1) A group of 512 esotropes requiring surgery were reviewed in regard to the incidence of surgical overcorrection, pre-operative factors predisposing to overcorrection, pre and post-operative sensory adaptations, fusional results, and management. 2) The incidence of surgical overcorrection was 6.8%. 3) The presence of pre-operative A or V pattern, associated horizontal and vertical deviations, and anomalous correspondence seem to predispose among other factors to overcorrection. 4) The incidence of obtaining conversion to a constant phoria (useful fusion) in the total series was 12.1%. In the more overcorrected group this figure was 28.5%. In the non-overcorrected group the incidence was 11.9%. 5) The elimination of anomalous retinal correspondence (ARC) by surgery alone was 50% in the non-overcorrected group, while overcorrection resulted in 83.3% and 86.2% conversion to NRC respectively. 6) A comparison with similar studies is presented and the management of these cases is discussed.