Retroauricular Lymph Nodes Research Articles

The posterolateral neck dissection: indications, planning, and techniques

The posterolateral neck dissection removes the occipital and retroauricular lymph nodes in addition to nodal groups two through five. This procedure is performed for the removal of metastatic or at-risk lymph nodes in the posterolateral neck, which most commonly originate from the cutaneous surfaces of the scalp and neck posterior to a coronal plane connecting the external auditory canals. The major surgical consideration is the identification and preservation of the spinal accessory nerve.

Retroauricular lymph node flap: An anatomic and surgical feasibility study.

The study investigated the anatomy of the retroauricular lymph node (LN) flap and evaluate its surgical feasibility as a new donor site for a free LN flap in lymphedema surgery. Twelve adult cadavers were examined. The course and perfusion of the anterior auricular artery (AAA) and the location and sizes of the retroauricular LNs were studied. The AAA was available in 87% and absent in 13% specimens. The AAA's origin had a mean vertical distance of 12.2 ± 6.9 mm and a mean horizontal distance of 19.1 ± 4.2 mm from the superior attachment of the ear. The mean diameter of the AAA was 0.8 ± 0.2 mm. The mean number of LN per region was 7.7 ± 2.3, with an average LN size of 4.1 ± 1.9 × 3.2 ± 1.7 mm. The LN were categorized into anterior (G1) and posterior (G2) groups, with a total of 59 and 10 LN, respectively. In a cluster analysis, three LN clusters could be detected across the anterior group (G1). The retroauricular LN flap is a delicate but feasible flap with reliable anatomy, containing a mean of 7.7 LNs.

Treatment of Anaphylaxis After Injection of Stem Cell Exosomes With 5-Fluorouracil and Triamcinolone Acetonide.

Using stem cell exosomes to treat alopecia is a new treatment in plastic surgery. However, there are few reports on the complications of this treatment. This study describes a method of using 5-fluorouracil combined with triamcinolone acetonide to treat allergic reactions caused by stem cell exosomes injection. The ultrasound results before treatment showed that the thickness of subcutaneous soft tissue in the forehead was 0.35cm,the length and short diameter of left retroauricular lymph nodes were 1.11 and 0.46cm, and the length and short diameter of right retroauricular lymph nodes were 1.10 and 0.45cm. After treatment, the thickness of subcutaneous soft tissue in the forehead was 0.20cm, the length and short diameter of the lymph nodes behind the left ear were 1.06 and 0.40cm, respectively, and the length and short diameter of the lymph nodes behind the right ear were 1.06 and 0.36cm, respectively. The results of treatment proved that this treatment had a therapeutic effect on the allergy of patients.

Paediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of seven cases

Objective: To investigate the pathological features and clinical manifestation of pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma(NMZL). Methods: Histological morphology and immunophenotype of 7 cases of pediatric NMZL were retrospectively reviewed at Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Medical University between January 2008 to October 2018. Clonal rearrangement analysis was performed. Clinical information including patient follow-up data were analyzed. Results: All 7 patients were male with a median age of 15 years aged from 10 to 26 years. All patients presented with only lymph node enlargement without B symptoms, including cervical lymph node (5 cases), preauricular lymph node (1 case) and retroauricular lymph node (1 case). Histologically, all cases showed irregular large follicles on the edges with widened marginal areas and intervesicular areas, and lesional cells were uniform with progressive transformation of germinal center centers along with a small amount of intrinsic lymphoid tissue. All 7 cases showed diffuse CD20 positivity both follicle and interfollicular region along with 30%-40% positivity in the interfollicular region (pathological region). Markers of other B-cell lymphomas werenot expressed. All 7 cases were positive for immunoglobulin(Ig) gene rearrangement. None of the patients showed no recurrence up on after follow-up for an average of 13 months. Conclusions: Pediatric NMZL is a rare type of lymphoma that has a unique morphology and occurs almost exclusively in male children and young adults and often in head and neck lymph nodes. It has an excellent prognosis. Therefore, awareness of the disease with accurate diagnosis is important.

A protective role for FADD dominant negative (FADD-DN) mutant in trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)-induced murine contact hypersensitivity reactions.

Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) is a classic adaptor protein in apoptosis. Increasing evidence has shown that FADD is also implicated in T-cell development, activation and proliferation. The role of FADD in inflammatory disorders remains largely unexplored. To assess the role of FADD in inflammatory disorders. We established an experimental model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) by using 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) on transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative mutant of FADD (FADD-DN), RESULTS: CHS responses were clearly attenuated in FADD-DN mice compared with control mice. In the retroauricular lymph nodes, the ratio of CD8+ T cells was also decreased. FADD-DN appears to play a protective role in TNCB-induced CHS reactions.

Skin sensitization of 3, 4-bis (4'-aminofurazano-3') furoxan in mice evaluated by BrdU-ELISA local lymph node assay

Objective: To investigate skin sensitization of 3, 4-bis (4'-aminofurazano-3') furoxan (DATF) in mice using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BrdU-ELISA) . Methods: A total of 30 specific pathogen-free BALB/C mice were randomly divided into high-, medium-, and low-dose DATF groups, positive control group, and solvent control group, with six mice in each group. The mice in the high-, medium-, and low-dose DATF groups were treated with 50%, 25%, and 10% (0.5, 0.25, and 0.10 g/ml) DATF solution, those in the positive control group were treated with 1% 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzol (DNCB) , and those in the solvent control group were treated with acetone/olive oil (4∶1) . After treatment, retroauricular lymph nodes were collected and cell suspension was prepared. ELISA was used to measure the level of cell proliferation after the addition of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) , and the BrdU labeling index (LI) and test substance concentration at a stimulation index (SI) of 1.6 (EC1.6) were calculated. Results: There were no significant differences in auricular thickness between groups (P>0.05) , and DAFT did not have skin irritation. Compared with the solvent control group, the high-dose DATF group and the positive control group showed significant increases in the weight of lymph nodes (P<0.05) . Compared with the solvent control group, all the other groups showed significant increases in BrdU LI (P<0.01) . The low-, medium-, and high-dose DATF groups had SIs of 6.1, 8.8, and 12.1, respectively, and the EC1.6 of DATF was 2.2%, which suggested that DATF had strong sensitization. Conclusion: DATF has strong skin sensitization in mice, with reference to the guideline of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Item No. 442B (OECD TG 442B) .

Syndrome opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxie révélant une méningo-encéphalite rubéolique chez un adulte

IntroductionOpsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia (OMS) is a rare clinical syndrome, of paraneoplastic infectious, post-infectious, post-vaccinal or idiopathic origin. Case reportWe report a 24-year-old young man who presented with gait disorder preceded by a febrile rash and retroauricular lymph nodes. Three days before admission, he had headache, vertigo, nausea and vomiting followed by gait unsteadiness and movement disorders of limbs and eyes. On examination, he had OMS syndrome. Brain MRI, total body scan, MIBG scintigraphy, tumor markers and onconeural antibodies were normal. Cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed lymphocytic meningitis. Positive serum and CSF immunoglobulin M antibody against rubella virus was demonstrated. He received acyclovir with full recovery within two weeks. We discuss the peculiarities of this association with a literature review. ConclusionThis observation enlarges the spectrum of neurological manifestations of rubella as well as that of OMS etiologies.

An unusual dermoid cyst in subcutaneous tissue of the mastoid region: A case report

Dermoid cysts of the head and neck are rare lesions. An unusual dermoid cyst in the subcutaneous tissue of the mastoid region is easily confused with lymph node abnormalities; therefore, diagnosis and treatment are often challenging. We describe a 22-year-old male with an unusual dermoid cyst in the subcutaneous tissue of the mastoid region whose only complaint was a retroauricular lump, which was similar to an intumescent retroauricular lymph node. Final diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination of the surgically removed specimen. A dermoid cyst in the subcutaneous tissue of the mastoid region is rare and may be misdiagnosed as a retroauricular lymph node. A lump may be the only presenting symptom without hearing loss and vertigo complaints. Complete excision of the tumor must be ensured and pathological analysis is important for the diagnosis.

Intermittent rash, lymph node swelling, arthralgia and vaccinal viral detection after rubella immunization

A 26-year-old woman was immunized on August 2008 with the ubella/measles vaccine (MR, Serum Institute of India). She had een in good health previously, with no medical history of any heumatologic affection. The patient had already been vaccinated gainst rubella two years before, in an immunization campaign that ccurred in Brazilian the state of Sao Paulo, and had no adverse eactions. She inadvertently took the vaccine again in the national ampaign in 2008. Five days after the most recent vaccination, she eveloped fever, retroauricular lymph node swelling, erythemaous maculopapular rash on her trunk, back, abdomen, forearm nd ankle. On the subsequent days, she had arthralgia and a slight welling in small joints of the hands and feet. The fever resolved n ten days but the rash on her back progressed to persistent yperpigmentation, which also occurred over the joints of some ngers. Over the subsequent 18 months, the patient kept having ntermittent episodes of the arthralgia in the same joints, lymhadenopathy and erythematous macules on her arms, abdomen nd legs. The results of the laboratory tests in the first office visit ere as follows: hemoglobin, 11.9 g/dL; leukocytes, 6700/mm3

Hodgkin lymphoma in 2 children with chronic granulomatous disease

Hodgkin lymphoma in 2 children with chronic granulomatous disease

Head and neck hemangiopericytoma in a child: case report

Hemangiopericytoma is a relatively rare tumor, first described in 1942, with approximately 300 cases described in the literature to date. In most cases, it affects the trunk and lower extremities. The head and neck incidence is less than 20%, mostly in adults. We describe a case of malignant head and neck hemangiopericytoma in a child. Case report. A twelve-year-old male patient noted the presence of a firm painless right-side retroauricular lymph node of 1 cm in diameter, which at first remained unchanged for six months, but subsequently enlarged progressively. He denied having had previous trauma at that site. In November 2000, he presented nasal obstruction and voluminous epistaxis that required hospitalization and blood transfusion. During dental treatment one month later, a cranial x-ray revealed bone alterations. A subsequent computed tomography scan showed an extensive lesion of soft tissue density that had invaded the maxillary fossa, eroding the skull base and middle and nasal fossa. The child was then referred to our service, where biopsy was performed, giving a diagnosis of hemangiopericytoma. Shortly afterwards, magnetic resonance imaging revealed that this lesion had undergone significant growth, while maintaining the same invasion pattern. The patient was submitted to conservative surgery in April 2001, with only partial resection of the tumor because of its extent. Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the presence of malignant hemangiopericytoma. Following the surgery, the patient presented fast regrowth of the lesion, with partial response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Oro-facial tumours in Ethiopian patients: Clinical analysis of 108 cases and a review of the literature

Maxillofacial surgery is a new medical discipline in Ethiopia. Between May 1991 and December 1992, 108 patients with maxillofacial tumours were treated in our Department. These cases are analysed according to their age, sex, anatomical site, histopathological classification of benign and malignant tumours. More males (5.5:1) had malignant tumours than females. The age distribution of malignant tumours showed that most patients were under the age of 51. Histological classification of benign tumours revealed that fibromas and haemangiomas are common (7 cases each) and lymphoma, osteoma and Warthin's tumour are rare (1 case each). Almost all patients with giant cell tumour-like changes were female (11 out of 13). Two patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and 3 patients with non-specific lymphadenopathy of the neck and retroauricular lymph nodes have been proved to be HIV/AIDS infected.

稀な経過をとった小児悪性リンパ腫の一例

A case of cutaneous malignant lymphoma in childhood with an interesting clinical course was reported. A 10-year-old boy visited our hospital complaining of right shoulder pain. A reddish swelling with baldness was found in the parietal region that had been injured with a thrown stone 2 years before the first visit. Left retroauricular lymphadenopathy was also noted. This had apparently one year after the head injury. Severe tenderness was seen on the right acromion, although there was no swelling nor any increase in temperature. The range of right shoulder motion was not limited.During the follow-up period, cryptogenetic arthritis was found in the left elbow, which was remarkably relieved by antibiotic therapy. Tumor formation was only recognized on the right acromion by magnetic resonance imaging. This tumor and the retroauricular lymph node were resected, and a bjopsy of the swelling in the parietal region was carried out. All three pathological specimens disclosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Brugia-Like Filarial Infection Acquired in the United States *

A mature male filarial worm was found in sections of an enlarged, painful retroauricular lymph node removed from an 18-year-old resident of New Jersey. On the basis of its morphology and location in an obstructed lymph vessel, the worm was identified as probably a species of Brugia, possibly Brugia beaveri, a parasite of the raccoom. The infection in this case resembled one reported earlier from the same general area of the country, New York City. In the absence of demonstrable microfilaremia in this and other cases of zoonotic filariasis acquired in the United States, specific drug treatment after surgical removal of the worm is usually unnecessary.

Metastatic basal cell carcinoma

Metastases from basal cell carcinomas are rare, only forty-six having been recorded previously. A case report of a basal cell carcinoma of the ear with metastases to a retroauricular lymph node is presented. This brings the total of authentic cases to forty-seven. From a brief review of the previously reported cases, the overwhelming majority of these metastatic basal cell carcinomas originate in the area of the head and neck. Surgical treatment followed by metastatic spread is thought to be due to inordinately prolonged lapse of time from the first appearance of the lesion to its treatment by surgical means. Metastatic spread of basal cell carcinomas treated by radiation is not due to a delay in treatment. The authors suggest that it may be due either to an “apparent” cure of the radiation-treated carcinoma causing a delay in further treatment or by the mutation of the tumor into a more malignant carcinoma by radiation energy. Prompt and adequate surgical excision is the treatment of choice to prevent metastases from basal cell carcinoma. Of the thirty-two patients reported in the literature with adequate follow-up data, the mean survival time was 10.7 years after the onset of the disease and ten months after the discovery of metastases.

South American blastomycosis, Lutz's disease; a contribution to knowledge of its pathogenesis.

FOUR YEARS ago I started a systematic search for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Almeida, 1930, in the teeth and periodontal tissues of brasiliensis Almeida, 1930, in the teeth and periodontal tissues of patients with South American blastomycosis (Lutz's disease). This study was undertaken in an effort to try to explain how the parasite in this disease gets into the organism with localizations, apparently primarily lymphatic, which simulate the Hodgkin-Sternberg disease. I started from the supposition that in some cases, and especially those in which the disease apparently begins in the suprahyoid, preauricular and retroauricular lymph nodes, the penetration of the fungus could take place by way of the teeth and periodontal tissues. Two years ago1I succeeded in finding P. brasiliensis in a granuloma of a carious tooth in a woman in whom the disease had apparently begun in the submandibular lymph nodes and in a retroauricular lymph node. The