Retention Rate Research Articles

A Web-Based Intervention for Insufficiently Active College Students: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy.

One third of college students do not achieve aerobic activity levels recommended for physical and mental health. The web-based "I Can Be Active!" intervention was designed to help college students increase their physical activity. The intervention was grounded in the Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework which emphasizes translating intention into sustainable action. The primary purpose was to evaluate the feasibility of the intervention with insufficiently active young adult college students. The secondary purposes were to describe the preliminary effects of the intervention on: (1) the M-PAC constructs and (2) physical activity. Twenty-one college students, ages 18 to 24, were enrolled in the pre-post quasi-experimental study to test the 8-week intervention during Spring 2021. Data were collected via self-report questionnaires, web-analytics, and interviews. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, retention, acceptability, practicality, and implementation. Preliminary efficacy outcomes were self-report M-PAC constructs and physical activity. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, t tests, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Hedge's g, and thematic analysis. Recruitment and retention rates were 70% and 71%, respectively. Participants reacted positively to the program, content, and features, except the manual entry step tracker and private social media group. Positive trends and significant increases were found in the regulatory and reflexive M-PAC constructs (self-regulation, habit, and identity) and physical activity. Findings support the feasibility and preliminary effects of the intervention for insufficiently active college students and highlight implications for intervention refinement. Future research will test intervention effectiveness using a randomized controlled trial with a larger diverse sample of college students.

Behavioural support and nicotine replacement therapy for smokeless tobacco cessation in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Smokeless tobacco (ST) use in South Asia is high, yet interventions to support its cessation are lacking. We tested the feasibility of delivering interventions for ST cessation in South Asia. We used a 2× 2 factorial design, pilot randomized controlled trial with a duration of 26 weeks, including baseline and follow-up (6, 12 and 26 weeks) assessments. Two primary health-care facilities each in Dhaka (Bangladesh) and Karachi (Pakistan) and a walk-in cancer screening clinic in Noida (India) took part. Adult daily ST users willing to make a quit attempt within 30 days. Of 392 screened, 264 participants [mean age: 35 years, standard deviation = 12.5, 140 (53%) male] were recruited between December 2020 and December 2021; 132 from Bangladesh, 44 from India and 88 from Pakistan. Participants were randomized to one of three treatment options [8-week support through nicotine replacement therapy (NRT, n= 66), a behavioural intervention for smokeless tobacco cessation in adults (BISCA, n= 66) or their combination (n= 66)] or the control condition of very brief advice (VBA) to quit (n= 66). Recruitment and retention, data completeness and feasibility of intervention delivery were evaluated. Biochemically verified abstinence from tobacco, using salivary cotinine, was measured at 26 weeks. Retention rates were 94.7% at 6 weeks, dropping to 89.4% at 26 weeks. Attendance in BISCA pre-quit (100%) and quit sessions (86.3%) was high, but lower in post-quit sessions (65.9%), with variability among countries. Adherence to NRT also varied (45.5% Bangladesh, 90% India). Data completion for key variables exceeded 93% among time-points, except at 26 weeks for questions on nicotine dependence (90%), urges (89%) and saliva samples (62.7%). Among follow-up time-points, self-reported abstinence was generally higher among participants receiving BISCA and/or NRT. At 26 weeks, biochemically verified abstinence was observed among 16 (12.1%) participants receiving BISCA and 13 (9.8%) participants receiving NRT. This multi-country pilot randomized controlled trial of tobacco cessation among adult smokeless tobacco users in South Asia demonstrated the ability to recruit and retain participants and report abstinence, suggesting that a future definitive smokeless tobacco cessation trial is viable.

Student Progression and Dropout Rates Using Convolutional Neural Network: A Case Study of the Arab Open University

Pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) structures are considered as one of the emerging education management tools that can help improve the quality of education by allowing decision makers to manipulate important indicators. These indicators, which are categorized as student and institution specific factors, may influence student progress, retention or dropout rates. In this paper, we develop a deep learning model of predicting students’ satisfactions and their expected outcomes and associated early failures. The model can also predict dropout rates and identify the main baseline risk factors that influence such rates. The academic data of 12,000 students enrolled from 2018 in the Arab Open University student information system are used as CNNs training dataset to ensure that all institution levels are represented. Then, the trained network provides a probabilistic model that indicates, for each student, the probability of dropout. Based on the prediction model, the study presents an early warning system framework to generate alerts and recommendations to allow early and effective institutional intervention. Experiments are achieved by using the proposed dataset and the performance of our approach is considerably better compared to the competitive models in terms of training/validation accuracy and mean square errors.

Fine and dense bismuth electrocatalysts achieving high power density and cycling stability in vanadium flow batteries

Developing electrode materials that can work efficiently at high current densities while maintaining excellent stability is critical for reducing the unit cost of vanadium flow batteries (VFB). Herein, we report a Bi nanoparticles (∼10 nm) decorated thermal-active graphite felt (Bi@TGF) electrode fabricated through a simple polyvinylpyrrolidone guided approach. Fine and dense Bi electrocatalysts not only play an important role in catalyzing V2+/V3+ redox reaction, but also effectively suppress hydrogen evolution side reaction. As a result, the VFB assembled with Bi@TGF as negative electrode exhibits excellent rate performance (energy efficiency of 81.5 % at 200 mA cm−2) and extremely high peak power density (1023 mW cm−2 at 1250 mA cm−2). Moreover, Bi@TGF electrode demonstrates outstanding durability in 2500-cycle ultralong charge-discharge testing at 300 mA cm−2, with energy (voltage) efficiency retention rate of 99.2 % (98.9 %). The stable cycling ability of Bi@TGF under high operating current density endows its potential application in long-duration and high power density VFB.

Changes in health-related quality of life during transition to adult healthcare: an international prospective cohort study

ObjectiveTo study changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with chronic medical conditions across the transfer to adult healthcare and associations of HRQoL with...

Structurational Divergence for Tongan Students in Higher Education: Navigating Conflicting Cultural and Higher-Educational Structures

ABSTRACT This study investigates experiences of Tongan–American students who navigate conflicting cultural structures in the United States. Findings revealed that the intersection of conflicting structures creates a crisis of belonging in participants, which manifests through several negative outcomes. We also identified strategies students employed to reconcile the conflicting demands and expectations inherent in Tongan culture and in higher education. While most of these strategies maintain the rules and resources that make up each structure, one emergent strategy functions to fundamentally change the structures to more effectively accommodate the needs of students. These findings have important implications for institutions of higher education seeking to foster cultures of inclusion and to improve retention rates for marginalized groups.

Interactive Malaysian Childhood Healthy Lifestyle (i-MaCHeL) programme: a single-arm pilot study

BackgroundThe growing obesity epidemic in Malaysia presents a public health challenge that requires innovative intervention strategies. In an effort to address this problem, an Interactive Malaysian Childhood Healthy Lifestyle (i-MaCHeL) programme, which is a web-based initiative designed for preschool child–parent dyads offers a novel approach. Nevertheless, the success of such a web-based intervention depends on several interrelated factors. This research aims to examine the feasibility of i-MaCHeL in the Malaysian context, its usability for preschool child–parent dyads, and the acceptability of the programme among these user groups.MethodsThis was a single-arm pilot study involving 46 child–parent dyads recruited from six government preschools in Terengganu, Malaysia. The preschools were selected using a cluster random sampling technique at the preschool level. The intervention feasibility was determined based on the retention rate of participants in the pilot study. The System Usability Scale (SUS) and intervention process evaluation were used to assess the usability and acceptability of the web-based i-MaCHeL programme.ResultsThe retention data demonstrated that 42 out of 46 participants completed the 13-week intervention programme, which showed that the overall retention rate was 91.3%. A mean (SD) SUS score of 84.70 (13.82) was obtained from parents, indicating that the web-based i-MaCHeL had an acceptable usability level. The mean scores of the process evaluation items ranged from 4.52 (0.63) to 4.83 (0.38), demonstrating that the web-based i-MaCHeL was highly accepted by the parents. The acceptability data also indicated that at least 92.9% (39/42) of the parents agreed/strongly agreed that the web content, programme duration, intervention dose, WhatsApp group, and delivery mode were appropriate.ConclusionsAccording to these findings, the i-MaCHeL intervention using a web-based approach was feasible, usable, and acceptable as part of a weight-related behaviour change intervention for preschool child–parent dyads. This pilot study demonstrated that the web-based i-MaCHeL was feasible and promising for delivering weight-related behavioural intervention to child–parent dyads.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04711525. Registered on January 15, 2021.

Rare Earth Single-Atom Catalysis for High-Performance Li-S Full Battery with Ultrahigh Capacity.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have many advantages but still face problems such as retarded polysulfides redox kinetics and Li dendrite growth. Most reported single atom catalysts (SACs) for Li-S batteries are based on d-band transition metals whose d orbital constitutes active valence band, which is inclined to occur catalyst passivation. SACs based on 4f inner valence orbital of rare earth metals are challenging for their great difficulty to be activated. In this work, we design and synthesize the first rare earth metal Sm SACs which has electron-rich 4f inner orbital to promote catalytic conversion of polysulfides and uniform deposition of Li. Sm SACs enhance the catalysis by the activated 4f orbital through an f-d-p orbital hybridization. Using Sm-N3C3 modified separators, the half cells deliver a high capacity over 600 mAh g-1 and a retention rate of 84.3% after 2000 cycles. The fabricated S/CNTs|Sm-N3C3@PP|Sm-N3C3-Li full batteries can provide an ultra-stable cycling performance of a retention rate of 80.6% at 0.2 C after 100 cycles, one of the best full Li-S batteries. This work provides a new perspective for the development of rare earth metal single atom catalysis in electrochemical reactions of Li-S batteries and other electrochemical systems for next-generation energy storage.

Rare Earth Single‐Atom Catalysis for High‐Performance Li−S Full Battery with Ultrahigh Capacity

Lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries have many advantages but still face problems such as retarded polysulfides redox kinetics and Li dendrite growth. Most reported single atom catalysts (SACs) for Li−S batteries are based on d‐band transition metals whose d orbital constitutes active valence band, which is inclined to occur catalyst passivation. SACs based on 4f inner valence orbital of rare earth metals are challenging for their great difficulty to be activated. In this work, we design and synthesize the first rare earth metal Sm SACs which has electron‐rich 4f inner orbital to promote catalytic conversion of polysulfides and uniform deposition of Li. Sm SACs enhance the catalysis by the activated 4f orbital through an f‐d‐p orbital hybridization. Using Sm‐N3C3 modified separators, the half cells deliver a high capacity over 600 mAh g−1 and a retention rate of 84.3% after 2000 cycles. The fabricated S/CNTs|Sm‐N3C3@PP|Sm‐N3C3‐Li full batteries can provide an ultra‐stable cycling performance of a retention rate of 80.6% at 0.2 C after 100 cycles, one of the best full Li−S batteries. This work provides a new perspective for the development of rare earth metal single atom catalysis in electrochemical reactions of Li−S batteries and other electrochemical systems for next‐generation energy storage.

Enhancing College Access in Zimbabwe: Impact of Student Loans and Grants

This study explores how government interventions, grants, and loans influence college access in Zimbabwe, focusing on understanding the factors affecting college access and retention rates. The research aims to inform evidence-based decision-making regarding college access through a mixed research approach integrating qualitative and quantitative methods. Combining both qualitative and quantitative methods to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings. It analyses secondary data sources, such as literature, reports, and statistical datasets, to explore aspects like college access, enrollment trends, poverty rates, financial aid programs, and student loan systems in Zimbabwe. Triangulation techniques enhance the credibility of the study's findings by integrating evidence from various sources and employing diverse data collection and analysis methods, enriching perspectives and strengthening the validity and reliability of the study's conclusions. Key findings suggest that grants and loans significantly contribute to increasing college enrollment rates, particularly among economically disadvantaged groups. However, enrollment disparities persist, especially among marginalized populations like women. Despite a modest increase in government spending on education, concerns arise due to a slowdown in overall enrollment growth. Barriers to student loan uptake include complex application processes, concerns about debt burdens, and uncertainties regarding post-graduation employment prospects. The study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive policy interventions to simplify eligibility criteria, enhance financial literacy, and promote employment pathways. Using human capital and open systems theories, the research lays a groundwork for evidence-based decision-making to enhance access to higher education in Zimbabwe.

Waste mask supported PES membranes for efficient separation of oil/water emulsion

AbstractIn this study, waste masks were modified by coating them with polyethersulfone (PES) to prepare a hydrophilic and oleophobic membrane for oil/water emulsion separation. Optimal performance was achieved when the PES concentration in the waste masks was 17 wt%. The water flux of the modified membrane reached 8131 L/(m2·h·bar), with an oil/water emulsion separation efficiency of 98.8% for a 1‰ concentration. The maximum tensile force was measured as 0.8 N. Even after two cleaning cycles, the modified membrane retained an oil retention rate of over 80%. This technology not only enables the resource utilization of waste masks but also offers potential for modifying industrial melt‐blown nonwoven fabrics.Highlights The WM/PES membrane exhibits high mechanical properties and high roughness. The WM/PES membrane exhibits superior oil/water emulsion separation performance and contamination resistance compared with PES membranes. The WM/PES membrane exhibits significantly higher water and oil/water emulsion flux compared with PES membranes.

Opening and Constructing Stable Lithium‐ion Channels within Polymer Electrolytes

Lithium‐ion batteries play an integral role in various aspects of daily life, yet there is a pressing need to enhance their safety and cycling stability. In this study, we have successfully developed a highly secure and flexible solid‐state polymer electrolyte (SPE) through the in‐situ polymerization of allyl acetoacetate (AAA) monomers. This SPE constructed an efficient Li+ transport channel inside and effectively improved the solid‐solid interface contact of solid‐state batteries to reduce interfacial impedance. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent thermal stability, an ionic conductivity of 3.82×10‐4 S cm‐1 at room temperature (RT), and a Li+ transport number (tLi+) of 0.66. The numerous oxygen vacancies on layered inorganic SiO2 created an excellent environment for TFSI‐ immobilization. Free Li+ migrated rapidly at the C=O equivalence site with the poly(allyl acetoacetate) (PAAA) matrix. Consequently, when cycled at 0.5 C and RT, it displayed an initial discharge specific capacity of 140.6 mAh g‐1 with a discharge specific capacity retention rate of 70% even after 500 cycles. Similarly, when cycled at a higher rate of 5 C, it demonstrated an initial discharge specific capacity of 132.3 mAh g‐1 while maintaining excellent cycling stability.

Financial Strategies of Attracting and Retaining Talent at Tata Motors

For businesses like Tata Motors, talent has become the most precious asset in today's intensely competitive automotive sector. This abstract explores the financial tactics used by Tata Motors to draw in and hold on to elite personnel, which in turn ensures long-term success and growth for the company. Tata Motors understands how important it is to provide competitive pay packages in order to draw in the top personnel available. The company maintains its wage structures in line with industry norms by carefully examining the market and benchmarking. Tata Motors also uses performance-linked incentives, which match organizational and individual objectives to reward excellence and produce outcomes. Tata Motors aims to establish a financially satisfying work environment that inspires employees to achieve by combining competitive compensation with performance bonuses. Apart from monetary compensation, Tata Motors prioritizes offering extensive benefits to its employees. These benefits include retirement plans, health insurance, and a host of additional advantages aimed at improving the general happiness and well-being of its employees. Tata Motors promotes a culture of dedication and loyalty among its workers by putting employee wellbeing first, which increases retention rates. In addition, Tata Motors makes large investments in learning and development programs to cultivate talent and promote career advancement. Through educational opportunities, skill-building workshops, and training programs, the organization provides its employees with the tools and information they need to succeed in their positions. Tata Motors fosters a culture of innovation and adaptation in addition to improving individual performance by enabling staff members to pursue ongoing professional development.

Understanding School Leadership’s Influence on Teacher Retention in High-Poverty Settings: An Exploratory Study in the U.S.

Research has identified principal leadership as one of the most salient school-level predictors of teacher retention. However, the survey-based quantitative nature and specific survey questions used in this research make it difficult to discern which leadership behaviors or approaches contribute most to teacher retention. As a result, school leaders and those responsible for preparing and/or employing them lack clear, research-based information about specific practices that could be effectively utilized, particularly in high-poverty schools. This qualitative case study, set in a high-poverty U. S. elementary school with high retention rates, utilized Simon and Johnson’s (2015) framework of how principal behaviors that increase teacher retention in the quantitative research are exhibited in under-resourced schools. The study generates qualitative understandings of how a principal’s actions contributed to retention by reaffirming a mission to serve high-poverty students, recognizing teachers for their work, developing and fostering within-faculty relationships, strengthening relationships with families, and providing disciplinary support. In doing so, the study also provides support for an existing framework for leading for retention and insights into how these actions may influence or be seen in survey responses used in survey-based research.

Molybdenum single-atoms decorated multi-channel carbon nanofibers for advanced lithium-selenium batteries

The cathode in lithium-selenium (Li-Se) batteries has garnered extensive attention owing to its superior specific capacity and enhanced conductivity compared to sulfur. Nonetheless, the adoption and advancement of Li-Se batteries face significant challenges due to selenium’s low reactivity, substantial volume fluctuations, and the shuttle effect associated with polyselenides. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are under the spotlight for their outstanding catalytic efficiency and optimal atomic utilization. To address the challenges of selenium’s low chemical activity and volume expansion in Li-Se batteries, through electrospun, we have developed a lotus root-inspired carbon nanofiber (CNF) material, featured internal multi-channels and anchored with molybdenum (Mo) single atoms (Mo@CNFs). Mo single atoms significantly enhance the conversion kinetics of selenium (Se), facilitating rapid formation of Li2Se. The internally structured multi-channel CNF serves as an effective host matrix for Se, mitigating its volume expansion during the electrochemical process. The resulting cathode, Se/Mo@CNF composite, exhibits a high discharge specific capacity, superior rate performance, and impressive cycle stability in Li-Se batteries. After 500 cycles at a current density of 1 C, it maintains a capacity retention rate of 82% and nearly 100% coulombic efficiency (CE). This research offers a new avenue for the application of single-atom materials in enhancing advanced Li-Se battery performance.

Enhanced Low-Temperature Resistance of Lithium-metal Rechargeable Batteries Based on Electrolyte Including Ethyl Acetate and LiDFOB Additives.

To meet the demand for higher energy density in lithium-ion batteries and expand their application range, coupling lithium metal anodes with high-voltage cathodes is an ideal solution. However, the compatibility between lithium metal batteries and electrolytes affects their applicability. In this study, proposes a locally concentrated electrolyte based on ethyl acetate (EA) as the solvent, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as the lithium salt, and lithium difluorooxoborate (LiDFOB) as a sacrificial agent to enhance the low-temperature and high-voltage endurance of Li//Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries. The Li//LCO battery can operate within the voltage range of 3 to 4.5 V, with an initial discharge specific capacity of 174.5 mAh g-1 at 20 oC. At -40 oC, after 200 cycles, the capacity retention rate is 87.7%. It can operate under extreme conditions of -70 oC, with a discharge specific capacity of 112.6 mAh g-1. Additionally, LCO//HC batteries using this electrolyte demonstrate excellent performance. Present work provides a new perspective for the optimization of electrolytes for low-temperature lithium-ion batteries.

Evaluating and study of natural gas injecting in Shunbei-1 block fault-controlled fractured-cavity type reservoir

The fault cavern type reservoir in Block 1 of Shunbei area is located in the ultra-deep layer and is classified as a volatile oil reservoir. The reservoir is characterized by very deep burial with an oil/gas ratio between 250 and 500 m3/tone and a saturation pressure range of 28–36 MPa. As of March 2021, the formation pressure has dropped to 30.5 MPa and the pressure retention rate is 35.8%. In order to effectively develop this reservoir, it was decided to use a water injection development method with a planned transition to natural gas injection in March 2022 to further enhance recovery and maintain formation pressure. Through evaluation and research, the pressure distribution, production capacity change and reservoir dynamic response during the water injection development stage were analyzed with respect to the characteristics of fracture-controlled fracture-cave type reservoir in Shunbei-1 block. On this basis, the necessity, feasibility, and expected effects of conversion to natural gas injection are explored, including improvement of displacement efficiency, reduction of fluid output, and enhancement of formation energy replenishment. In addition, this study also carries out in-depth research and prediction on the optimization of natural gas injection parameters, the selection of injection methods and possible problems, aiming to provide scientific basis and technical support for the efficient and sustainable development of this block. In order to smoothly promote the implementation of natural gas injection development, a special reservoir description technique applicable to fault cavern type reservoirs was adopted. Based on this foundation, an in-depth study was conducted on the mechanism of natural gas displacement, so as to optimize the layout of the well network and the setting of injection and extraction parameters. In addition, a set of evaluation system for natural gas injection effect in fault cavern type reservoirs was constructed. By adopting the natural gas injection development method and combining the corresponding supporting technology development and optimization measures, the reservoir development efficiency and oil (gas) production rate have been effectively improved, and the risk of gas flaring has been reduced at the same time. These research results are of great significance for ensuring the comprehensive development and effective utilization of oil and gas resources, and provide strong technical support for future development work.

A Study on Customer Relationship Management in Banking Sector

ABSTRACT Customer Relationship Management (CRM) plays a pivotal role in the Indian banking sector, offering a strategic approach to managing relationships with customers and enhancing their experience. This paper examines the impact of CRM on the banking industry in India, exploring how it can improve customer satisfaction, loyalty, and overall business performance. The study reviews existing literature and analyzes various aspects of CRM adoption in Indian banks, including challenges such as training, technology adoption, and changing customer expectations. The findings indicate that CRM strategies can significantly enhance the quality of customer service and strengthen customer relationships, leading to higher retention rates and a competitive edge in the market. Despite the challenges in implementing CRM, such as technological constraints and a lack of skilled personnel, the benefits far outweigh the obstacles. Through the effective use of CRM tools and techniques, Indian banks can foster stronger connections with customers, tailor services to individual needs, and ultimately drive growth and profitability. This paper concludes that the adoption of CRM in the Indian banking sector is essential for banks to thrive in a rapidly evolving market. By embracing CRM practices, banks can achieve higher levels of customer satisfaction and loyalty, which are crucial for long-term success in the industry.

Initial damage behavior of Al2O3‐modified SiCf/SiC–B4C composites after oxidation under wet atmosphere at 1200°C

AbstractAl2O3 was incorporated into SiCf/SiC–B4C composites to improve their mechanical properties after oxidation. The results showed that Al2O3 reduced the weight gain of these composites, and the oxidized layer became smooth and dense. The fibers pull‐out lengths of the Al2O3‐modified composites were longer than that of virgin composites oxidized for the same amount of time. Compared with the virgin composites, the tensile strength retention rate of Al2O3‐modified composites was improved by 7.3% and 8.4% after oxidation times of 50 and 100 h, respectively. But Al2O3 modification led to 20.6% and 44.3% improvements in σonset (acoustic emission, AE onset stress) as well as 76.5% and 95.5% the improvements in σmin (first AE stress), respectively. Further investigation indicated that a higher proportion of high‐energy level events occurred in the Al2O3‐modified composites when the load just reached the damage thresholds stress compared with the virgin composites.

Deep bed filtration and formation damage by particles with distributed properties

Current models for deep bed filtration describe particles with uniform properties. Yet, the sizes, densities, and mineral composition of particles vary significantly in the same injection well. The aim of this work is to provide an effective mathematical model for water injection of particles with distributed properties and formation damage prediction. We average the set of traditional population balance equations for single-property particles and obtain one upscaled equation. The upscaled equation for particle retention rate contains a non-linear function of suspended concentration, which we call the 'suspension function'. We derive analytical solutions for the upscaled equation for linear (coreflood) and radial (well injectivity) flows. Then we treat lab coreflood data to determine the model suspension function and provide a model for well injectivity prediction. The retention profile for the flow of uniform particles has an exponential form. Frequently reported in the literature, hyper-exponential forms have been hypothetically explained by multiple particle properties. The inverse solution allows revealing the individual filtration coefficients for binary mixtures from total breakthrough concentrations during coreflood. Treatment of the data from lab experiments reveals individual filtration coefficients that belong to common intervals. For the first time, deep bed filtration of particles with distributed properties is upscaled and presented using a single equation that reflects the particle property distribution. This equation provides an effective mathematical model for tuning lab coreflood data, determines the model function, and uses it for injectivity decline prediction.