracy and the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008 allows us to verify, from a sociological and historiographical approach, the progressive inclusion of women into the complex and traditionally patriarchal cultural field of the architecture competition. The end of Franco’s dictatorship, and the growing vitality of the Autonomous Regions prompted the call of numerous open consultations throughout the country. These calls continued throughout the last third of the 20th century, until eventually experiencing a decline in the new millennium. These open and anonymous competitions provided a framework in which many women architects were able to ascend through merit, even attaining important positions within the process: firstly, as recognised participants and later as jury members. Highlighting the value of these women’s contribution to architecture has always been subject to disinterest, hesitancy or even outspoken reticence, typical of an eminently patriarchal structure, to which were added those inherent to any competitive structure where the struggle for the domination of symbolic power is inescapable. On the basis of architectural journal articles and illustrative case studies, this paper reviews the published media conditions of this difficult ascent in which the subordinate territories peripheral to the centres of production of architectural culture—Madrid and Barcelona—proved to be a space of opportunity and competition in which to build professional legitimacy. A great deal of Spanish women architects who were regular contestants achieved their recognition through silent logic, far removed from flashy celebrity, an issue that has left a deep imprint on their ways of approaching the practice of their profession, in general, and of participating in the cultural field of the competition, in particular. From this common thinking, this article aims to pay them a well-deserved tribute.

Вклад архитекторов и инженеров-строителей Петербургского университета путей сообщения в формирование транспортной и городской инфраструктуры БАМа

Purpose: to trace the contribution of scientists and staff of the departments of “Buildings”, “Architecture and industrial Aesthetics” to the development of transport and urban infrastructure of the Baikal-Amur mainline. Materials and methods: archival documents have been reviewed. A system analysis was performed and the chronological sequence of infrastructure projects was determined. Results: on the basis of archival data, settlements and railway stations were attributed, where the developments of the department’s staff were used for the first time, and infrastructure facilities were built by the university’s construction crews. For the first time, photographic materials of individual projects and production processes have been published. A retrospective look at the formation and development of BAM is presented. The time check of the operational characteristics of the erected buildings, laid down as a result of scientific and design developments of the departments of “Buildings”, “Architecture and industrial aesthetics” is analyzed. The practical significance of the article is in preserving memory and communication between generations. The materials of personal origin collected by the author’s team make it possible to expand the boundaries of research related to the study of historical memory of the late Soviet period and reconstruct a number of events when describing local identities of personalities in the context of architectural and construction activities of the staf f of the PSUPS.

A retrospective look at the North American Forest Soils Conferences from 1958 to 2023

AbstractThis paper contains a brief overview of contents of 13 North American Forest Soils Conferences.

The first 100 years of the ICES Journal of Marine Science

Abstract To celebrate the centenary of the ICES Journal of Marine Science in 2026, this article takes a retrospective look at what transpired with the Journal during those 100 years. Beginning with the original intent of the publication, its subsequent transformation is chronicled from being a French-titled journal focussing mainly on northeast Atlantic topics with three issues per volume to its present status as a well-known and highly rated publication 9–10 issues per year featuring papers from around the world addressing the full range of marine science investigations. The publication, subscriptions, and distribution of the Journal were initially handled by Danish firms, but were later contracted to major publishing companies such as Academic Press and Oxford University Press, the current publisher. Brief commentaries are provided of the nine individuals who have served as editor or editor-in-chief of the Journal throughout its 100-year history, as well as some who have served as assisting editors or editorial assistants in the ICES Secretariat. The management and promotion of the Journal by ICES are also reviewed.

Number needed to treat with intravenous tenecteplase to reduce the need for mechanical thrombectomy in large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke patients: A retrospective look at real-world experience data

ObjectiveWe sought to describe short term outcomes in patients with large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (LVOAIS) who were treated with intravenous tenecteplase (TNK) as compared to alteplase (tPA), focusing on reduction in the need for mechanical thrombectomy (MT). BackgroundIn LVOAIS, TNK has shown improved reperfusion and outcomes with a similar safety profile to tPA. Ultra-early reperfusion has been described with TNK which would prevent the need for MT. We analyze the magnitude of this effect in a “real-world” setting. Design/MethodsIn this retrospective study, demographic, clinical, and imaging information from patients with LVOAIS treated with intravenous thrombolysis was collected. Data was compared between the group treated with TNK and tPA. ResultsOne hundred eighty-six patients met the criteria for the study. Of these,144patients received tPA and 42 received TNK. Nine had clinical improvement prior to groin puncture and did not require angiography.When combining the number of patients who had recanalization on angiography before MT and those who had clinical improvement prior to angiography, there were a total of 23 patients. This was noted in 9.7 % of patients who received tPA and 21.4 % of those who received TNK (p = 0.043). For patients treated with TNK we observed a rapid clinical improvement, improved NIHSS, improved functional outcomes and decreased length of stay compared to patients treated with tPA. For patients with spontaneous recanalization either angiographically or with clinical improvement from intravenous thrombolysis, MT may not be required. ConclusionsIntravenous TNK in patients with LVOAIS decreases the need for MT, and is associated with improved outcomes and reduced length of stay.

A retrospective look at the impact of smoking on glycemic control and thyroid status in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM)

A retrospective look at the impact of smoking on glycemic control and thyroid status in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM)

A retrospective look: Industry partnership and transparency in phase III randomized clinical trials of breast cancer targeted therapies across two decades.

580 Background: To unveil industry involvement with respect to sponsorship, authorship, and demographic shifts in the trends of randomized clinical trials for breast cancer targeted therapies over the past two decades. Methods: All randomized phase III clinical trials focusing on targeted therapies for breast cancer were systematically identified from clinicaltrials.gov and reviewed using peer-reviewed publications. Trials that focused solely on chemotherapy and hormonal therapy were excluded. SAS Enterprise Guide v7.1 was used to analyze trial characteristics, authorship, and demographic details with Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: From 2005-2023, 998 breast cancer treatment clinical trials were identified; 110 trials were included in the final analysis. Overall, 8.2% were limited to the U.S. and Canada while 67.3% were carried out internationally. 34.5% were led by cooperative (Co-op) groups vs 65.5% by pharmaceutical industries. 19.1% of trials were published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM); all NEJM published trials reported positive results and 76.2% of were industry led. In contrast, of the 4.5% of trials featured in The Lancet, only 60% showed positive findings and 60% had major industry sponsorship. The most common industry partnerships were with Roche (27.3%), Novartis (12.7%), and Pfizer (7.3%) while the most common leading Co-op group was the National Cancer Institute (7.3%). To evaluate trends, trials were split into 3 time periods based on publication dates: 2005-2011, 2012-2017, and 2018-2023. The number of trial publications increased from 13 to 43 to 54. Of the 70% of trials that reported race/ethnicity data, the proportion of White patients decreased (84.5%, 78.8%, 79.3%; p<0.001) and the proportion of Asian patients increased (8.9%, 18.4%, 16.7%; p<0.001). However, enrollment of Black (6.6%, 2.8%, 4.0%; p<0.001) and Hispanic (7.0%, 2.8%, 5.0%; p<0.001) patients remained low. There were no statistically significant changes in international participation (46.2%, 69.8%, 70.4%; p=0.22), the proportion of exclusively industry-led (46.2%, 74.4%, 63.0%; p=0.15) or Co-op group-designed trials (61.5%, 35.7%, 26.4%; p=0.10). Industry-involved data collection increased from 23.1% to 64.2% to 73.6% (p=0.01) while industry sponsored data analysis (38.5%, 61.9%, 66.0%; p=0.49) and manuscript drafting (38.5%, 66.7%, 71.7%; p=0.09) did not significantly change. Conclusions: Over time, there was a notable rise in the number of phase III clinical trials for breast cancer targeted therapies. More than 70% of these trials now engage in international collaboration. Despite this progress, there remains an underrepresentation of Black and Hispanic participants in trial enrollment. Today, nearly 70% of trials have major industry sponsorship in study design, data analysis, and manuscript preparation.

Fulvestrant and elacestrant utilization on prognostic outcome of patients with HR+ve/HER2-ve MBC.

e13094 Background: OS of pts with HR+ve/HER2-ve MBC has improved with CDK4/6i and endocrine therapy. Fulvestrant (FUL) works post progression on aromatase inhibitors in an endocrine resistant cohort. Ealcestrant (ELA) improves PFS compared to FUL in pts with an ESR1 mutation. This retrospective analysis looks at the trends in use of and associated outcome with FUL and ELA among pts with HR+ve/HER2-ve MBC. Methods: We utilized a federated network of de-identified health data representing approximately 135 million pt lives available through the TriNetX Research Network. We identified 14,387pts with HR+ve/HER2-ve MBC treated with endocrine therapy and CDK4/6i diagnosed between Nov 2018 - Nov 2023. OS was computed using the Kaplan Meier product limit method. Results: Mean age was 66 yrs. 5,736(39.9%) pts received FUL and 143(1%) pts ELA. In 2023 median time to use of FUL was 16m to 18m from metastases and median time to use of ELA decreased with time from 50m to 28m. Among pts who received ELA 65% received CDK4/6i for > 12m, 47% received FUL prior ELA, 7% received FUL after ELA. 5-yr OS of the whole cohort was 56.9%. 5-yr OS among pts who did and did not receive ELA was 85.4% and 60.0% respectively (HR 0.28, 95%CI 0.15-0.49, p<0.0001). 5-yr OS among pts who did and did not receive FUL w/o ELA was 61.5% and 60.9% respectively (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81-0.94, p<0.0001). 5-yr OS was 85.4% and 52.4% among pts who received ELA and FUL w/o ELA respectively (HR0.23, 95% CI0.14-0.41, p<0.0001). 5-yr OS was 88.7% and 67.9% among pts who received ELA and FUL w/o ELA respectively for > 3m (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.05-1.145, p=0.11). Among pts who received CDK4/6i > 12m 5-yr OS was 86.0% and 64.9% among pts who received ELA and FUL w/o ELA respectively (HR 0.36, 95% 0.20-0.67, p = 0.0007). Among pts who received ELA 1-yr OS from the start of ELA was 86.0% and 33.3% among pts who received CDK4/6i>12m and < 12m respectively (p=0.72). Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first real world data set to show the efficacy of ELA among pts with HR+ve/HER2-ve MBC who had progressed on endocrine therapy and CDK4/6i. Our results show decreasing time to use of ELA with improved outcome compared to FUL especially among pts who received CDK4/6i for > 12m. We continue to collect data among pts who are receiving ELA and expect over 200pts at the time of the presentation.

An Overview of Research on Multimodal Teaching and Learning

With the development of modern information technology, there emerges an increasing trend of multimodal teaching and learning. Teachers are required to employ a wide range of materials such as textbooks, diagrams, photographs and drawings to facilitate students’ learning. Thus, the significance of applying multimodal textbook discourse into classroom setting is also becoming increasingly pronounced. This article takes a retrospective look at the related previous studies on multimodal teaching and learning, which cover a wide variety of perspectives, including the multimodal discourse analysis, the multimodal classroom teaching and the multimodal textbook analysis. Based on the literature review, the deficiencies of current multimodal studies and suggestions for further research have been proposed in the last part of the article. The current study can give important enlightenment to the research and practice of multimodal teaching and learning, especially with the aid of the multimodal textbook discourse analysis.

A Retrospective Look at Clusters of Maternal Mortality [ID 2683584

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to identify clusters in the United States with the highest and lowest rates of maternal mortality, to pinpoint changes in maternal mortality rates, and to forecast maternal deaths by demographic variables. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was used to report maternal deaths in the United States. The maternal mortality counts (as defined by ICD-10 codes) from 2010 to 2020 at the county level for the 48 contiguous states were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) via their Wonder application. Variables such as population density, environmental conditions, race, ethnicity, and physical and mental health conditions for each county were identified. A regression analysis and spatial cluster analysis of these variables generated a heat map to identify areas in the United States with high and low rates of maternal mortality. RESULTS: Spatial clusters in the 48 contiguous states averaged across all years were identified. There are discrete areas with higher maternal mortality, some broad, such as the Southeast region, and some specified to cities, such as New York. A regression model used multiple factors to predict maternal deaths from demographic variables. The four best predictors were high population density, air pollution, and Hispanic and African American ethnicities. Clusters were also identified with the lowest maternal mortality. CONCLUSION: The United States has the highest maternal mortality rate (MMR) among all high-income countries. Historically, MMR has steadily increased since 2016. This study found that the best predictors for maternal mortality were high population density, air pollution, and Hispanic and African American subpopulations. Such a study can be used by health agencies and beyond to delve into possible causes of elevated maternal mortality in certain geographic regions of the United States. More studies are indicated to determine causality and unearth strategies to improve maternal outcomes.

Advanced practice nursing in the field of pelvic floor disorder – Lessons learned 5 years after role implementation

AbstractIntroductionPelvic floor disorder is a widespread chronic disease that confronts patients with a variety of physical and psychosocial challenges. An interprofessional team from a hospital region of eastern Switzerland created a specialized health service for this patient population and expressed the need for support by an APN to further develop interprofessional care. A retrospective look, 5 years after the role was implemented, reveals success factors, challenges and insights that can be utilized for similar and future projects.Method and AnalysisIn 2018 and 2019, a stakeholder‐oriented, participatory evaluation research was conducted to shape the role of the APN in the field of pelvic floor disorders. Ten interviews with internal and external experts in the field of pelvic floor disorder were analysed by thematic qualitative text analysis according to Kuckartz. A comparison between the original and the current profile illustrates its further development. Internal controlling shows the workload and number of patient contacts over the years 2018 to 2023. From a management perspective, the organizational and professional policy challenges are highlighted.ResultsIn 2018, the APN's scope of practice was described in eight areas, which were assigned to four APN competencies: direct clinical practice, collaboration, counselling, and evidence‐based practice. In 2022, 1211 different patient cases were treated in 1956 APN consultations. 64% of patients were women with interstitial cystitis. The focus was on direct clinical practice along the entire treatment pathway. The APN is predominantly the first and ongoing point of contact and coordinator of interprofessional treatment. The APN focuses on counselling and educating patients and their relatives, in particular on self‐management, for example, on the use of aids and the importance of self‐care. The number and complexity of the diagnostic and treatment interventions carried out by the APN have increased and are supported by expanding and extending competencies. The difficulty of recruiting nurses with a Master's degree, the legally unclear competence profile of APNs and the lack of cost coverage for APN services posed challenges in the development of this patient‐centred care model and required innovative solutions.DiscussionThe initially assumed scope of practice of the APN is still evident 5 years after implementation but is constantly evolving. Although delegated medical activities are carried out by the APN, the focus remains on the original nursing competences. The increase in the number of patients indicates the need for and successful establishment of the care model presented. Professional policy changes are urgently needed to enable the development of patient‐centred, innovative APN roles, both financially and legally.

Public Diplomacy and Democratic Backsliding in Turkey: A Retrospective Look at Government Investment in Soft Power

This paper discusses the development of public diplomacy policies and their implementation by the Turkish government through aggregate investment data and within the broader regional and global context in which the country’s policies evolved. Its main aim is to show how regime type is interrelated with foreign policy in general and public diplomacy as a branch of it. Turkey is a fruitful case because the country has experienced significant democratic backsliding since 2011, unlike the first period when the Justice and Development Party (henceforth AKP) came to power in 2002. The discussion over the data on budgets of various institutions responsible for adopting public diplomacy policies shows that cultural and educational public diplomacy received a major increase in investment, especially within the last six years, whereas the budgets for other institutions have fluctuated over the last ten years. Although the paper’s purpose was to provide a comprehensive picture of Turkey’s public diplomacy throughout the AKP rule since 2002, its main data source remains limited to the last decade. Thus, the availability and transparency of the data and its indication of the relationship between regime qualities and public diplomacy policies are also noted.