Retrospective Case-cohort Study Research Articles

Health care resource utilization and costs associated with psychiatric comorbidities in adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous condition with extensive psychiatric comorbidities. ADHD has been associated with substantial clinical and economic burden; however, little is known about the incremental burden specifically attributable to psychiatric comorbidities of ADHD in adults. To assess the impact of psychiatric comorbidities, specifically anxiety and depression, on health care resource utilization (HRU) and costs in treated adults with ADHD in the United States. A retrospective case-cohort study was conducted. Adults with ADHD were identified in the IQVIA PharMetrics Plus database (10/01/2015-09/30/2021). The index date was defined as the date of initiation of a randomly selected ADHD treatment. The baseline period was defined as the 6 months prior to the index date, and the study period as the 12 months following the index date. Patients with at least 1 diagnosis for anxiety and/or depression during both the baseline and study periods were classified in the ADHD+anxiety/depression cohort, whereas those without diagnoses for anxiety or depression at any time were classified in the ADHD-only cohort. Entropy balancing was used to create reweighted cohorts with similar baseline characteristics. All-cause HRU and health care costs were assessed during the study period and compared between cohorts using regression analyses. Cost analyses were also conducted in subgroups stratified by comorbid conditions. After reweighting, patients in the ADHD-only cohort (N = 276,906) and ADHD+anxiety/depression cohort (N = 217,944) had similar characteristics (mean age 34.1 years; 54.8% male). All-cause HRU was higher in the ADHD+anxiety/depression cohort than the ADHD-only cohort (incidence rate ratios for inpatient admissions: 4.5, emergency department visits: 1.8, outpatient visits: 2.0, and psychotherapy visits: 6.4; all P < 0.01). All-cause health care costs were more than 2 times higher in the ADHD+anxiety/depression cohort than the ADHD-only cohort (mean per-patient per-year [PPPY] costs in ADHD-only vs ADHD+anxiety/depression cohort: $5,335 vs $11,315; P < 0.01). Among the ADHD+anxiety/depression cohort, average all-cause health care costs were $9,233, $10,651, and $15,610 PPPY among subgroup of patients with ADHD and only anxiety, only depression, and both anxiety and depression, respectively. Comorbid anxiety and depression is associated with additional HRU and costs burden in patients with ADHD. Comanagement of these conditions is important and has the potential to alleviate the burden experienced by patients and the health care system.

Critical Organ Dysfunction and Preoperative Mortality in Newborns with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is fatal without surgical intervention. An important subset of HLHS patients die prior to surgical intervention, but this population is underevaluated. The neonatal sequential organ failure assessment score (nSOFA) is an operational definition of organ dysfunction that can identify those with a high risk of mortality among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. The utility of the nSOFA to predict preoperative mortality in the unique HLHS population is unknown and could inform care, particularly care provided by neonatology staff. We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of HLHS cases across three level IV NICUs from January 1, 2009 to December 3, 2023. Patients were classified as either survived or died prior to surgical intervention. Demographic variables were curated from medical records including the maximum nSOFA (nSOFAmax) before surgical intervention or death. We identified 265 patients with HLHS over the study period. The nSOFAmax was greater in patients who died preoperatively (14/265; 5%) compared with survivors to surgical intervention (median 8 [interquartile range, 6, 12] vs. 2 [0, 4]; p < 0.001). The area under receiver operating characteristics curve for the nSOFAmax to discriminate for mortality was 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.88-0.98; p < 0.001). Compared with an nSOFAmax of 0, the likelihood ratio for preoperative death doubled at 2, tripled at 4, and was 10-fold at 9. This is the first demonstration of nSOFA utility in specific to congenital heart disease and HLHS. The nSOFAmax represents a novel, electronic health record-compatible, and generalizable method to identify patient-level organ dysfunction and risk for preoperative mortality in HLHS patients. KEY POINTS: · An important subset of HLHS patients die preoperatively.. · nSOFA can be used to measure preoperative HLHS severity.. · nSOFA predicts preoperative mortality risk in HLHS patients..

The predictive value of heart rate in determining clinical course after a bupropion overdose

Introduction Bupropion is a popular antidepressant due to its favorable side effect profile and indications for smoking cessation and weight loss. Due to the possibility of delayed onset seizure and other adverse outcomes after bupropion overdose, patients are often observed for periods of 12-24 hours following suspected ingestion. Tachycardia is a clinical predictor that holds promise in differentiating cases at risk for seizures from low-risk cases that do not require prolonged observation. This study assessed whether heart rate within the first eight hours of presentation can identify cases that do not require extended observation. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of all supra-therapeutic bupropion cases from two hospital systems between 2010 and 2022. Results Data from 216 charts were included. Seizures, hypotension, and dysrhythmias occurred in 19 percent (n = 41), 1.4 percent (n = 3), 0.9 percent (n = 2) respectively. One patient died. Delayed adverse effects were rare (n = 4); they occurred from 14 hours to 28 hours post-ingestion. Maximum heart rate in eight hours was associated with a risk of adverse outcomes. (odds ratio, 1.07; 95 percent confidence interval: 1.05 to 1.09; P < 0.001). An eight hour maximum heart rate threshold of 104 beats/minute had a negative predictive value of 100 percent (95 percent confidence interval: 96.7 percent to 100 percent) for the occurrence of delayed adverse effects. All patients with delayed effects had tachycardia within five hours of emergency department arrival. Discussion Delayed adverse outcomes of seizures, hypotension, dysrhythmia, and death were uncommon in this cohort. Heart rate during the first eight hours of observation performs reliably as a screening test to identify patients at low risk for delayed adverse outcomes. This study is limited by its retrospective nature, the inability to ascertain time of ingestion for most cases and the lack of confirmatory laboratory testing. Conclusion This study supports the use of an eight hour observation period when there are no other clinical signs of toxicity to warrant admission and if no co-ingestion or administration of substances that mask tachycardia are present.

Correlation of Peripartum Acute Kidney Injury Severity With Obstetric Comorbidity Index Scores and Maternal Morbidity [ID 2683636

INTRODUCTION: Risk stratification systems are increasingly used to predict obstetric complications. The Obstetric Comorbidity Index (OB-CMI) is one validated prediction tool, applying weighted scores to maternal and obstetric conditions. Although acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe maternal morbidity, there is limited information on predicting AKI severity. We aimed to investigate the utility of OB-CMI scores and its specific comorbidities in predicting obstetric AKI severity, and the relationship of AKI severity and other maternal morbidity outcomes. METHODS: This was an IRB-exempt, retrospective cohort study of AKI cases (ICD-10 code N17.0-17.9) between January 2018 and December 2022 at a single academic institution with ∼6,000 births annually. Information was extracted via chart review. Cases were stratified by those meeting American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)/Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) criteria for severe renal injury. Those with unknown baseline Cr were assigned 0.7 (the 95th percentile Cr value at 39–40 weeks). Groups were compared based on admission OB-CMI scores and comorbidities, and maternal morbidity events using independent t-tests, χ2, and Fisher's exact as appropriate. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty cases were reviewed: 8.3% (19 cases) met ACOG/SMFM AKI criteria. There was no significant difference in mean OB-CMI scores (mean 3.8 versus 4.1; P=.782) or incidence of individual comorbidities between groups. Regarding other maternal morbidity events, ACOG/SMFM criteria AKI was significantly associated with other severe morbidity events (47.4% versus 12.3%; P&lt;.001), including transfusion, disseminated intravascular coagulation, intubation, and intensive care unit admission. CONCLUSION: The OB-CMI score was poorly predictive of AKI severity; however, the occurrence of severe AKI by ACOG/SMFM criteria was associated with a 4-fold increased rate of co-occurring maternal morbidity events and a 2.5-fold increased rate of blood transfusion.

Clinical and Laboratory Profile, Management and Outcome of Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Infection Admitted at the Philippine General Hospital.

The Philippines has recorded over 470,000 COVID-19 cases in children, with over 1,500 deaths during the same period. Although a Philippine online pediatric COVID-19 registry exists, this only relies on passive surveillance. This study determined the clinical and laboratory profile, risk factors for severe COVID-19, and mortality, management, and outcome of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 patients admitted at the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) from April 2020 to June 2022 to fill in knowledge gaps on the epidemiology of COVID-19 infection in children. This was a retrospective cohort study of pediatric COVID-19 cases admitted at the PGH, a designated COVID referral center during the study period. Demographic and clinical profile, risk factors, comorbidities, laboratory and radiologic findings, management, and outcomes across different disease severity states were gathered by chart review and the data were analyzed using STATA 17. There were 448 pediatric patients admitted and diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period. Most patients belonged to the 1-5-year age group (25.9%), had no known exposure to a COVID-19 case (65.4%), were mild cases (37.3%%), and did not receive any dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (96.7%). The most common presenting symptoms across all disease categories were fever (44.4%), cough (28.6%), and shortness of breath (26.6%). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) presented with fever (100%) and rash (53.9%). The risk factors for severe disease were the presence of a congenital anomaly lung disease, and elevated procalcitonin. Most patients with MIS-C were previously well with no comorbidities. Laboratory findings which were markedly elevated among severe and critical cases were ESR, CRP, D-dimer, LDH, and IL-6. Ferritin, procalcitonin (PCT) and IL-6 were elevated only in severe to critical COVID-19 cases and remained within normal for the other disease categories. As to treatment, asymptomatic, mild, and moderate cases were given supportive medications (zinc, vitamin D, and vitamin C), while investigational drugs particularly corticosteroids, IVIG, and remdesivir, were used in severe cases.Antibiotics were given to 71.7% of patients at the outset. As to the outcomes, 89% recovered, while 8.9% died. The case fatality rate from COVID-19 infection was at 2.2%. Admitted pediatric COVID-19 cases are generally mild but admission is due to underlying illness or comorbidities. Those with severe to critical cases have underlying comorbidities and had either progression or complications due to COVID disease. D-dimer, LDH, IL-6, ferritin and procalcitonin were elevated among severe and critical cases which can be utilized as inflammatory markers.

Tuberculosis in prison: What about after release? The example of French Guiana

ABSTRACT Introduction Tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Prisoners in Guiana have multiple risk factors. The primary objective of this study was to describe tuberculosis occurring in prison and after release in French Guiana between 2008 and 2020. Secondary objectives were to identify tuberculosis risk factors and determine annual incidences. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of tuberculosis cases was carried out at the Guiana prison between 2008 and 2020. Data were collected from prison registers and cross-referenced with the list of tuberculosis notifications in French Guiana. Results: A total of 36 cases of tuberculosis were studied. Incidence was high, at 263/100,000 per year, higher than elsewhere in France and comparable to that in Brazil. Despite visibly effective screening on entry, with little evidence of intra-prison circulation of tuberculosis, 39% of patients were diagnosed within two years of leaving prison (76% were symptomatic). This could be explained by the high prevalence of latent forms (LTI). Discussion Continued screening on entry, in combination with annual radiological and clinical screening, and reinforced follow-up on release seem indicated to improve patient management and the search for possible LTI.

(103) Prior Intracavernosal Injection Therapy and Prostate Cancer Treatment are Both Independently Associated with Increased Risks of Complications in Men Undergoing Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Placement

Abstract Introduction Intracavernosal injection (ICI) therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) carries a risk of corporal fibrosis, potentially making placement of an inflatable penile prosthesis more difficult. Prostate cancer treatment may also induce corporal fibrosis. Objective To assess whether a history of ICI or prostate cancer treatment is associated with complications following IPP placement. Methods A retrospective cohort study of primary IPP cases from 2016–2021 across 16 institutions. Patients were stratified by history of ICI and between-group differences in risk factors were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess for predictors of intraoperative complications, postoperative non-infectious complications and postoperative infection. Results A total of 2540 patients met inclusion criteria of which 781 (30.8%) had a history of ICI. Patients with a history of ICI tended to be older (mean 63 vs 64 years, p=0.002) and were more likely to have history of radical prostatectomy (21.0% vs. 32.1%, p&amp;lt;0.001) and/or radiation (5.51% vs 10.9%, p&amp;lt;0.001). On multivariable regression, a history of ICI, prostatectomy, and radiation were all significant predictors of intraoperative complications (OR 2.11, p=0.03; OR 2.27, p=0.03; OR 2.40, p=0.04, respectively). A history of ICI and patient age were predictors of non-infectious postoperative complications (OR 1.44, p=0.02, OR 1.02, p=0.004 respectively)). None of the variables were significant predictors of infection. Conclusions In men undergoing IPP placement, a history of ICI is associated with an increased risk of both intraoperative and postoperative, non-infectious complications. Prostate cancer treatment with radiation or surgery is independently associated with increased risk of intraoperative complications. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: D.O. has served as a consultant for Coloplast, Intuitive Surgical, and Fidelis. P.P. has served as a consultant for Coloplast, Boston Scientific, and Urofill. M.S. has served as a consultant for Boston Scientific and Coloplast. J.S. has served as a consultant for Boston Scientific and Coloplast. F.A.Y. has served as a consultant for Coloplast, Cynosure, Antares Pharma, Clarus Pharmaceuticals, and Acerus Pharma. M.S.G. has served as a consultant for Coloplast. The other authors disclose no conflicts.

Ethnic Differences in the Rates of Posterior Capsule Rupture and Long-Term Sequelae in Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the rates of posterior capsular rupture (PCR) and its sequelae during phacoemulsification across different ethnicities. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of all consecutive phacoemulsification cases complicated by PCR that met the inclusion criteria over a four-year period at a single tertiary eye centre in the United Kingdom (UK). Results PCR occurred in 0.85% of cases overall (157/18,481). PCR rates were 1.8% (26/1485), 1.2% (51/4350), and 0.7% (75/10,927) in African-Caribbean, Indian subcontinent, and Caucasian patients, respectively (p < 0.001). Mean final corrected distance visual acuity improved (p < 0.05) in all ethnic groups(0.40 ± 0.57 logMAR) compared to pre-op (0.78 ± 0.61 logMAR). Post-operative cystoid macular oedema and unstable intraocular pressure rates following PCR did not statistically differ amongst ethnicities (p = 0.37 and p = 0.75, respectively). However, post-operative uveitis rates significantly differed at 11.5%, 15.7%, and 1.3% amongst the three ethnic groups, respectively (p = 0.01). Conclusion This is the first study to highlight a possible link between patient ethnicity and the risk of PCR during phacoemulsification cataract surgery. We observed significantly greater numbers of PCR cases amongst certain ethnic groups (highest in African-Caribbean eyes, then Indian subcontinental eyes, and lowest in Caucasian eyes) within the same multi-cultural urban population. Ethnicity may therefore be a contributing factor for PCR and should potentially be taken into consideration during preoperative risk stratification.

High-volume facilities are significantly more likely to use guideline-adherent systemic immunotherapy for metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: implications for cancer care regionalization.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a neuroendocrine skin cancer with a high rate of mortality. While still relatively rare, the incidence of MCC has been rapidly rising in the US and around the world. Since 2017, two immunotherapeutic drugs, avelumab and pembrolizumab, have been FDA-approved for the treatment of metastatic MCC and have revolutionized outcomes for MCC. However, real-world outcomes can differ from clinical trial data, and the adoption of novel therapeutics can be gradual. We aimed to characterize the treatment practices and outcomes of patients with metastatic MCC across the US. A retrospective cohort study of adult cases of MCC in the National Cancer Database diagnosed from 2004 to 2019 was performed. Multivariable logistic regressions to determine the association of a variety of patient, tumor, and system factors with likelihood of receipt of systemic therapies were performed. Univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox survival regressions were performed. We identified 1017 cases of metastatic MCC. From 2017 to 2019, 54.2% of patients received immunotherapy. This increased from 45.1% in 2017 to 63.0% in 2019. High-volume centers were significantly more likely to use immunotherapy (odds ratio 3.235, p = 0.002). On univariate analysis, patients receiving systemic immunotherapy had significantly improved overall survival (p < 0.001). One-, 3-, and 5-year survival was 47.2% (standard error [SE] 1.8%), 21.8% (SE 1.5%), and 16.5% (SE 1.4%), respectively, for patients who did not receive immunotherapy versus 62.7% (SE 3.5%), 34.4% (SE 3.9%), and 23.6% (SE 4.4%), respectively, for those who did (Fig. 1). In our multivariable survival regression, receipt of immunotherapy was associated with an approximately 35% reduction in hazard of death (hazard ratio 0.665, p < 0.001; 95% CI 0.548-0.808). Our results demonstrate that the real-world survival advantage of immunotherapy for metastatic MCC is similar to clinical trial data. However, many patients with metastatic disease did not receive this guideline-recommended therapy in our most recent study year, and use of immunotherapy is higher at high-volume centers. This suggests that regionalization of care to high-volume centers or dissemination of their practices, may ultimately improve patient survival.

Preconception folic acid supplementation for the prevention of birth defects: a prospective, population-based cohort study in mainland China

BackgroundFolic acid supplementation is recommended for reducing the risk of birth defects. We aimed to assess the protective association of periconception folic acid supplements with birth defects in real-world setting.MethodsThis prospective, population-based cohort study utilized national preconception registered data of married Chinese couples planning a pregnancy within 6 months between 2010 and 2012 in Mainland China. Participated women are freely provided folic acid starting 3 months before conception till 3 months after conception. Birth defects were self-reported at 42 days postpartumn followup. R software (v4.0.2) was applied for statistical analyses.ResultsComplete data of 567,547 couples with pregnancy outcomes and folic acid supplementation were extracted for final analysis. A total of 74.7% women were with folic acid supplementation, and 599 birth defects were self-reported. The odd of birth defects was lower among women taking folic acid compared to their counterparts not taking (0.102% vs 0.116%, P < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression analyses, the odd of birth defects was lower among couples with maternal folic acid supplementation (OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.66–0.95, P = 0.011), especially decreased odd of neural tube defects (NTDs) (OR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.39–0.82, P = 0.003). This association was confirmed by 1:4 and 1:10 case control analysis. Odds of birth defects were significantly lower among women with folic acid supplementation more than 3 months before pregnancy (P < 0.001), and moreover, the odds of cleft (P = 0.007) and NTDs (P = 0.007) were of notable decrease.ConclusionThis retrospective case cohort study provides programmatic evidence for public health strategy-making to for reducing the risk of NTDs and clefts.

(176) Prior Intracavernosal Injection Therapy and Prostate Cancer Treatment are Both Independently Associated with Increased Risks of Complications in Men Undergoing Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Placement

Abstract Introduction Intracavernosal injection (ICI) therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) carries a risk of corporal fibrosis, potentially making placement of an inflatable penile prosthesis more difficult. Prostate cancer treatment may also induce corporal fibrosis. Objective To assess whether a history of ICI or prostate cancer treatment is associated with complications following IPP placement. Methods A retrospective cohort study of primary IPP cases from 2016-2021 across 16 institutions. Patients were stratified by history of ICI and between-group differences in risk factors were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess for predictors of intraoperative complications, postoperative non-infectious complications and postoperative infection. Results A total of 2540 patients met inclusion criteria of which 781 (30.8%) had a history of ICI. Patients with a history of ICI tended to be older (mean 63 vs 64 years, p=0.002) and were more likely to have history of radical prostatectomy (21.0% vs. 32.1%, p&amp;lt;0.001) and/or radiation (5.51% vs 10.9%, p&amp;lt;0.001). On multivariable regression, a history of ICI, prostatectomy, and radiation were all significant predictors of intraoperative complications (OR 2.11, p=0.03; OR 2.27, p=0.03; OR 2.40, p=0.04, respectively). A history of ICI and patient age were predictors of non-infectious postoperative complications (OR 1.44, p=0.02, OR 1.02, p=0.004 respectively)). None of the variables were significant predictors of infection. Conclusions In men undergoing IPP placement, a history of ICI is associated with an increased risk of both intraoperative and postoperative, non-infectious complications. Prostate cancer treatment with radiation or surgery is independently associated with increased risk of intraoperative complications. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: D.O. has served as a consultant for Coloplast, Intuitive Surgical, and Fidelis. P.P. has served as a consultant for Coloplast, Boston Scientific, and Urofill. M.S. has served as a consultant for Boston Scientific and Coloplast. J.S. has served as a consultant for Boston Scientific and Coloplast. F.A.Y. has served as a consultant for Coloplast, Cynosure, Antares Pharma, Clarus Pharmaceuticals, and Acerus Pharma. M.S.G. has served as a consultant for Coloplast. The other authors disclose no conflicts.

Abstract WP33: Impact of Early Mobilization on Length of Stay in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: IV rt-tPA is standard of care in patients presenting within 4.5 hours of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) symptom onset. Despite its short half-life, concerns regarding the safety of early mobilization remain, which may delay patients’ time to rehabilitation evaluation. We previously demonstrated the safety of early mobilization, using stratification based on stroke severity. This study aims to compare time from mobility order to PT/OT evaluation and total length of stay between patients whose mobility orders were congruent with institutional guidelines to those with incongruent orders. Methods: This is a retrospective case-cohort study of AIS patients who received IV tPA and/or mechanical thrombectomy (MT), admitted to our center April 2018 to December 2019. Prior to this, a 24 hour bedrest protocol post-rtPA was in place. In April of 2018, a new mobility protocol was established stratifying bedrest time following tPA and/or MT to 1, 6, or 8 hours, based on NIHSS and clinical stability. All patients in this cohort (N=524) should have been assigned the new mobility protocol. For patients receiving both tPA and MT, the mobility assignment for thrombectomy was assessed. 37 patients were excluded from analysis due to missing data points. Results: A total of 384 patients received tPA only, with 89% (n=354) receiving congruent orderset. 59 patients received tPA and MT, and 74 received MT only. Mean LOS days for tPA only with congruent orderset was 5.33 + 5.76 (n=350) vs. 6.45 + 6.06 (n=55) with incongruent orders. Mean LOS days for MT only with congruent orders was 10.03 + 6.42 (n=58) vs. 10.28 + 7.64 (n=57) with incongruent orders. Mean time in hours from PT/OT order to evaluation for tPA only with congruent orders was 17.72 + 13.01 (n=341) vs. 32.63 + 29.45 (n=41) with incongruent orders. For MT only patients with a congruent orderset, mean hours from PT/OT order to evaluation was 33.74 + 16.91 (n=54), and 50.7 + 34.12 (n=47) for incongruent orders. Conclusions: There was an increase in both PT/OT order to evaluation time and total LOS for patients with incorrect orders. Following the early mobilization protocol leads to an earlier PT/OT evaluation and disposition.

Risk factors of neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective case-cohort study.

Pain is a common symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS), especially neuropathic pain, which has a significant impact on patients' mental and physical health and quality of life. However, risk factors that related to neuropathic pain, still remain unclear. The study aimed to explore the risk factors of neuropathic pain among MS patients. This retrospective study examined the consecutive patients diagnosed with MS in the Department of Neurology of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine between August 2011 and October 2022. Neuropathic pain was defined as "pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system". Demographic and clinical features were obtained from the electronic system of the hospital. Our cohort revealed that the prevalence of patients with neuropathic pain in MS was 34.1%. The results indicated that the longer the spinal lesions, the greater the neuropathic pain risks (2-4: OR, 13.3(2.1-82), >5: OR, 15.2(2.7-86.8), p for tread: 0.037). Meanwhile, multivariate regression analysis showed that cervical and thoracic lesions (OR 4.276, 95% CI 1.366-13.382, P = 0.013), upper thoracic lesions (T1-T6) (OR 3.047, 95% CI 1.018-9.124, P = 0.046) were positively correlated with neuropathic pain, while basal ganglia lesions (OR 0.188, 95% CI 0.044-0.809, P = 0.025) were negatively correlated with neuropathic pain among MS patients. Extended spinal lesions (≥3 spinal lesions), cervical and thoracic lesions, upper thoracic lesions were independent risk factors of neuropathic pain among MS patients. Furthermore, our study found that the longer the spinal lesions, the greater the neuropathic pain risks.

Radiation Exposure from GEP NET Surveillance.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are neoplasms that secrete peptides and neuroamines. For gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NET, surgical resection represents the only curative option. Ten-year imaging surveillance programs are recommended due to long time-to-recurrence following resection. We performed retrospective chart review evaluating radiation exposure and practice patterns from surveillance of completely resected GEP NET. We performed a retrospective cohort study of cases with well-differentiated GEP NET from January 2005 to July 2020. Location of primary, modality of imaging, and duration of follow-up were collected. Dosimetry data was collected to calculate effective dose. 62 cases were included with 422 surveillance scans performed. Cross-sectional imaging was used in 82% and functional imaging was used in 18% of scans. Mean number of scans per year was 1.25 (0.42-3). Mean total effective dose was 56.05 mSv (SD 45.56; 0 to 198 mSv) while mean total effective dose per year was 10.62 mSv (SD 9.35; 0 to 45 mSv). Over the recommended ten years of surveillance the estimated total effective dose was 106 mSv. Surveillance of completely resected GEP NET results in cumulative radiation doses in the range associated with secondary malignancy development. Strategies to minimize radiation exposure in surveillance should be considered in future guideline development.

Emerging Trends &amp; Techniques Related to Treatment in Patients with intra – Conal Cavernous Hemangioma of the Orbit(OCH)/orbital Cavernous Malformation (OCVM) and Treatment related Complications, A Systematic Review

Orbital Cavernous venous malformation (OCVM), formerly known as cavernous hemangioma of the orbit (OCH) is a frequent benign, slow-growing, non distensible venous malformation with ISSVA classification which classifies it into different types. This research has employed randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case reports, retrospective case studies, systematic reviews, and cohort studies to evaluate the treatment choices for OCVM and its consequences. The goal of this review is to analyze the comprehensive therapies used for OCVM. For our literature search, we looked at PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMed Central and Cochrane across six years (from 2016 to 2021). Using the Cochrane risk of bias quality assessment tool, the found studies underwent a quality check (modified Cochrane RoB 2). For the reporting of this systematic review, we adopted preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 criteria and included a total of 10 papers. The majority of research confirmed the accuracy of OCVM detection using MRI and CT. To evaluate the effects of the intervention on OCVM more precisely, more trials with a longer follow-up time are needed. This study will explore recommendations and guide orbital surgeons, regardless. It will aid in the development of future strategies involving both invasive and noninvasive procedures to close the surgical and complication gap.

Malpractice claims after antireflux surgery and paraesophageal hernia repair: a population-based analysis

BackgroundThe complication rate of modern antireflux surgery or paraesophageal hernia repair is unknown, and previous estimates have been extrapolated from institutional cohorts.MethodsA population-based retrospective cohort study of patient injury cases involving antireflux surgery and paraesophageal hernia repair from the Finnish National Patient Injury Centre (PIC) register between Jan 2010 and Dec 2020. Additionally, the baseline data of all the patients who underwent antireflux and paraesophageal hernia operations between Jan 2010 and Dec 2018 were collected from the Finnish national care register.ResultsDuring the study period, 5734 operations were performed, and the mean age of the patients was 54.9 ± 14.7 years, with 59.3% (n = 3402) being women. Out of all operations, 341 (5.9%) were revision antireflux or paraesophageal hernia repair procedures. Antireflux surgery was the primary operation for 79.9% (n = 4384) of patients, and paraesophageal hernia repair was the primary operation for 20.1% (n = 1101) of patients. A total of 92.5% (5302) of all the operations were laparoscopic. From 2010 to 2020, 60 patient injury claims were identified, with half (50.0%) of the claims being related to paraesophageal hernia repair. One of the claims was made due to an injury that resulted in a patient's death (1.7%). The mean Comprehensive Complication Index scores were 35.9 (± 20.7) and 47.6 (± 20.8) (p = 0.033) for antireflux surgery and paraesophageal hernia repair, respectively. Eleven (18.3%) of the claims pertained to redo surgery.ConclusionsThe rate of antireflux surgery has diminished and the rate of paraesophageal hernia repair has risen in Finland during the era of minimally invasive surgery. Claims to the PIC remain rare, but claims regarding paraesophageal hernia repairs and redo surgery are overrepresented. Additionally, paraesophageal hernia repair is associated with more serious complications.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in residential aged care facilities is independently associated with lower survival in Perth, Australia

AimTo compare out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) characteristics and outcomes between people aged ≥ 65 years who arrested in a residential aged care facility (RACF) versus a private residence in Perth, Australia. MethodsWe undertook a retrospective cohort study of OHCA cases attended by emergency medical services (EMS) in Perth, January 2018-December 2021. OHCA patient and event characteristics and survival outcomes were compared via univariate analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between residency type and (i) return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at emergency department (ED) and (ii) 30-day survival. ResultsA total of 435 OHCA occurred in RACFs versus 3,395 in private residences. RACF patients were significantly older (median age: 86 [IQR 79, 91] vs 78 [71, 85] years; p < 0.001), more commonly female (50.1% vs 36.8%; p < 0.001), bystander-witnessed arrests (34.9% vs 21.5%; p < 0.001), received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (42.1% vs 28.6%; p < 0.001), had less shockable first monitored rhythms (4.0% vs 8.1%; p = 0.002) and more frequently had a “do not resuscitate” order identified (46.0% vs 13.6%; <0.001). Among those with EMS-attempted resuscitation or with defibrillation before EMS arrival, ROSC at ED and 30-day survival were significantly lower in the RACF group (6.2% vs 18.9%; p < 0.001 and 1.9% vs 7.7%; p < 0.001). The adjusted odds of ROSC at ED (aOR: 0.22 [95%CI: 0.10, 0.46]) and 30-day survival (aOR: 0.20 [95%CI 0.05, 0.92]) were significantly lower for RACF residents. ConclusionRACF residency was an independent predictor of lower survival from OHCA, highlighting the importance of end-of-life planning for RACF residents.

Subsequent pregnancy outcomes and risk factors following conservative treatment for placenta accreta spectrum: a retrospective cohort study

Placenta accreta spectrum can lead to uncontrollable massive hemorrhage in the perinatal period. Currently, the first-line treatment for placenta accreta spectrum recommended worldwide is hysterectomy. However, adverse outcomes after hysterectomy, including surgical complications, such as difficulty in performing the procedure, and sequelae, such as infertility and psychological issues, cannot be ignored. Several surgical approaches for conservative treatment have been proposed. There are few reports on the effectiveness, safety, and long-term complications of conservative treatments, especially subsequent pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes and identify risk factors of subsequent pregnancies among patients with placenta accreta spectrum who had undergone conservative surgery. This was a retrospective cohort study of subsequent pregnancy cases after cesarean delivery with conservative treatment for placenta accreta spectrum from 2011 to 2019 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University to identify clinical outcomes of subsequent pregnancies and the risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. A total of 883 patients undergoing conservative surgery were included in this study, among which 604 (68.4%) were successfully followed up. There were 75 successful pregnancies in 72 patients, including 22 full-term or near-term deliveries, 1 induced labor in the second trimester of pregnancy, 6 cesarean scar pregnancies (8.0%), 2 ectopic pregnancies, and 44 first-trimester pregnancies (3 miscarriages and 41 elective abortions and 12 medical abortions and 32 vacuum aspirations). All newborns survived in the 22 full-term or near-term deliveries. Moreover, 5 placenta accreta spectrum cases (22.7%) and 6 placenta previa cases were observed. Postpartum hemorrhage was observed in 2 cases, with an incidence rate of 9.1%. All parameters, including age at subsequent pregnancy, gravidity, number of cesarean deliveries, type of previous placenta accreta spectrum, gestational week of pregnancy termination, interpregnancy interval, and the use of vascular occlusion techniques, were not found to be associated with recurrent placenta accreta spectrum and cesarean scar pregnancy. Our findings show that treatment for placenta accreta spectrum does not automatically preclude a subsequent pregnancy. However, patients should be fully informed about the risk of recurrent placenta accreta spectrum, scar pregnancy, and postpartum hemorrhage.

Arthroscopic Broström-Gould Repair Has Comparable Radiological and Clinical Outcomes Compared to Traditional Open Broström-Gould Repair in High-Demand Patients

Category: Arthroscopy; Sports Introduction/Purpose: This study sought to confirm whether traditional open Broström–Gould repair and arthroscopic Broström–Gould repair for chronic ankle instability (CAI) would produce comparable radiological and clinical outcomes in high- demand patients. Methods: This retrospective case–cohort study included high-demand patients, as determined by a pre-injury Tegner Activity Level ≥ 6, who underwent Broström–Gould repair and were followed up for ≥ 2 years. Patients were divided into the arthroscopic Broström–Gould repair group (AS Group) and the open Broström–Gould repair group (Open Group). Perioperative radiological assessments were performed. The Tegner Activity Levels, Foot and Ankle Outcome Scores (FAOSs), Karlsson and Peterson (K– P) scores, and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle–hindfoot (AOFAS) scores were evaluated clinically. Results: A total of 65 patients (31 from the AS Group and 34 from the Open Group) were included in the study. There were no differences in age, sex, body mass index, preoperative anterior talar translation, talar tilt, signal-to-noise ratio, FAOS, K–P score, or AOFAS score between the two groups (n.s.). The preinjury median Tegner Activity Level was 7 and unchanged at the final follow-up in both groups. Postoperative stress radiographs showed improvement; however, the groups did not differ significantly. The FAOS, K–P scores, and AOFAS scores improved in each group (P &lt; 0.001). However, the clinical scores did not differ between the groups (all n.s.). Conclusion: Traditional open and arthroscopic Broström–Gould repair for CAI in high-demand patients had comparable radiological and clinical outcomes. Clinically, arthroscopic Broström–Gould repair may represent a viable surgical alternative to open Broström–Gould repair in high-demand patients.

Prehospital Predictors of Survival in Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Background and Objectives: Despite advances in the treatment of heart diseases, the outcome of patients experiencing sudden cardiac arrest remains poor. The aim of our study was to determine the prehospital variables as predictors of survival outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of OHCA cases. EMS protocols created in accordance with the Utstein style reporting for OHCA, first responder intervention reports, medical dispatch center dispatch protocols and hospital medical reports were all reviewed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed with the following variables: age, gender, witnessed status, location, bystander CPR, first rhythm, and etiology. Results: A total of 381 interventions with resuscitation attempts were analyzed. In more than half (55%) of them, bystander CPR was performed. Thirty percent of all patients achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 22% of those achieved 30-day survival (7% of all OHCA victims), and 73% of those survived with Cerebral Performance Score 1 or 2. The logistic regression model of adjustment confirms that shockable initial rhythm was a predictor of ROSC [OR: 4.5 (95% CI: 2.5-8.1)] and 30-day survival [OR: 9.3 (95% CI: 2.9-29.2)]. Age was also associated (≤67 years) [OR: 3.9 (95% CI: 1.3-11.9)] with better survival. Conclusions: Elderly patients have a lower survival rate. The occurrence of bystander CPR in cardiac arrest remains alarmingly low. Shockable initial rhythm is associated with a better survival rate and neurological outcome compared with non-shockable rhythm.